Biomass accumulation and growth curve in sugarcane fertigated with nitrogen doses
Oriel Tiago Kölln*, Glauber José de Castro Gava, Eduardo Mariano, Heitor Cantarella, Luiz Eduardo Panutti, Raul Martinez Uribe, Adolfo Bergamo Arlanch, Alexandre Paludetto, Catarinie Diniz Pereira, Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin
State University of Northern Paraná – UENP – Campus Luiz Meneghel – Roadway BR 369, km 54 – 86660-000, Bandeirantes, PR, Brazil
E. Mariano, P.C.O. Trivelin, Laboratory of Stable Isotopes, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, CP 96, Piracicaba, SP, Zip code 13416-000, Brazil
G.J.C. Gava, H. Cantarella, Agronomic Institute of Campinas − Soil Center and Environmental Resources, C.P. 28 – Zip code 13020-902 − Campinas, SP − Brazil L. E. Panutti, A.B. Arlanch, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, R. Dr. José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Zip code 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
R. M. Uribe, R. Domingos da Costa Lopes, 780 - Jardim Itaipu, Tupã - SP, Zip code:17602-496, Brazil
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the growth curve, biomass and N accumulation in aboveground sugarcane as a function of nitrogen doses applied by subsurface drip irrigation during the crop growth cycle. The experiment was developed under field conditions Jau city, São Paulo state, Brazil. The treatments were four nitrogen doses – namely 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 N – in urea form, in addition to a control treatment (without N), with completely randomized block and four repetitions. The N doses were applied gradually by subsurface drip irrigation spread throughout the sugarcane crop cycle. Biometrics and physiologic parameters and biomass accumulation were evaluated at five sampling times. Linear and quadratic responses of these parameters were verified as a function of N application. Elevating the N dose from 100 to 200 kg ha-1 increased the biomass and the N accumulation of sugarcane above ground by 20 Mg ha-1 and 95 kg ha-1, respectively. The nitrogen fertilization applied by subsurface drip irrigation increased the biomass and N accumulation of aboveground sugarcane, as well as the production rate of all parameters. The gap between maximum biomass accumulation rate (BAR) and nitrogen accumulation rate (NAR) was smooth due drip irrigation management. The irrigation management combined with better plant nutrition show highest results to biomass production.
Pages 244-253 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.03.p3079
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Evaluation and selection of passion fruit progenies resistant to collar rot disease
Antonio Marcos Chimello, Gabriel Vinicius Batista da Silva, João Gabriel Belém de Aguiar, Thalita Neves Marostega, Sandra da Costa Preisigke, Thiago Alexandre Santana Gilio, Kelly Lana Araújo, Leonarda Grillo Neves
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso UNEMAT, Departamento de Agronomia, Cáceres -MT, Brasil
Programa de Pós Graduação em Bitecnologia e Bidiversidade, Rede Pró Centro-Oeste, UNEMAT, Cáceres - MT, Brasil
Abstract
The objective of this work is to evaluate and select backcrosses of passion fruit progenies resistant to soil diseases. This selection contributes to the improvement of the passion fruit genetic improvement program. A cross of the interspecific hybrid UNEMAT 124-3 resistant to Fusarium solani was carried out. The hybrid arose from crossing the resistant species P. nitida with a commercial cultivar of P. edulis. P. edulis, cultivar BRS Sol do Cerrado, was a recurrent parent. The BC1 resistance tests were evaluated twice. The first test was carried out with BC1 adducts that are in the field; for this, clone seedlings were produced from cuttings of each plant for the resistance test. The second test comprised inoculation directly into BC1s that were planted in pots without replications. In addition, clones of P. nitida and HI were used as a positive (resistant) control and clonal seedlings of P. edulis as a negative (susceptible) control. The evaluation of resistance of the genotypes to F. solani was quantified considering ten resistance variables. In the first trial with plants from cuttings, it was possible to identify the BC1s 02, 14, and 24 as resistant to F. solani. In the second trial with Passiflora spp. seedlings, considering the results of UPGMA, hierarchical methods of torch optimization and graphical dispersion per genotype considering the importance of characters, it was possible to identify the BC1s 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 43, 45, 48, 53, 57, 58, 61, 63, 66, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, and 87 as resistant. These should be selected to continue the passion fruit improvement program.
