Factors influencing the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Eucalyptus camaldulensis × Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid variety CT4
Phuong Duy Nguyen*, Van Anh Thi Ngo, Van Thi Pham, Xuan Hoi Pham
Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Genetics, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
Abstract: Genetic transformation of Eucalyptus remains challenging due to the species' complex genomic structure and limited breeding methods. This study provides critical insights into transformation efficiency of a commercially important hybrid. We aimed to optimize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for the commercial Eucalyptus hybrid variety CT4 by systematically investigating factors influencing gene transfer efficiency. Using a callus-based transformation system, we employed GUS histochemical assays and PCR analysis to quantify transformation success under varying experimental conditions. Key parameters including bacterial cell density, infection duration, acetosyringone concentration, and antibiotic selection were comprehensively evaluated. Bacterial cell density significantly impacted callus survival, with lower densities (OD600 = 0.01-0.05) maintaining higher survival rates. Prolonged infection periods (60 minutes) enhanced β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression without compromising callus viability. Acetosyringone at 50 μM concentration optimized transformation efficiency, while a combination of cefotaxime (200 mg/L) and vancomycin (100 mg/L) effectively controlled Agrobacterium contamination. The final transformation efficiency reached 4.3%, representing the first successful genetic transformation protocol specifically optimized for the commercially important CT4 hybrid variety. Molecular confirmation through PCR validated successful gene transfer. This genotype-specific protocol addresses limitations in traditional breeding, offering a promising approach for genetic improvement of Eucalyptus hybrid varieties. The findings contribute to advancing biotechnological strategies for forest tree improvement, highlighting the importance of tailored transformation protocols for specific plant genotypes.
Submitted: 21/03/2025 | Revised: 02/05/2025 | Accepted: 21/08/2025
Pages 987-993 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p05
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Agronomic feasibility of bacterial consortium with Bacillus species and its effects on the productivity of some important crops
Willyan Júnior Adorian Bandeira, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho*, Jaqueline Piesanti Sangiovo, Lays Garcia Meireles, Luis Fernando Maranho Watanabe, Lucas Moraes Santos
Department of Agricultural Studies, Regional University of the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, Brazil
Plant Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
Research and Development, Total Biotecnologia Indústria e Comércio SA, Santo Antônio de Posse, Brazil
Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency and agronomic practicality of the bacterial consortium composed of Bacillus aryabhattai, Bacillus circulans, and Bacillus haynesii in lettuce, beans, maize, and sugarcane crops. Experiments were carried out from 2021 to 2023, in different soil and climate regions, to verify the efficiency and stability of the bacteria evaluated. The product is a pre-commercial liquid inoculant, tested to complement chemical fertilizers and compared with commercial products. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure. Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (BLUP) determined the effect of interaction with environments and treatment ranking. Linear correlation analyses were used to assess the relationships and magnitudes of the evaluated variables in each crop. REML analysis showed treatment effects for lettuce and beans, while maize and sugarcane showed treatment-environment interactions. Inoculation improved yields, especially in lettuce and beans. Correlation analyses revealed complex nutrient-productivity relationships. Sugarcane showed high environmental variation, limiting treatment selection, while maize responses varied by site, emphasizing tailored fertilization strategies. The bacterial consortium with Bacillus species can efficiently complement chemical fertilization in lettuce, beans, and maize crops, with the potential to reduce chemical fertilization by up to 50%. While chemical fertilizers provide quick yield benefits but involve high recurring costs and potential long-term soil degradations, bacteria consortia have lower input cost and improve nutrient efficiency, tough initial gains may be modest. Over time, bacterial consortia can reduce dependency on chemical inputs, making them a more sustainable and cost-effective option.
