Evaluation of seed sett ages and stem segment position on sugarcane yield and yield related traits
Darika Bunphan*, Ruchuon Wanna, Wanwipa Pinta, Chorkaew Aninbon, Goitseone Malambane
Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Resource Management in Agricultural Technology Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Faculty of Natural Resources Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakonnakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plays a vital role in tropical and sub-tropical economies due to its high sucrose content, bioenergy potential, and drought resistance. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of different seed sett (seed material) ages and variations in stem position of the seed setts on both yield and yield related traits of sugarcane cv. Khon Kaen3 (KK3). The experiment was laid out by 3×3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Factor A represented sugarcane seed sett ages (8, 9 and 10 months old), factor B represented different stem positions where seed setts segments were sectioned out (basal, mid and top part) and- used as planting material (clones). Agronomic management was administered at recommended rates and the growth, development and yield traits were observed. The results showed that seed sett ages influenced the number of tillers at specific growth stages, while different segments affected leaf area (LA) and stalk fresh weight. Seed sett age and position showed significant interactions for some traits. Notably, juice yield was significantly affected by both seed sett ages and segments, with the combination of 10-month-old seed setts and the middle segment yielding the highest juice. Brix value, a crucial trait for sugar production, remained unaffected by these factors. Dry matter accumulation was inconsistent, with seed sett ages impacting stalk dry weight. In conclusion, the results showed that most growth and development traits were not influenced by seed sett ages and stem position segments, but most importantly juice yield at maturity was influenced by seed sett age and position of stem segments. These findings enhance our understanding of sugarcane cultivation practices, offering valuable insights for optimizing planting strategies in the sugarcane industry.
Submitted: 23/09/2023 | Revised: 04/02/2024 | Accepted: 11/06/2024
Pages 508-517 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p23
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Guava ripening and quality in response to pre-harvest boron spraying
Vitor Hugo Artigiani Filho*, Sarita Leonel, Fernando Ferrari Putti, Rafaelly Calsavara Martins, Rafael Bibiano Ferreira
São Paulo State University, UNESP, School of Agriculture, Department of Crop Production, Zip Code 18.610-307, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
São Paulo State University, UNESP, School of Sciences and Engineering, Zip Code 17.602-496, Tupã, São Paulo, Brazil
Abstract: The physiological process of guava fruit ripening is difficult to manage in orchards. Boron (B) is a nutritional element with a physiological effect on fruit ripening through its role in ascorbate metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of single boron pre-harvest spraying on fruit ripening and post-harvest. The treatments consisted of B-monoethanolamine (MEA) sprays (11% B) at concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 2, and 3ml L-1. Foliar sprays were applied on guava trees cv. Cortibel RG, at the physiological stage Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) 78 (fruits at 80% of final growth). The study used a randomized block design with five replicates. Fruits were harvested 5, 8, 15, and 17 days after B-MEA spraying. The nutritional content was assessed in the leaves and fruits. The fruits were analyzed for ascorbic acid content (AA), total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, titratable acidity, soluble solids, ripeness index, total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and total anthocyanins. Moreover, the fruit weight, length and diameter were measured and yield were assessed. Fruit firmness and mass loss were evaluated post-harvest. The data showed an increase in ascorbic acid content in the fruit in all treatments with B-MEA sprays. Spraying B-MEA 3 ml L-1, or 180.84 g ha-1, increased the earliness and standardization of ripening, which took place over a shorter period of time, maintaining firmness and reducing post-harvest fruit mass loss.