Pages 254-262 | Full Text PDF| 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.03.p3651
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Morphological characteristics, trichomes, and phytochemistry of inflorescences of Humulus lupulus L: Comparison of cropping systems and varieties
Olivia Pak Campos*, Flávia Maria Leme, Gabriel Cássia Fortuna, Jordany Aparecida de Oliveira Gomes, Caio Scardini Neves, Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda, Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim
São Paulo State University, School of Agriculture, (UNESP/FCA), Plant Breeding Department, Av. Universitária, nº 3780, 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the influence of cropping systems (conventional and organic) and hops varieties ('Cascade', 'Chinook', 'Columbus', 'Hallertau Mittelfrüh', and 'Nugget') on morphological and anatomical aspects, as well as the contents of essential oil and phenolic compounds of hops inflorescences. Thus, morphological description and cone length; identification of trichomes and peltate glandular trichome density; anatomical and histochemical analysis of peltate glandular trichomes; essential oil content; and total phenolic compound content were evaluated. The results showed no influence of treatments on morphology; however, higher cone lengths were observed in organic cropping and in ‘Cascade’ and ‘Chinook’. These results report the first record of hops trichomes grown in Brazil. Three types of trichomes were identified in inflorescences: nonglandular, peltate, and bulbous glandular. An intense presence of peltate trichomes was observed on flowers. The trichome density in bracts differed among varieties, and 'Cascade' had the highest mean (8.19). There was a significant interaction between cropping systems and varieties for trichome density in flowers: with the exception of 'Nugget' (59.50), the varieties had higher means under organic cropping, especially 'Hallertau Mittelfrüh' (92.12) and 'Chinook' (88.12). Histochemical analysis revealed the presence of polysaccharides, starch, lipids, phenolic compounds, and proteins in peltate trichomes. The cropping systems did not affect the oil content, although there were significant differences between varieties. 'Hallertau Mittelfrüh' showed the lowest oil content (0.25%). Phenolic compounds showed no effect of treatments. Therefore, the results indicate that organic cropping and the 'Cascade' and 'Chinook' varieties are more promising under the conditions studied.
Pages 263-274 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.03.p3754
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The productive performance of soybean genotypes depends on the distribution of plants in the field
Caio Sippel Dörr, Tainan Lopes de Almeida, Victor Mouzinho Spinelli, Deivid Araújo Magano*, Luis Osmar Braga Schuch, Luis Eduardo Panozzo
Universidade Federal de Pelotas/UFPEL, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Pelotas, RS, 96.160-000, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Rondônia/UNIR, Departamento de Biologia, Porto Velho, RO, 76801-059, Brazil
Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Unijuí, Departamento de Estudos Agrários/ Deag, Ijuí, RS 97800-800, Brazil
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of the distribution of plants in the field on the productive performance of soybean genotypes. The test was developed in the field, in two agricultural crops, on a farm located in the District of Monte Bonito - Pelotas (RS, Brazil), in eutrophic haplic planosol soil, with geographic coordinates 31° 40' 27"S and 52°23' 28 "W. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments involving two factors: factor A - 3 soybean genotypes (NA 5909 RR (super early, growth indeterminate and maturation group A), NS 6006 IPRO (high grain weight, growth indeterminate and maturation group B 5.9), and NS 5959 IPRO (precocity, indeterminate growth and maturation group C) and factor B - 4 line spacing (0.17; 0.30; 0.45 and 0.60 meters). The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (3x4) with four blocks. The plant population used was 330.000 plants ha-1. Five random plants plot, except for grain yield, were evaluated per plot. To evaluate the productive performance the main stem diameter, final plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, the weight of a thousand seeds, and yield were measured. Soybean plants better distributed in the cultivation area, in the spacing of 0.17 and 0.30 meters, have higher plant height, stem diameter, and productive performance. The genotypes of soybean performance are influenced by the distribution of plants, and this response depends on the genotype and the production environment.
