Growth and yield of cassava in low fertility Latosol soil with various doses of NPK fertilizer
Suwarto, Gani Nurrazaq, Ikhlasul Amal, Said Arsandi Naim Harahap, Ridwan Diaguna
Departement of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Juanda University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Abstract: High cassava productivity needs adequate soil nutrients. This study is to determine the optimum dose of NPK fertilizer in cassava on Latosol soil with low fertility. This experiment used the dose of NPK fertilizer as a single treatment factor. Five treatment levels of the fertilizer dose, namely 0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of NPK standard dose tested using a randomized block design and four replications. The NPK standard dose was 135-72-130 kg ha-1. The experimental plot of 8 m x 5 m was divided into 8 beds with a length of 5 m and planted with 40 cuttings. Fertilizer sources used were NPK (17-6-25), Urea (45% N), and SP-36 (36% P2O5). The three kinds of fertilizer were mixed and applied in the grooves around the plants at a distance of 10 cm. At planting time, the plants fertilized with 1/3 dose of NPK (17-6-25), 1/2 dose of Urea, and 1 dose of SP-36. At 2 months after planting (MAP), the plants fertilized with 1/3 dose of NPK (17-6-25) and 1/2 dose of Urea. The 1/3 dose of NPK (17-6-25) fertilized to plants at 4 MAP. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, lobe length, and lobe width were observed every month from 2 to 5 MAP. The number and weight of tubers were observed at 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 MAP. There was a quadratic response of stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tubers, and tuber weight to the dose of NPK. The response of the variable is used to determine the optimum NPK dose. The optimum NPK dose of cassava on Latosol low fertile soil is 126% of the standard NPK dose, namely 170 kg N, 91 kg P, and 164 kg K per hectare. The optimum NPK dose produced 53.8 tons ha-1 of cassava tubers.
Submitted: 30/12/2023 | Revised: 09/02/2024 | Accepted: 15/02/2024
Pages 613-619 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p04
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Evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of bean and maize seeds treated with Ocimum gratissimum extracts and eugenol-pure oil nanoemulsion
Juliana Trindade Lima, Antonio Fernando de Souza, Isabela Brunoro, Letícia Martins De Araujo, Hildegardo Seibert França*
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brasil
Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo - campus Santa Teresa, CEP 29660-000, Santa Teresa, ES, Brasil
Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo – campus Vila Velha, CEP 29106-010, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
Abstract: The study aimed to assess the fungicidal potential of ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts from Ocimum gratissimum leaves and eugenol-pure nanoemulsion in the preservation and viability of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) seeds during storage. Seeds were soaked in 5mg/mL ethanolic extract solution, 5mg/mL dichloromethane extract solution, and 5% eugenol nanoemulsion, followed by storage in plastic containers at room temperature for 60 days. Fungi presence was noted in the seeds, prompting evaluation. Methyl thiophanate was used as a positive control and water as a negative control. Vigor analysis used filter paper as a substrate pre- and post-storage. Effects of extracts on seed germination, germination speed index, first germination number, emergence, emergence speed index, root length, and stem length were also analyzed. The fungal diversity analysis demonstrated the presence of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus fungi in all treatments. For beans, eugenol nanoemulsion (4.4%) showed greater pathogen reduction, while for maize, ethanolic (40.4%) and dichloromethane (43.0%) extracts were more effective. Post-storage, bean seeds treated with ethanolic extract displayed a 98.6% germination rate, while maize seeds had an 84.6% rate. However, both dichloromethane extract and eugenol nanoemulsion negatively impacted seed vigor in both crops. Results suggest that ethanolic extract from O. gratissimum leaves could be a viable alternative for protecting seeds from fungi during storage while maintaining germination ability.
Submitted: 09/02/2024 | Revised: 05/07/2024 | Accepted: 06/07/2024
Pages 620-627 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p45
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Allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus urograndis on lettuce and Brazilian native forest species of Cedrela fissilis Vell.