Submitted: 16/04/2025 | Revised: 05/06/2025 | Accepted: 05/07/2025
Pages 994-1006 | Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p16
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Bacillus thuringiensis, B. fungorum and B. bombysepticus: species that enhance nutrient absorption and maize productivity
Willyan Júnior Adorian Bandeira, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho*, Lays Garcia Meireles, Luis Fernando Maranho Watanabe, Flávio André Vendramin Bertoti, Abel Victor Graci de Araújo
Department of Agricultural Studies, Regional University of the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, Brazil
Research and Development, Total Biotecnologia Indústria e Comércio SA, Santo Antônio de Posse, Brazil
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of the inoculant PRO-MIC-023-23B in different application modes and in association with fixed nitrogen doses corresponding to 50% and 100% of the soil requirement, in promoting the growth and productivity of maize crops. Five field experiments were conducted during the 2023/2024 growing season across different edaphoclimatic regions under rainfed conditions. A randomized block design was adopted, with ten treatments and ten replicates, with two controls using only chemical nitrogen fertilizer (50 and 100% of the dose) and two controls using the standard commercial inoculant. The inoculant PRO-MIC-023-23B is a pre-commercial liquid formulation composed of Bacillus thuringiensis isolate CMFAM035, Bacillus fungorum isolate CMFAC001, and Bacillus bombysepticus isolate CMFPN027, applied in seed treatment, sowing furrow and at V3 and V6 phenological stages. Joint analysis of variance was performed considering nested blocks. For variables showing treatment-by-environment interaction, the genotype plus genotype-by-environment (GGE) model was used. The GGE Biplot for mean performance versus stability and genotype ranking explained a high proportion of the variation in all measured variables. Results indicated that Bacillus application was significant for improving soil nitrogen use, offering a sustainable alternative. Bacillus species demonstrated synergistic effects in promoting growth and enhancing nutrient accumulation in leaves and grains, leading to increases up to 5.75% of maize grain yield. Complementing nitrogen fertilization in maize with the inoculation of PRO-MIC-023-23B in the sowing furrow associated with a dose of 100% nitrogen showed the greatest stability and the greatest grain yield potential among all the treatments tested.
Submitted: 18/04/2025 | Revised: 19/06/2025 | Accepted: 03/08/2025
Pages 1007-1015 | Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p18
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Incidence of red rust (alga leaf spot) in cashew orchards in Ghana
Abdulai Muntala*, Patrick Mawuenyengan. Norshie, Kwadwo Gyase Santo, Stephen Larbi-Koranteng, Daniel A. Ntiamoah, Frank Ankomah-Boamah, Annor Shilla
Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, School of Agriculture and Technology, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
Akenten Appiah Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi-Ghana
ORCID: 00 0000-0001-5128-3299
Abstract: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) production is under threat in the Dormaa area of the Bono region of Ghana due to a green algae pathogen. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the incidence and severity of red rust disease in cashew orchards in Dormaa Central Municipality. A survey was conducted in the 2019 and 2020 seasons in 30 selected orchards in six cashew-growing communities in Dormaa municipality. The identification of the putative alga was done both in vivo using visual assessment and in vitro using microscopic observation at a magnification of 40x. Koch's postulate was completed to confirm the pathogen’s identity. The result of the test produced symptoms similar to those observed before the test, i.e., circular, raised, or flattened velvety/fuzzy orange-brown or burnt-orange or rust-pigmented or greenish-grey spots with dimensions ranging from specks to spots with average sizes of up to 3mm. The incidence and severity of the disease varied significantly (P < 0.001) according to the community and orchard. Based on the morphological analysis and pathogenicity test, the algal pathogen was identified as Cephaleuros spp.
Submitted: 06/05/2025 | Revised: 08/07/2025 | Accepted: 26/08/2025
Pages 1016-1023 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p23
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Enhancing germination of Dianthus lusitanus: A Sustainable approach to plant production and biodiversity conservation
Carlos Manuel Gaspar Reis*, Maria da Graça Diogo
Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, School of Agriculture, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS) – Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
Plant Biotech Centre of Beira Interior (CBPBI), School of Agriculture, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
Abstract: Incorporating native spontaneous flora species into urban landscapes enhances biodiversity, supports ecosystem services, and contributes to sustainable development. Dianthus lusitanus, an Ibero-North African endemic chamaephyte from the Caryophyllaceae family, thrives in full sun exposure and sandy, acidic soils. The aim of this study is to develop a germination protocol for D. lusitanus by evaluating the effects of two seed conservation methods, as well as different treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on germination. Seeds were stored at either 6 °C for three months (lot A) or at room temperature (lot B). Five germination treatments were applied: T1) sterilized water (control); T2) immersion in 1% H2O2 for 30 minutes; T3) immersion in 3% H2O2 for 30 minutes; T4) immersion in 1% H2O2 for 15 hours (overnight); and T5) periodic watering with 50 mM H2O2. Ninety seeds per treatment were tested in a randomized complete block design and incubated at alternating temperatures of 25/22 °C (day/night) with a 16/8-hour photoperiod. Germination percentages were quantified after 20 days. Seeds stored at 6 °C exhibited significantly higher germination rates compared to those stored at room temperature (p = 0.007). A positive effect on seed germination percentage was observed when seeds were soaked in H2O2 solutions. The highest germination percentage (83.3%) was recorded in treatment T4, while the lowest values were observed in treatments T1 and T5 for seeds from Lot B (11.1% and 22.2%, respectively). This protocol has practical applications in ornamental plant production, biodiversity conservation, and the restoration of degraded areas, contributing to sustainability and the preservation of natural resources.