Submitted: 13/10/2023 | Revised: 29/01/2024 | Accepted: 11/06/2024
Pages 518-527 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p33
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Acaricidal and anticholinesterase activities of ethanol extracts from low-quality green and roasted Coffea arabica beans
Antonia Isadora Fernandes, Maria das Graças Cardoso*, Luís Roberto Batista, Marcus Vinicius Prado Alves, Vanuzia Rodrigues Fernandes Ferreira, Cassia Duarte Oliveira, Isaac Filipe Moreira Konig, Rafael Neodini Remedio, David Lee Nelson, Pâmela Aparecida dos Santos
Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, 37200-900, MG, Brazil
Food Sciences Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, 37200-900, MG, Brazil
Veterinary Medicine Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, 37200-900, MG, Brazil
Postgraduate Program in Biofuels, Federal University of The Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, 39100-000, MG, Brazil
Abstract: The acaricidal and enzymatic inhibition potentials of extracts from lower quality green (GC) and roasted (RC) coffee beans were analyzed. Coffee extracts were obtained using the solid-liquid reflux technique, in a 1:5 ratio. The extracts were characterized by HPLC and the compounds were identified by comparison with the retention times of the standards used. Acaricidal activity was assessed by the Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition was determined by monitoring the formation of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate. For every 100 g of plant material, yields equal to 3.44% and 13.34% were obtained for green and roasted coffees, respectively. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids were present in concentrations equal to 43.75 mg g-1 and 15.1 mg g-1 for green coffee, respectively, whereas concentrations equivalent to 4.5 mg g-1 and 0.019 mg g-1 were observed for roasted coffee. An efficient acaricidal activity was observed with all the doses of the extracts analyzed when compared with the water and Tween control groups, with a high mortality for all the individuals and a reduction in oviposition. Enzyme inhibition was observed at all the concentrations tested, with mean inhibitory concentrations equal to 0.2980 mg mL-1 for green coffee extracts and 0.1991 mg mL-1 for roasted coffee. Thus, green and roasted coffee extracts from lower quality beans can be used to develop new organic products.
Submitted: 13/01/2024 | Revised: 21/02/2024 | Accepted: 22/02/2024
Pages 528-534 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p4107
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Effect of alternating temperature regimes on seed germination of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]
Carlos Manuel Gaspar Reis*, Carlos Manuel Valente Justino, Maria da Graça Diogo
Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, School of Agriculture, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS) – Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
Plant Biotech Center of Beira Interior (CBPBI), School of Agriculture, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
Abstract: Guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] 2n=14, is an annual crop that belongs to the Fabaceae family and has a spring–summer growth cycle. This species has been assuming increasing importance among agro-industrial crops due to the high galactomannan content of its seeds for which a multitude of food and non-food applications have been developed. Guar is a viable rotation crop for growers in Mediterranean areas and can result in diversification in crop production systems. The effects of four alternating day/night temperature regimens on C. tetragonoloba seed germination were tested: (T1) 23/15 °C, (T2) 21/13 °C, (T3) 19/ 11 °C, and (T4) 17/09 °C with a 16/08 h light/dark photoperiod, respectively. Seeds from two guar cultivars (RGC-0936 and RGC-1066) were used. Treatments consisted of four replicates of 50 seeds each, arranged in a split-plot design with temperatures as the main plot and cultivars as the subplot. The results showed that lower temperatures reduced guar seed germination. The highest germination percentages were obtained at the 21/13 °C and 23/15 °C temperature regimens, while a significant drop in germination percentage occurred for the 19/11 °C treatment, and the lowest germination percentages were observed at 17/09 °C. No statistically significant differences were found between the two cultivars studied for seed germination percentages. The interaction effects among the different alternative temperature regimes on seed germination and guar cultivars were not statistically significantly different. The values obtained at the 21/13 °C temperature treatment allow us to conclude that this regimen is the minimum acceptable combination of temperatures to program the sowing date.