Maria Gabriela Marques de Souza, Viviana Borges Corte, Elias Terra Werner, Hildegardo Seibert França*
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Vitória, ES, Brazil
Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
Abstract: The Eucalyptus urograndis is widely used in Brazil, including in agroforestry systems. Cedrela fissilis is a potential plant species to be used in agroforestry systems or intercropped with E. urograndis. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the allelopathic potential of the hybrid on this species. This work aimed to investigate the allelopathic potential of E. urograndis leaves and litter on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa and Cedrela fissilis species. Leaves and litter were collected and extracted with ethanol to obtain crude extracts (CEE), which were then fractionated to obtain hexane (FHex), dichloromethane (FDCM), ethyl acetate (FAcOH), butanol (FBuOH) and aqueous (FAq) fractions. For the allelopathic potential assay, the samples were tested for percentage of germination (%G), germination speed index (GSI), shoot and root length and dry mass of seedlings using a triple-factorial design (2 x 6 x 5). Sample concentrations were of 1.25; 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L using L. sativa and C. fissilis seeds with 5 replicates of 20 seeds for each. Gas chromatography (GC/MS) was used to analyse the most active samples. The CEE, FHex and FDCM samples of leaves and litter had a negative effect on the variables analyzed for L. sativa and C. fissilis. The FAcOH, FBuOH and FAq fractions influenced the initial growth of the plant’s seeds. FDCM was more active in the reduction of germination and inhibition of initial growth of both species. Lactuca sativa and Cedrela fissilis were negatively affected by the leaves and litter of Eucalyptus urograndis.
Submitted: 09/01/2024 | Revised: 29/02/2024 | Accepted: 06/03/2024
Pages 628-635 | Read article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF | https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p50
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Cover crops affect the mineral nutrition of cocoa trees in full-sun cultivation system
Jonas Olimpio de Lima Silva, Jaqueline Dalla Rosa*, João Carlos Medeiros, George Andrade Sodré, Paulo Cesar Lima Marrocos, Luiz Roberto Martins Pinto, Carlos Eduardo Pereira
Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
Abstract: Cover crops improve physical, chemical, and biological quality of the soil. However, in full-sun cocoa cultivation, this practice still requires evaluation. This study evaluated soil fertility and mineral nutrition of cocoa trees in full-sun system intercropped with cover crops in the initial phase of implementation. The experiment was conducted in full-sun cocoa cultivation system, with two years of implementation of the clone of cocoa trees CEPEC 2002. The soil of the experimental area is a Typic Hapludalfs. The climate of the region, is hot and humid tropical forest without dry season and the regional relief is characterized as undulating, with altitude of 60 m. The study evaluated cover crops (brachiaria, fabaceas, spontaneous vegetation, and uncovered soil (desiccated)) in two experimental years, 2020 and 2021. Soil sampling was carried in layer of 0-20 cm and cocoa leaves were collected in 2020 and 2021 for nutritional composition evaluation (macro and micronutrients). The brachiaria treatment increased potassium levels in the soil approximately 3 times compared to initial levels. The use of cover crops in cacao full-sun cultivation systems decreased foliars nitrogen and zinc and increased potassium levels in the evaluated years. But, the potassium remained below the appropriate levels for the crop. The study still needs a longer period to comprove the results observed, at this early stage, by use of the cover crops in soil fertility and nutrition of cocoa trees, in full-sun systems.
Submitted: 24/11/2023 | Revised: 08/03/2024 | Accepted: 11/06/2024
Pages 636-642 | Read article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF | https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p51
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Effectiveness of principal component analysis on optimization of N:P:K fertilization on various maize varieties
Rusnadi Padjung, Muh Farid*, Hari Iswoyo, Ifayanti Ridwan, Muhammad Farid Maricar, Ahmad Fauzan Adzima, Muhammad Fuad Anshori, Amin Nur, Abd Muis
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Indonesian Cereal Testing Instrument Standard Institute, Jl. Maros, Indonesia
Biology Education Department, Makassar State University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Abstract: Maize cultivation through the interaction of fertilizer and variety has been widely studied. However, the focus has been mainly on the yield, even though it is greatly influenced by many factors. This indicates that maize cultivation needs to involve several combinations of selection characters in its evaluations, such as those through principal component analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PCA and to detect the interaction pattern between each variety to the fertilizer dose. The study was organized in a split-plot design. The main plot was the N:P:K fertilizer dose consisting of 5 levels (60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, and 140%), while the subplots consisted of seven maize varieties (Sinhas I, Jakarin 1, Nasa 29, HJ 36, Bisi 18, ADV and NK 212). The whole combination was repeated three times, resulting in 105 treatment units. Based on the results of this study, PCA was considered effective in evaluating fertilizer and varieties interaction. The PCA determination values (R2) were relatively higher on several varieties than only based on the yield. Jakarin, HJ 36, Bisi 18 and ADV varieties had a good response with increasing fertilizer doses. Especially, Bisi 18 and ADV varieties can be recommended for high fertilizer doses. Meanwhile, the NK 212 variety is recommended for the general fertilizer dose in alluvial soil of tropical climate in South Sulawesi (N:P:K (200:150:100) kg ha-1).