Submitted: 13/05/2025 | Revised: 06/07/2025 | Accepted: 26/08/2025
Pages 1024-1028 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p26
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Optimization of Azotobacter chroococcum IMV B-7836 cultivation and evaluation of its effectiveness as a bioinoculant of cucumber
Olha Lohosha*, Serhii Kozar, Yuliia Vorobei, Oksana Bilokonska, Oleksandr Duka
Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Educational-Scientific Institute of Environmental Management and Humanities, Department of Agricultural Technologies and Forestry, 95 Shevchenka Street, Chernihiv 14035, Ukraine
Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS, 97 Shevchenka Street, Chernihiv 14035, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4725-9381
Abstract: An important stage in the development of an effective biological preparation for agricultural crops is the selection of an optimal nutrient medium that would meet the physiological needs of microorganisms and ensure the implementation of their agronomically important functions as biological agents of the inoculant. The growth characteristics of A. chroococcum IMV B-7836 in liquid media of different chemical composition were studied. The optimal digest medium for the production of the preparation was selected, the chemical compositions of which provides the maximum titer of A. chroococcum IMV B-7836 in the optimal terms of diazotroph cultivation. We studied the dependence of the generation of the number of viable cells of A. chroococcum IMV B-7836 on the time of cultivation in batch culture on modified molasses medium, Ashby’s, and pea medium. It was shown that bacterization of cucumber seeds with a new effective inoculant based on A. chroococcum IMV B-7836 promotes better growth and development of plants, and increases nitrogenase activity in the root zone of vegetable plants and an increase in yield during early and presowing bacterization. Upon early and presowing bacterization of cucumber seeds, nitrogen-fixing activity was at the level of 46.1–47.6 nmol С2Н4/g dry soil per hour in the flowering phase. The yield of the Konkurent variety cucumber upon early and presowing treatment with an inoculant based on A. chroococcum IMV B-7836 for three years increased by 15.1% compared to the control.
Submitted: 22/05/2025 | Revised: 15/08/2025 Accepted: | 21/08/2025
Pages 1029-1034 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p41
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Agronomical traits of different early-late mature soybean (Glycine max) cultivars under intercropping condition with Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth.) and the application to agricultural machinery system
Rikako Umino, Hwan May Ng, Hidenori Tanaka, Genki Ishigaki*
Department of Environment and Resource Science, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Japan
Faculty of regional Innovation, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
Sumiyoshi Livestock Science Station, Center for Innovative Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Shimanouchi 10100-1, Miyazaki, 880-0121, Japan
Abstract: This study investigated the agronomical traits of three soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) cultivars differing in maturity stages—extremely early-maturing ‘Yukihomare’ (Yu), early-maturing ‘Kitamusume’ (Ki), and late-maturing ‘Fukuyutaka’ (Fu)—intercropped with Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth.) in the southwest warm region Japan (Experiment I) and their applicability to agricultural machinery system (Experiment II). In Experiment I, soybeans were sown under different seeding rates at 10 seeds/m2 in 2022 and 20 seeds/m2 in 2023. As a result, while ‘Fu’ showed the lowest germination rate in 2022, it had the same trend in mean of two years (54%). At 90 days after sowing in 2023, plant height of ‘Fu’ was significantly higher among cultivars and had the highest dry matter yield (DMY) of 448 kg/10a with a soybean mixing rate of 93.1%, indicating improved soybean competitiveness with Rhodes grass under higher seeding rate. In Experiment II, broadcaster seeding trial identified a 10 m operational spacing as optimal for achieving the target seeding rate of 20 seeds/m2 based on the result of Experiment I. Subsequently, a performance using agricultural machinery for seeding and harvesting showed that DMY of ‘Fu’ (344kg/10a) was significantly higher than that of Rhodes grass (101kg/10a). However, lodging and harvesting inefficiencies resulted in an estimated dry matter loss of 59.4 kg/10a (13.4%), highlighting the need for further refinement of mechanical harvesting. These findings demonstrate the potential of late-maturing soybean cultivar ‘Fu’ for forage production in intercropping systems and suggest the feasibility of mechanized cultivation and harvest at a practical scale.