Submitted: 03/12/2023 | Revised: 22/02/2024 | Accepted: 22/03/2024
Pages 535-538 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p62
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Quantitative eco-anatomical analysis reveals distinctive stem traits of six Cannabis sativa cultivars in Rif Mountains (Northern Morocco)
Ismail El Bakali*, Soufian Chakkour, Samir El Bakali, Aboubakr Boutahar, Mohamed Kadiri, Abderrahmane Merzouki
Laboratory of Applied Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetuan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Mhannech II. 93002, Tetuan, Morocco
Laboratory of Biology, Ecology, and Health, FS, Abdelamlek Essaadi University, Mhannech II. 93002, Tetuan, Morocco
Marine Ecotoxicology Team, Department of chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tetuan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Mhannech II. 93002, Tetuan, Morocco
Abstract: Cannabis sativa stands out as an important crop with significant socioeconomic importance in the Rif Mountains of North Morocco. Recently the number of new cultivars developed in this region has gradually increased for different purposes. In this current study, we delve into the eco-anatomical characteristics of stems across six of the most prevalent Cannabis sativa cultivars in Morocco: ‘Avocat’, ‘Beldiya’, ‘Critical Plus’, ‘Industriel’, ‘Khardala’, and ‘Mexicana’. The investigation encompasses the measurement and analysis of six key eco-anatomical traits: plant height, stem diameter, vessel size, vessel density, number of vessels joined in radial files, and coefficient of hydraulic conductivity. Our aim is to elucidate the variations among these cultivars and underscore their agricultural and ecological relevance. Through anatomical examinations of stem cross-sections, our findings reveal notable disparities and distinctive features among the cultivars. The ‘Khardala’ cultivar exhibits the highest values across most measured eco-anatomical traits, while ‘Beldiya’ and ‘Mexicana’ show similar trait values, particularly with low stem diameter and vessel density. In contrast, ‘Industriel’ stands out with the lowest vessel size and highest vessel density. ‘Critical Plus’ and ‘Avocat’ closely resemble ‘Khardala’ in vessel size and stem diameter. Regarding hydraulic conductivity, ‘Khardala’ ranks highest, followed by ‘Avocat’ and ‘Critical Plus’, while ‘Industriel’ registers the lowest. Our findings underscore increased water demand and uptake potential in ‘Khardala’, ‘Critical Plus’, and ‘Avocat’, contrasting with ‘Industriel’, ‘Beldiya’, and ‘Mexicana’. Anatomical diversity among Cannabis cultivars in our study likely stems from genetic lineage and ecological adaptation.
Submitted: 07/12/2023 | Revised: 20/03/2024 | Accepted: 22/03/2024
Pages 539-546 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p65
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Pattern of flower and fruit abscision and fruit growth of hass avocado under tropical conditions
Alexander Rebolledo Roa*, Ronal Arturo Burbano Díaz, Clara Inés Medina Cano
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Zip code 763533, Palmira, Valle del cauca, Colombia
ORCID: 0009-0006-6484-6699
Abstract: Research elucidating abscission processes in fruits of Hass avocados has been conducted in production areas in the subtropics, but there are few studies under tropical climate conditions that can serve as a starting point to guide suitable management practices. In a seven-year-old commercial orchard of Hass avocados, grafted onto native rootstocks (Antillean rootstocks), 20 trees were evaluated. A weather station installed on-site monitored the climate of the location. The pattern of fruit growth and development, flower and fruit abscission, and yield variables were characterized. More than 145,000 and 270,000 flowers abscised per tree were recorded, with final fruit sets of 0.1 ± 0.009% and 0.19 ± 0.04% in the first and second crop years, respectively. Fruit growth followed a sigmoid curve with no differences in growing degree-days until the time of harvest. Additionally, the alternate bearing behavior of Hass avocado was confirmed with an average yield of 24.3 ± 4.5 kg/tree and 93.3 ± 9.5 kg/tree for the first and second crop years, respectively, finding an average alternate bearing index of 0.74 ± 0.06.
Submitted: 26/11/2023 | Revised: 26/04/2024 | Accepted: 28/04/2024
Pages 547-554 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p77
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Perspectives of adopting integrated weed management in Brazil
Geide A. Figueiredo Junior, Andréia C.S. Hirata, Bianca A.B. Martins, Patricia A. Monquero*
CSBP Fertilisers, Kwinana Beach WA, Australia
São Paulo Agency for Agribusiness Technology, São Paulo State Government, Brazil
Global Herbicide Research - Herbicide Tolerance Trait Development at Bayer, Germany
Weed Science, The Federal University of São Carlos - Brazil
Abstract: Extensive agricultural production areas have made Brazil a key global producer of food and fibres, and a major consumer of herbicides. The country also excels in the field of genetically modified crops. However, challenges like limited technical support for small stakeholders and economic factors have made weed resistance problematic across various cropping systems in Brazil. Despite its growing importance, integrated weed management still faces hurdles in its full adoption. This paper discusses integrated weed management techniques within Brazil's production chains and explores management possibilities within the current technological and economic frameworks. A literature review focused on integrated weed management and its adoption in Brazilian cropping systems was conducted. It is crucial to note that the choice of integrated management techniques should be based on local conditions and challenges, technological levels, and a balance of cost, productivity, sustainability, and diversity. The paper also covers the dynamics of integrated management in response to climate change and emphasizes the significance of community involvement and education. It highlights recent and emerging technologies for managing herbicide-resistant weeds, and how this knowledge can advance integrated weed management in Brazil.