Submitted: 21/11/2023 | Revised: 07/02/2024 | Accepted: 24/04/2024
Pages 643-649 | Read article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary data PDF | https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p52
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Table grape harvested sequentially twice a year in a subtropical climate
Lenon Romano Modesto, Luiz Antonio Junqueira Teixeira, José Luiz Hernandes, Armando Reis Tavares, Mara Fernandes Moura Furlan*
Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Centro APTA de Frutas, Avenida Luiz Pereira dos Santos, 1500, Corrupira, 13214-820 - Jundiaí, SP, Brazil
Abstract: Harvesting table grapes twice yearly presents a viable opportunity for winegrowers seeking to increase profitability and extend fruit availability in the market. In this study, we aimed to assess the production and quality of the seeded grape Niagara Rosada, a table grape resulting from a natural mutation of Niagara with red fruit. The vineyard was 14 years old and not irrigated; the soil is classified as dystrophic Tb Haplic Cambisol, and the climate is humid subtropical with dry winter and warm summer. Vines were pruned twice a year, leading to harvests in 2015 and 2016 in both summer and winter (a total of 760 days). Throughout the experiment, we monitored various climatic conditions, such as rainfall, air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature range, degree-day accumulation, and Huglin index values. We evaluated yield and fruit quality, including the number of branches and bunches, as well as the weight and size of the bunches and berries. Additionally, we assessed the quality of the must, examining soluble solids, acidity, and the maturation index for each harvest. We observed that higher rainfall and PAR during the summer harvest resulted in increased grape production compared to winter harvest. Niagara Rosada produced two branches and four bunches more per plant during the summer than in the winter crop, increasing by 71.2% of grape production. Interestingly, however, fruit harvested in winter displayed better quality with a higher maturation index. Despite these differences, both summer and winter harvests met the quality standards for commercialization. In conclusion, our findings suggest that winegrowers can successfully harvest Niagara Rosada grapes twice a year under subtropical conditions, offering a feasible approach for increasing productivity and fruit availability within the market.
Submitted: 27/11/2023 | Revised: 0/03/2024 | Accepted: 25/03/2024
Pages 650-657 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p57
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Estimation of common bean (cultivar BRS Estilo) crop evapotranspiration by remote sensing using different albedo sources
Fillipe de Paula Almeida, José Alves Júnior*, Fábio Miguel Knapp, João Maurício Fernandes Souza, Antonio Heriberto de Castro Teixeira, Adão Wagner Pêgo Evangelista, Derblai Casaroli, Rafael Battisti
School of Agronomy, Department of Soil and Water, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Zip code 74.690.900, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) estimation by remote sensing is an innovative and promising option, due to its low cost and operation. It is an important tool for estimating ET and can be used to support decision-making. The origin and quality of images are fundamental for quality of information, as low spatial and temporal resolution of satellites directly impacts these customers. In this context, the objective of this study was to estimate the evapotranspiration of common bean crop using the SAFER algorithm in three different sources of albedo. The study was carried out in a bean cultivation area irrigated by central pivot, located in Itaberaí-GO Brazil in 2021. Images from a MicaSense Altum multispectral and thermal camera coupled to a drone and albedo images from Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2A satellites were used for ETa estimation. The data were compared with ET met by FAO method, Embrapa and climatological water balance by statistical indices. The correlation with standard methods was satisfactory, especially with FAO, and in general, the MSE (mean square error) and MAE (mean absolute error) adopted values smaller than 0.4mm day-1. The confidence index ranges from 0.91 to 0.97. The comparison of the ET values calculated from the multispectral and thermal camera and the three ways of calculating the surface albedo was considered satisfactory. Thus, the adaptation adopted in the SAFER algorithm for obtaining the albedo was efficient. The use of multispectral and thermal camera images with SAFER is an efficient tool in estimating the evapotranspiration of bean crop, and is capable of replacing the use of orbital images, which are limited by meteorological conditions and imaging frequency.