Submitted: 24/05/2025 | Revised: 18/08/2025 | Accepted: 28/08/2025
Pages 1035-1040 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p43
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Ash-based organomineral fertilizer improves soil chemical quality and forage yield of Urochloa brizantha
Nathalia Chagas de Brito Gomes, Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva*, Tonny José Araújo da Silva, Luana Aparecida Menegaz Meneghetti, Ivis Andrei Campos e Silva, Niclene Ponce Rodrigues de Oliveira, Alisson Silva Costa Custódio, Danilo Kennedy de Paula Viana, Patrícia Ferreira da Silva
Institute of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis 78736-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Postgraduate Program in Tropical Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil
National Center for Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alerts - Cemaden, Estrada Doutor Altino Bondesan, 500 - Eugênio de Melo District, São José dos Campos 12247-016, São Paulo, Brazil
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-3858
Abstract: A promising strategy that is gaining ground in agricultural production is the use of organomineral fertilizers as a sustainable alternative for forage production, which allows for the reuse of agroindustrial waste and reduces dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of an organomineral fertilizer based on biomass ash on the chemical attributes of the soil and the agronomic performance of Urochloa brizantha cultivars (BRS Piatã and Marandu) under controlled conditions. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment, in a randomized block design arranged in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme with four replicates. Throughout the forage cycle, soil pH, SPAD index, shoot dry mass productivity, root volume, and root dry mass were evaluated. The use of organomineral fertilizer contributed to pH increases above 50%, SPAD index approximately 23 units higher than treatments without this fertilizer, and a 45% increase in aerial and root mass productivity, with these increases varying with the genetics of the cultivars. The Marandu cultivar obtained higher shoot dry mass productivity, while Piatã showed higher SPAD index values. The use of biomass ash is an effective and sustainable alternative as a component of organomineral fertilizers for the sustainable and productive management of tropical grasses.
Submitted: 25/06/2025 | Revised: 09/08/2025 | Accepted: 21/08/2025
Pages 1041-1049 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p63
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Effect of residual frond number and NPK fertilization on yield components of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
Syafrinal*, M Amrul Khoiri, Gian Juliano, Andrian Perdana, Muhammad Tamyis Lutfi Hakim
Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, Bina Widya Campus, Pekanbaru 28293, Riau, Indonesia
Soil Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, Bina Widya Campus, Pekanbaru 28293, Riau, Indonesia
Abstract: Optimizing agronomic practices, such as frond management and NPK fertilizer application, is crucial for enhancing the productivity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of retained frond number and NPK fertilizer rate on key production traits of oil palm. A factorial experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: frond number (48, 40, and 32 fronds per plant) and NPK fertilizer rates (0.5, 1.75, 3.0, and 4.25 kg per plant). The research was conducted from May to November 2023 in Bencah Kelubi Village, Riau Province, Indonesia, on a 12-year-old DxP Marihat oil palm (hybrid variety). Parameters measured included sex ratio, number and weight of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), fresh fruit (FF) weight and volume, and mesocarp thickness. Results showed that both frond number and fertilizer rate significantly affected all yield components except sex ratio. The treatment of 40 retained fronds combined with 4.25 kg NPK fertilizer per plant produced the highest FFB number (3.16 bunches), FFB weight (16.42 kg), FF weight (9.45 g), FF volume (9.35 L), and mesocarp thickness (4.35 mm). These findings demonstrate that moderate pruning combined with optimal nutrient application improves physiological performance and yield components, supporting more sustainable and efficient oil palm cultivation practices.
Submitted: 03/07/2025 | Revised: 01/09/2025 | Accepted: 02/09/2025
Pages 1050-1056 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p68
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Is sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) salt tolerant?
Somphit Yammankong, Prasit Jaisi, Ketsuda Dejbhimon, Lakkana Laopaiboon, Darika Bunphan*
Plant Breeding Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
Agricultural Development Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
Fermentation Research Center for Value Added Agricultural Products and Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150 Thailand
Resource Management in Agricultural Technology Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150 Thailand
ORCID of corresponding author: 0000-0001-9095
Abstract: This study investigated how sodium chloride (NaCl) affected seed germination, plant growth, juice production, and ethanol yield in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). There were two sections for the experiment, the first is in a laboratory, five sorghum cultivars have been investigated for seed germination at 11 varied NaCl concentrations (0-1%), and second part is in greenhouse, four sweet sorghum genotypes were cultivated in a greenhouse at five different NaCl concentrations (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%). The results revealed that increasing NaCl levels dramatically affected seed germination (first part), plant height, diameter, and stalk yield (second part). Germination was less than 80% at NaCl concentrations of 0.4% or higher, while stalk yield was reduced by 40% at 0.2% NaCl. At 0.8% NaCl, plants were unable to produce juice. As soil salinity increased, NaCl levels in the juice climbed, resulting in a considerable decrease in ethanol productivity. Ethanol production decreased by up to 14% at 0.6% NaCl, while plants at 0.8% NaCl produced no ethanol. Correlation research discovered that total soluble solids, plant height, and stalk yield were favorably associated with ethanol yield, however NaCl concentration in the juice had a negative effect on ethanol productivity. The findings suggest that sweet sorghum is extremely susceptible to salty soil conditions, making cultivation and ethanol generation in saline areas challenging. This work emphasizes the need for additional research on salt-tolerant sorghum varieties and yeast strains to boost bioethanol production in saline soils.