Submitted: 10/01/2024 | Revised: 25/04/2024 | Accepted: 28/04/2024
Pages 555-563 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p87
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Sensory and organoleptic assessment from the byproducts of mamoncillo or quenepa Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq: Alternative food processing and morpho-physiological characterization of the fruit
Juan Carlos Calderón López*, Sarawut Thepanondh, Kampanad Bhaktikul
Faculty of Public Health, Department of Sanitary Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Faculty of Environment and Research Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sonsonate University, El Salvador
ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-3327
Abstract: This research aims to analyze the morpho-physiological characteristics of ripe fruit and assess the feasibility and acceptability of agro-industrial byproducts derived from mamoncillo or quenepa (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq) fruit. In addition to this, it was considered to be the optimal harvest point, which begins at 69% of the Maturity Index. In addition, evaluations of the chemical and morphological characteristics were carried out. To gather analytical scales and calibrator data, the two ripeness phases were analyzed and compared, using the maturity index to establish the optimal harvest point. Ripe fruits have increased shell, juice, pulp, seed, length, width, and thickness than unripe fruits, with 69% maturity being best. Further, it is possible to use the pulp of Melicoccus bijugatus to make syrup, jam, or jelly among other things. For this reason, the hedonic test was conducted with panelists who had not received any prior training in order to ascertain the level of acceptance of these innovative products. The analyses showed that the highest rank given through the panelists by the hedonic test and ranks of taste was "P-2 Pattern-2" with an X = 55.5 (Rank) which is a substitute pattern "Lychee in syrup", the second-highest was X = 52 which is "T-1 Treatment i.e. Melicoccus bijugatus Jelly"' followed by "T-2 Treatment i.e. M. bijugatus in syrup" with X = 51 Rank. According to the findings of the statistical analysis, the various agro-industrial byproducts derived from Melicoccus bijugatus were positively received.
Submitted: 10/01/2024 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Revised: 25/04/2024 | Accepted: 28/04/2024
Pages 564-573 | https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p91
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Extraction and chemical constituents of the essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Corymbia citriodora
Cristiano Sartori Baiotto, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Alessandro Hermann, Luana Maria Corrêa Baiotto, Simony Costa Beber, Ana Paula Weber Fell, Alana Thais Gisch Andres, Gabriela Matte Bertoldi, Lenara Schalanski Krause, Christiane de Fatima Colet
Regional University of the Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil. Street of Comércio 3000, Universitário, Ijuí/RS, Brazil
Abstract: The essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson leaves have chemical constituents with fungicide potential. The objective of this work was to determine the yield and the main chemical compounds of the essential oils of these species. Plants of the two species were georeferenced and collected in municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, and identified in the Botany Laboratory of UNIJUÍ. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and the yield was based on fresh vegetable mass. The analyses of the chemical constituents were determined by CG-MS. A yield of 0.49% was obtained for R. officinalis and of 1.54% for C. citriodora. Similar to other studies, the major constituents of rosemary essential oil were camphor, 1,8-cineol, canfene and α-pineno, and the ones of eucalyptus essential oil were citronelal, isopulegol and citronelol. It is concluded that the chemical constituents are similar to those reported in the literature and the essential oil yield of the species is low and dependent on external conditions.