Submitted: 30/11/2023 | Revised: 18/06/2024 | Accepted: 21/06/2024
Pages 658-665 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p60
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The expression of the ZmDREB2A/2.1S and ZmPP2C genes is a potential marker for the detection of drought-tolerant maize at high planting densities
Danielle Rezende Vilela, Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho*, Wilson Vicente Souza Pereira, Edlânia Maria de Souza, Renzo Garcia Von Pinho, Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos, Viviana Ramírez Rios
Setor de Sementes/Departamento de Agricultura. Universidade Federal de Lavras. Rotary Roundabout Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n • P.O. Box 3037 • ZIP Code 37203-202 • Lavras/MG, Brazil
Setor de Grandes Culturas/Departamento de Agricultura. Universidade Federal de Lavras. Rotary Roundabout Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n • P.O. Box 3037 • ZIP Code 37203-202 • Lavras/MG, Brazil
Abstract: The efficacy of a breeding program hinges on its ability to swiftly select desirable lines, as the expression of some key genes is a rapid and efficient marker. Although a wide range of genes are involved in water deficit tolerance, their expression is of considerable interest in maize breeding programs. Thus, this research aimed to analyse the expression of several water deficit-related genes in two contrasting maize lines. Two contrasting lines for drought tolerance (L91-T – tolerant and L24-NT – nontolerant) were sown and grown at two densities—60 and 120 thousand plants/hectare. Leaves, stems, and adventitious roots were collected from these plants for the assays. The relative expression of ZmDREB2A/2.1S (LOC732788), ZmPP2C (LOC542176), CAT3 (LOC542370), and SOD (LOC100136885) was analysed through qRT‒PCR. Independent of the density, higher expression of ZmDREB2A/2.1S was observed for the tolerant line for all tissues collected. For ZmPP2C, greater expression was detected in the nontolerant line. The expression of both genes was greater in the leaves of 120 thousand plants/hectare. The expression of antioxidant system genes (CAT and SOD) was greater for the nontolerant line than for the nontolerant line at 120 thousand plants/hectare. In the search for potential markers for maize water deficit tolerance, with correct adaptations and further studies, the expression of ZmDREB2A/2.1S and ZmPP2C may be used for tolerant and nontolerant lines, respectively.
Submitted: 21/12/2023 | Revised: 21/04/2024 | Accepted: 08/06/2024
Pages 666-672 | Read article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p73
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Investigation of environmental aspects of various rubber-based farming systems in Thailand
Chaiya Kongmanee, Ferdoushi Ahmed*, Paratta Prommee
Department of Agribusiness Economics and Management, Faculty of Economics, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Songkhla, Thailand
Research Center for Fundamental Economic Development and Agricultural Economic Potential in the Southern Region, Thailand
Abstract: This study investigates various environmental aspects of different rubber farming systems (i.e. conventional monoculture, integrated rubber-based farming, and agroforestry plantations) across three regions, namely Northeast, East and South in Thailand. These regions are enriched with diverse soil types, weather conditions and a diverse spectrum of agricultural practices. The study conducted a cross-sectional survey in the above-mentioned regions to collect primary data from the selected respondents. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the samples. A total of 30 representative rubber farmers were interviewed using a structured and standardized questionnaire. In addition, the study employed qualitative methods to assess the environmental aspects of different rubber farming systems. Based on socio-economic and production criteria, the study identified five types of rubber farms, ranging from single-crop para-rubber to highly diversified operations. The analyses revealed that integrated rubber farms and rubber agroforestry farms demonstrated overall better performance compared to rubber monoculture farms, particularly in areas having higher organic matter content, DRC of rubber fresh latex, water holding capacity (WHC), and soil moisture. The study also found that ecosystem service ratings varied widely, with monoculture farms scoring low (1.98) and integrated systems scoring high (4.60). In addition, the study assessed the farmers’ desire/concern toward biodiversity of different rubber farming systems. The farmers expressed significant concern for biodiversity (average score is 4.23 indicating a consensus at the "very much" level). These findings highlight the environmental advantages of integrated rubber farming and agroforestry, emphasizing the need for sustainable, diverse approaches to rubber production in Thailand.