Pages 275-281 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.03.p3763
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An econometric model for non-timber forest products in the Brazilian Amazon
Alexandre Anders Brasil, Humberto Angelo, Rafael de Azevedo Calderon, Alexandre Nascimento de Almeida*, Maristela Franchetti de Paula
University of Brasilia (UnB), DF, Brazil
Federal University of Acre (UFAC), AC, Brazil
Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), PR, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs’) supply and demand in the Amazon region. The method applied was an econometric model of supply and demand in a log-linear form. Based on consumer and firm theories as well as studies on the market for extractive products, we developed models of supply and demand for NTFPs. The models were estimated by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) in the log-log functional form, allowing to obtain the elasticities of the variables that affect the NTFPs supply and demand. The results indicated that during the study period, the behavior of the NTFPs market was stable in terms of the price and the quantities produced. These products displayed low elasticity in relation to price, both on the supply and the demand sides. This indicates that the cultivation of NTFPs (producing species) is a better option than the expansion of extractive activity. We conclude that the modernization of extractive production, the development of the products, and government support for commercialization are essential for the development of sector and the local community.
Pages 282-288 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.03.p3804
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Effect of edapho-climatic conditions on fruit productivity, yield and olive oil quality in olive orchards (Olea europaea L.): case of a semi-arid region
Elhabty Mohamed, Ait Yacine Zehor, Aabdousse Jamal, Boundi Abdelhaq, Hasib Aziz
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Department of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Abstract
The objective of the present work is to evaluate the relationship between the edapho-climatic conditions of the cultivation environment and the variability of olive productivity, yield, and quality of olive oil in orchards of the Moroccan Picholine (PM) population variety (Olea europaea L.). This work was carried out on different agricultural territorial units (agroecosystems) of the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region with a semi-arid climate during four agricultural seasons (2016/2017 to 2019/2020). For this purpose, the relevant agronomic and agro-biochemical parameters were studied, namely the stage of maturity, fruit and olive oil yields and quality indices. The data treatments of the results were performed according to descriptive and affiliated statistics by analysis of variance (ANOVA). We have found significant correlations (according to Pearson's R) between agroecosystems, particularly for weight of crude olives produced per hectare and temperature (R= 0.803), olive yield and humidity (R= 0.654), olive oil yield and temperature (R= 0.837), olive oil richness and humidity (R= -0.622), as well as the qualitative characteristics of the extracted oils, through the levels of free acidity and peroxide value (R = 0.467). These results confirm that in the studied semi-arid environments, the properties of the biotope of the cultivated olive groves, combined with the interannual agroclimatic variability, effectively influence the productivity of the olive trees, the oil production and the chemical and organoleptic quality of the extracted olive oil.
Pages 289-298 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.03.p3828
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Morphoagronomic characterization and production gain after two mass selection cycles in Nawa Sheki landraces maize originated from the Western Brazilian Amazon
Luan de Oliveira Nascimento*, Vanderley Borges dos Santos, Sandra Bezerra da Silva, Joaes Alves da Silva Pereira, Eldevan Alves da Silva, Antonia Fabiana Barros de Lima, Josimar Batista Ferreira, Lidiane Assis Silva, Dheme Rebouças de Araujo
Center for Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco CEP: 69920-900, Acre, Brazil
Multidisciplinary Center, Federal University of Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, CEP: 69980-000, Acre, Brazil
3Bachelor in Biology from the Federal University of Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul CEP: 69980-000, Acre, Brazil
Abstract
Intensive breeding and artificial selection of the desired traits in maize landraces through domestication have created modern maize, which needs a great technological contribution for optimal productive development. However, the narrowing of the genetic bases of maize made it difficult for traditional farmers to access productive genetic material that maintains the genotypic and phenotypic diversity capable of ensuring productive sustainability. Thus, objective of the study was to evaluate the variability and production gain in morphoagronomic characters of Nawa Sheki landraces maize after two mass selection cycles. The work was carried out in the experimental area of the Federal University of Acre, where two cycles of mass selection were applied on variety Nawa Sheki, in periods 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, ear insertion height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows of grains, number of grains per row, ear mass and grain mass. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis, with presentation of the histogram of frequency, asymmetry, kurtosis and Shapiro-Wilk test for the general population in both cycles. For the selected population, the following were obtained: mean, coefficient of variation, amplitude, minimum and maximum values and population variance in each cycle. The genetic parameters were selection differential for both cycles, production gain with selection and realized heritability of the first cycle. The choice of individuals in both cycles of mass selection was based on the ranking of the best values of the evaluated characteristics. The two cycles of mass selection provided high variability in the traits with the presence of superior phenotypes. Still, mass selection stabilized values for plant height, ear insertion height, followed by production gains for number of grains per row and ear mass.