Submitted: 29/01/2024 | Revised: 20/06/2024 | Accepted: 28/06/2024
Pages 574-579 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p110
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Transient salinity stress promotes secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes in Brassica plants
Vu Phong Lam, Jiwon Bae, Seunghwan Hong, Jongseok Park*
Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
Department of Agronomy, Tay Bac University, Son La 360000, Vietnam
Abstract: This study investigated salinity stress time-dependent responses of pak choi (Brassica campestris L.), arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.), and red frill (Brassica juncea L.), focusing on growth parameters, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activities. Salinity stress (NaCl) solution with electrical conductivity (EC) of 12.6 dS∙m⁻¹ was introduced to the rhizosphere at the specific time: from 2:00 pm on day 6 to 2:00 pm on day 7 (1st week (W)), 2:00 pm on day 13 to 2:00 pm on day 14 (2nd W), and 2:00 pm on day 20 to 2:00 pm on day 21 (3rd W). Plant growth parameters were assessed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplantation (WAT), showing detailed changes over time. Pak choi exhibited a significant increase in biomass at 2nd W, whereas arugula and red frill showed no marked differential reactions. Glucosinolates (GLS), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities were analyzed at 2 and 3 WAT. Maximum GLS concentrations in pak choi and arugula plants occurred in the 3rd W under 3 WAT. Phenolic concentrations in the arugula peaked under the 2nd W treatment. Regarding pak choi, the 1st W treatment at 3 WAT and 2nd W treatment at 2 WAT exhibited maximum DPPH scavenging activity and peroxidase (POD). The 2nd W treatment at 2 WAT indicated the highest total phenol concentration and POD activity in arugula. Red frill exhibited significantly elevated total glucosinolate concentrations under salinity conditions at 3rd W. This analysis reveals how salinity stress affects growth and biochemical responses in these vegetables, offering insights for optimizing cultivation under saline conditions.
Submitted: 19/03/2024 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| Revised: 23/07/2024 | Accepted: 30/07/2024
Pages 580-590 | https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p144
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Efficient and rapid in vitro micropropagation of MD2 and H4 pineapple varieties
Oumar SILUE*, Samuel Kouadio Oi KOUADIO, Koffi Honoré KOUAME, Emmanuel ZRAN, Mah TOURE, Modeste Kan KOUASSI
Central Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agronomic Research Center (CNRA), Abidjan, 01 BP 1740 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2695-6127
Biological Sciences Department, Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University, B.P. 1328 Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1308-8597
Sciences and Technology Training and Research Unit, Alassane Ouattara University, 01 BP V 18 Bouaké 01, Côte d’Ivoire
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Agriculture et Valorisation de Ressources Naturelles, UPR de Physiologie et Pathologie Végétales, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny d’Abidjan, 08 BP 1085 Abidjan 08, Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract: Pineapple plays an important role in international trade and supports of more than a million households in Côte d’Ivoire. However, its yield is subject to pedoclimatic problems and erosion of genetic potential of plant material. This study aims to establish an effective in vitro yield protocol for MD2 and H4 pineapple varieties. Therefore, the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) combined with different concentrations of 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP), with variable light intensity and activated charcoal on leaf shoot proliferation and elongation were tested. Analysis of variance revealed that Murashige and Skoog medium (MSB5) supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP combined with 0.25 mg/L 2-iP recorded the highest average number of microshoots (13.50 microshoots) in MD2 variety, while 2 mg/L of BAP combined with 0.5 mg/L of 2-iP recorded the best average number of shoots (15.20 microshoots) in H4 variety. Maximum microshoot elongation (7.81 cm and 7.03 cm for MD2 and H4, respectively) was obtained with 2 mg/L BAP combined with 0.25 mg/L of 2-iP. Light intensity of 1500 lux produced 14.06 and 14.86 microshoots in MD2 and H4, respectively. In contrast, maximum microshoot elongation (4.40 cm and 4.13 cm in MD2 and H4, respectively) was recorded at 2000 lux light intensity. A 2 g/L of activated charcoal inhibited microshoot proliferation. However, it induced an elongation of 7.50 cm in MD2 and 7.07 cm in H4. Microshoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 100 mg/L myo-inositol, 30 g/L sucrose, 200 mg/L glutamine, 1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2 g/L activated charcoal, all solidified with 6g/L agar. In conclusion, the combination of 2 mg/L BAP and 2-iP (0.25 - 0.5 mg/L) is recommended for better in vitro shoot proliferation in MD2 and H4 varieties. Light intensities of 1500 - 2000 lux are ideal for better shoot proliferation and elongation. Finally, the addition of 2 g/L activated charcoal to the medium improves shoot elongation and rooting in MD2 and H4 varieties.