Submitted: 26/12/2023 | Revised: 07/08/2024 | Accepted: 08/08/2024
Pages 673-685 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p79
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Effects of gypsum, limestone and organic fertilizers on the properties of a Vertisol and sugarcane yield
Pedro Cairo Cairo*, Onelio Fundora Herrera, Bladimir Diaz Martin, Oralia Rodriguez Lopez
Universidad de Atacama, Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama (CRIDESAT), Copiapó, 1532000 Chile
Universidad Central de las Villas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santa Clara, 54830 Cuba
Abstract: The accelerated degradation of soils demands urgent study of recovery alternatives for their properties with sustainability criteria. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of amendment agents on vertisol and their relationship with sugarcane yield. Organic fertilizer (sugarcane filter cake-SFC), natural minerals (gypsum-limestone) and chemical fertilization (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-NPK) were applied as treatments. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design with ten treatments and four replicates. The following physical and chemical properties were evaluated: pH in water, pH in KCl, and organic matter, assimilable P2O5 and K2O, degree of soil aggregation, water-stable aggregates, permeability and plastic limit. The sugarcane yield components such as cane yield-CY (t ha-1) and sucrose yield-SY (t ha-1) were evaluated. Amendments of organo-mineral fertilizers with a chemical composition rich in calcium cause, in an acidic vertisol, produce significant increases in the pH, organic matter and assimilable phosphorus, as well as in the structure and their stability. The study of the relationships between physical and chemical properties and sugarcane yield showed high values of R2 (51 - 72%) and a coefficient of determination of 0.68-0.94, which shows a high degree of significance and the extent to which the indicators of the properties studied increase the yields (CY 104-141t ha-1, SY 18-25 t ha-1).
Submitted: 03/01/2023 | Revised: 31/03/2024 | Accepted: 04/04/2024
Pages 686-692 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p83
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Interference periods of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) on maize crop
Ana E. Piazentine, Heytor L. Martins*, Juliana de S. Rodrigues, Willians C. Carrega, Pedro L.C.A. Alves
Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Abstract: Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde) is frequently reported as one of the main weeds in grain production, along with several reports of herbicide resistance. The objectives of this study were (1) to understand the length of time that the maize crop, cv. P4285VYHR PIONEER could coexist with a weed community dominated by D. insularis plants without suffering any negative impact on its final production, and (2) the period for which the crop needs to be free of this interference to ensure optimal production. The periods of weed interference and/or control were: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 130 days after sowing maiz, to determine the period before interference (PBI), the total period of interference prevention (TPIP), and the critical period of weed interference (CPWI). A weed community predominantly containing D. insularis coexisting with the maize crop decreases yield by up to 86%, reduces plant height, the insertion height of the first ear, and the weight of 1000 grains. Maize can coexist with such a community (PBI) for 30 DAS, tolerating yield losses of up to 5%, without TPIP and, consequently, CPWI.
Submitted: 10/01/2023 | Revised: 23/04/2024 | Accepted: 11/06/2024
Pages 693-699 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p89
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Influence of water stress on growth and yield components of selected pigeonpea genotypes
Juliana J. Cheboi*, Paul K. Kimurto, George N. Chemining’wa, Enock Mosenda, N.V.P.R Gangarao
Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Department of Crops, Horticulture & Soils, Egerton University, Kenya
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nairobi, Kenya
Abstract: Drought and high temperature mostly influence growth and development of pigeonpea, resulting in forced maturity. Though these stresses have a drastic impact on reducing productivity of pigeonpea, limited efforts have been made towards development of pigeonpea genotypes having tolerance to these abiotic stresses. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify pigeonpea genotypes that can tolerate water stress. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Upper Kabete field station of the University of Nairobi, Kenya, using fifteen selected pigeonpea genotypes based on ICRISAT descriptors. The fifteen plants were grown under drought stress levels of 40% and 80% field capacity (FC) in comparison to non-drought stress (100% FC) condition in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement with three replications. Data was collected on plant growth, physiological and yield attributes. Drought stress reduced 100 seed weight by 14.9 %, number of pods (31.9%) and pod diameter (25%). At the lowest moisture level (40 % FC), drought stress reduced pod weight by 84 %, pod length (2 %), Chlorophyll content (11.9 %) and shell weight (2.4 %). However, reduction of moisture level to 80% FC recorded an increase in pod weight (5.5 %) and pod length (3.4 %) and no significant effect on chlorophyll content and number of seeds per pod. Genotypes ICEAPs 182022, 182014, 182013, 19023 and 86012 performed better in relation to growth and yield despite the increased levels of drought stress. The few identified genotypes can be utilized as potential parents in breeding for drought tolerance.
Submitted: 23/01/2024 | Revised: 27/04/2024 | Accepted: 15/07/2024
Pages 700-706 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.10.p90