Pages 299-307 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.03.p3831
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Morphophysiological dynamics of Casearia sylvestris seedlings under different natural irradiation conditions
Nayara Fonseca do Nascimento*, Maristela Machado Araujo, Suelen Carpenedo Aimi, André Antonio Ballestreri, Julia Luiza Stahl, Christiano Cesar Souza Garcia de Carvalho, Vanessa Viera Trindade de Oliveira, Luciane Almeri Tabaldi, Ezequiel Gasparin, Felipe Turchetto
Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, Brazil
Forestry Engineer, Paragominas city hall, Rua Eurico Gaspar Dutra 141, Paragominas, Brazil
Forestry Engineer, Euca Energetica Charcoal LTDA, Rodovia Fernão Dias S/N, Oliveira, Brazil
Department of Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, Brazil
Abstract
Knowledge of the ability of species to acclimate to light environments allows for the most appropriate selection for the restoration of different sites. Casearia sylvestris Sw. is a species C3 with important functional characteristics, geographic distribution and described for its plasticity, and was used as a reference for the present investigation. Thus, this study aims to investigate the morphophysiological changes of species planted in pots under different conditions: High irradiance (full sun around 106175 ± 1.246 lux), moderate irradiance (moderate shade under 61775 ± 2.333 lux), and low irradiance (understory under 425 ± 57 lux). The sampling design was a totally random design. The survival rate was calculated by the total number of seedlings per treatment. For the other analyzes (variables) 5 random repetitions were used for the evaluations. We found that the plants altered their morphophysiological characteristics with varying light intensity. Under higher light availability, the species responded with increased photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration, survival (100%), reduced specific leaf area, pigment reduction, quantum yield of photosystem II. In the understory (425 ± 57 lux), the species modulates the photosynthetic apparatus, increasing chlorophyll concentration and specific leaf area, seeking to increase light capture, with a survival rate of 86%. The variables with the highest plasticity index were predominantly physiological (transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and photochemical quenching) and they contributed most to the acclimation process. It was confirmed by the plasticity index analysis, where the least plastic variables were specific leaf area and chlorophyll index total, water use efficiency, and photosystem II quantum efficiency. It is concluded that the plasticity of the species to light intensity is provided by aspects related to the photosynthetic capacity of plants, providing a higher rate of survival and growth in plants without water or nutritional restriction.
Pages 308-318 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.03.p3851
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Combination of irrigation systems in several soil types using principal component analysis
Amir Yassi*, Hari Iswoyo, Muhammad Fuad Anshori
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Perintis Kemerdekaan Street Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
Street Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Principal Component Analysis in evaluating irrigation systems in different soil types and to obtain information on the best method and combination of factors for rice cultivation. The study was carried out in Soppeng Regency in April-September 2019. A nested design was used with different replication of soil texture levels (S), namely sandy (S1), loam (S2), and clay (S3). The second factor was water management (W), which consists of farmers' watering practice (W1), as well as intermittent (W2), dry-wet application (W3), and semi-puddled (W4) irrigation systems. Each combination treatment was replicated three times to obtain 36 experimental units. Subsequently, observations were carried out on seven yield component parameters, analyzed with multivariate evaluation, correlation, and principal component analysis. The principal component analysis effectively assessed irrigation methods and soil types with an eigenvalue of 0.9286. The intermittent irrigation system was the best method for rice cultivation, specifically in loam and clay soils, where the latter had the best combination. These results are expected to be a basis for future studies or practical activities on the crop's cultivation.
Pages 319-323 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.03.p3903