Submitted: 06/05/2025 | Revised: 23/06/2025 | Accepted: 21/08/2025
Pages 1057-1065 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p339
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Effects of cooking methods on the physico-chemical properties, bioactive components and anti-nutritional factors of Dioscorea alata L. cultivar “bètè bètè”
Michel Archange Libra*, Sylvie Assoi, Patricia Penan Dehegnan Oulaï, Bio Sigui Bruno Bamba, Séverin Kouakou Konan, Lucien Patrice Kouamé
Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Agroresources and Natural Substances, Biochemistry and Genetic department, UFR of Biological Sciences, Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University, Box-office 1328 Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire)
Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, UFR of Sciences and Food Technologies, Nangui Abrogoua University, PO Box 02 BP 801 Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire.
ORCID of corresponding author: 0009-0005-8948-5757
Abstract: Cooking is a thermal unit operation that causes many changes in food. Thus, this study investigated the effect of two cooking methods (boiling and roasting) on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds and anti-nutritional factor contents in Dioscorea alata cv “bètè-bètè” using standard procedures and methods. Results showed that both methods significantly affected this yam’s properties. They resulted in a drop in water content with a slightly acidic pH. In addition, boiling decreased protein content by 36.35% but increased the fiber content by 6.2% more than roasting, while both methods increased the carbohydrate content by 5.45%, and an increase in energy value by 0.59% and 3.17% was observed with boiling and roasting respectively. With the bioactive compounds, a similar decrease in total polyphenol (39.30%) was observed with both methods but the roasting completely degraded the flavonoids although the antioxidant activity was high compared to the rawe. Furthermore, both methods resulted in a similar decrease in phytic acid (2.99%) and oxalate (20%), but the reduction of tannins was 24.53% higher with boiling. For minerals, a decrease in iron, calcium and zinc contents was observed with boiling (16.67%) and roasting (4.81% and 12.5%) respectively. Additionally, a higher increase in potassium (0.89%) and sodium (81.51%) was observed with boiling and roasting respectively. However, roasting increased phosphorus (51.57%) and decreased magnesium (3.16%), whereas boiling decreased phosphorus and increased magnesium. Ultimately, both cooking methods have different effects on the properties of Dioscorea alata cv “Bètè-bête”, consumers must be aware to choose the one that suits their needs.
Submitted: 06/05/2025 | Revised: 02/06/2025 | Accepted: 25/06/2025
Pages 1066-1071 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p380
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Vegetative growth and characteristic of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the first and second generation with different light intensity
Ana Fauziah, Laras Khairunisa, Zidna Ilma Salsabila, Ricky Juniardi, Makmun Murod, Bambang Suwignyo*
Graduate School, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-7668
Abstract: This study aimed to measure the effect of light intensity on the vegetative growth of the first and second generation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Completely randomized design nested patterns were used in this research with two different light intensities and 2 different generations of the alfalfa. The alfalfa used was 2-year-old at 14th regrowth stage which was already planted in a glass dome at Forage and Pasture Laboratory. Light intensity was distinguished by using shade (shading net 65%) and without shade. Plants watering was done once a day in the afternoon, and monitoring was done every week, starting at the 1st week after defoliation until the plant age of 4 weeks. The variables observed were vegetative growth (plant height, plant length, number of branches, and number of leaves), productivity (biomass production), and nutrient content (dry matter content, organic matter, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude protein). The results of this study showed that light intensity had a significant effect (P <0.05) on all of the alfalfa vegetative growth parameters and productions of fresh alfalfa, whereas differences of alfalfa generation did not have significant effect (P> 0.05). The research results can be concluded that 100% light intensity resulted in higher vegetative growth and fresh production performance than 35% light intensity, while the first and second generations had relatively the same vegetative growth performance. The second generation produces higher fresh production than the first generation.
Submitted: 15/06/2025 | Revised: 25/08/2025 | Accepted: 26/08/2025
Pages 1072-1077 | Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.10.p382