Submitted: 25/03/2024 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Revised: 25/07/2024 | Accepted: 28/07/2024
Pages 591-597 | https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p153
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Identification of land fertility and farmer income after an earthquake natural disaster
Bunga Elim Somba*, Isrun, Effendy
Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia
Department of Agriculture Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia
Abstract: Liquefaction is a phenomenon where saturated sand and silt take on the characteristics of a liquid during the intense shaking of an earthquake. It takes place when a quake has increased water pressure in saturated soil and made particles in the soil lose contact with each other, making the soil, particularly sandy soil, act like a liquid. On September 28, 2018, an earthquake was occurred which caused liquefaction and a tsunami in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This incident triggered a new phenomenon, namely liquefaction in several residential areas in Palu City, especially in the Balaroa and Petobo areas. The liquefaction phenomenon in Petobo Village caused changes in the shape of the land surface. The changes that occurred had an impact on decreasing soil fertility levels in the area along with low crop production and decreased farmer incomes. Soil fertility is a quality value of the soil's ability to provide nutrients for growth. This research aims to determine the level of fertility of agricultural land and the amount of farmer income as well as the best efforts to overcome changes in agricultural land after natural disasters. This research used a descriptive method with a population of all farmers living in the Petobo area affected by the earthquake and liquefaction. There were 25 informants who were determined using a purposive sampling technique. Soil samples were analyzed at the Soil Science laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. The method used in this study is a direct survey method in the field, then continued soil sampling at several points according to the coordinate points carried out by purposive sampling techniques. The status of soil chemical properties at 4 sample points affected by liquefaction and 2 sample point not affected by liquefaction in Petobo Village, which classified as very low to very high. Areas affected by liquefaction had neutral to slightly alkaline soil pH content, very low to low C-organic content, very low N-total content, very high P-total content, low K-total content, and have medium to high CEC content. Meanwhile, areas that are not affected by liquefaction had neutral soil pH content, very low to low C-organic content, very low N-total content, very high P-total content, low K-total content, and have medium to high CEC. The low level of soil fertility in this area means that crop production is also low. Changes in the amount of income experienced by affected farmers who initially had around 77.26 USD- 186.71 USD/month declined to 61.16 USD-77.26/month. This is due to changes in the polarization of farmers' work. Actions that can be implemented to increase soil fertility are correct soil management, use of organic fertilizers such as compost, manure, harvest residues such as (legume plant stover, rice straw) and the addition of chemical fertilizers according to the dosage.
Submitted: 30/05/2024 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Revised: 10/09/2024 | Accepted: 18/09/2024
Pages 598-604 | https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p216
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Agronomic features of introduced Argan tree in eastern of Morocco and optimization of their propagation
Salah-eddine Azizi*, Mohammed Dalli, Mohammed Roubi, Abdelbasset Berrichi, Nadia Gseyra
Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University of Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
Laboratory of Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University of Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
Abstract: Argania spinosa or argan is an endemic plant of Morocco that belongs to sapotaceae family. This species has significant ecological and socioeconomical impact in Morocco and is mainly recognized by argan oil that is very known for its nutritional quality and health benefits. Our study aims to elaborate an agronomical and pomological characterization of introduced argan trees in Oujda, Morocco (about 200 trees, 10 years old), select high-performance clone heads based on their productivity and stability criteria, by measuring various productivity parameters over a tree years study period (fresh fruit production, almonds production and oil production), and successfully propagate them asexually using apical grafting technique in controlled condition ( phytotron ) with the aim of stabilizing the high-performance clone. The obtained results indicated the existence of high diversity in terms of the various pomological parameters assessed. Parallelly, productivity and profitability parameters, the average production of fresh fruits, almonds and oil per tree and per year was 8.62 kg, 0.253 kg and 0.133 L, respectively. While, the maximal production was 34.4 kg/year for fresh fruits production, 1.07 kg/year/tree for almonds, and 0.575 liter/year/tree oil produced. Regarding the propagation of these clones, the results showed that the grafting success rate depended on the mother stock and the season, with 100% success rate. The results obtained show that the argan tree is an adaptive species, and the most suitable grafting method for the argan tree is apical split grafting during the autumn season.
Submitted: 08/06/2024 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| Revised: 06/09/2024 | Accepted: 10/09/2024
Pages 605-612 | https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.09.p225