Physiological quality of canola seeds under different sowing and harvesting times
Luís Eduardo Panozzo, Fred Denilson Barbosa da Silva, Luciana BarrosPinto, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias, Caio Sippel Dörr, Deivid Araújo Magano, Victor Mouzinho Spinelli, Luciano Carlos da Maia, José Antônio Gonzalez da Silva, Giusepe Stefanello
Universidade Federal de Pelotas/UFPEL, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Pelotas, RS, 96.160-000, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Roraima/UFRR, Centro deEstudos da Biodiversidade Biologia, Boa Vista, RR, 69310-000, Brazil
Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Unijuí, Departamento de Estudos Agrários/ Deag, Ijuí, RS 97800-800, Brazil
Abstract
To expand and implement the cultivation of canola in an agricultural production system, it is essential for the production and use of high-quality seeds. The objective of this research is to evaluate the germination of hybrid seed during different sowing and harvesting dates. The experiment was conducted at the experimental site and the Seed Laboratory of Federal University of Viçosa. The hybrids canola Hyola 432, 433, 401 and 61 were sown and harvest in different dates. After the seed processing, the seeds were evaluated for germination, first count of germination, speed of germination, time, and average velocity of germination. The experimental design was a randomized complete block 4 hybrids x 4 sowing times x 3 harvest times and with four replications. Data from qualitative factors were submitted to variance analysis and compared by Tukey’s test and quantitatively factors were compared by regression analysis. To harvest seeds with high physiological quality it is necessary to sow between May and June and harvest after reaching physiological maturity until a maximum of 10 days. The seeds of Hyola 401 showed better seed quality, based on the results of all the variables studied, regardless of sowing and harvesting date.
Received: 24/01/2024 | Revised: 11/08/2024 | Accepted: 24/10/2024
Pages 1-9 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p102
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Antifungal and antiocratoxigenic effects of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis and Callistemon viminalis on fungi of the genus Aspergillus
Carolina Salles Freire, Maria das Graças Cardoso*, Eduardo Alves, Gabriela Aguiar Campolina, Gislaine Cristina Peixoto de Carvalho1, Luís Roberto Batista
Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
Food Sciences Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
Abstract
The chemical constituents of essential oils exhibit significant biological activities and can be used to inhibit insects and microorganisms. The objectives of the study were to extract and characterize the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis and Callistemon viminalis and to evaluate their antifungal and anticratoxigenic potential against Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus westerdijkiae. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC–MS and GC–FID. The antifungal and anticratoxigenic activities were determined by the fumigation method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyse the effects of essential oils on the fungal cell membrane. The major compounds found were 1,8-cineole and camphor (R. officinalis) and 1,8-cineole and α-pinene (C. viminalis). The mycelial growth of the studied fungi was significantly inhibited by the essential oils and 1,8-cineole at the concentrations tested. A reduction in the synthesis of ochratoxin A for the studied fungi was observed in the presence of the essential oils and 1,8-cineole. The electron micrographs showed deleterious effects on fungal morphology after the treatments. The results suggest that the essential oils of R. officinalis and C. viminalis have antifungal and anticratoxigenic potential against toxigenic fungi that contaminate food.
Received: 25/01/2024 | Revised: 11/08/2024 | Accepted: 24/10/2024
Pages 10-17 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p105
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Novel genetic resources: Rice varieties for improving direct seeding genotypes
Anuson Thanasi, Samart Wanchana, Sureeporn Kate-ngam*
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190 Thailand
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
Abstract
Early seedling vigor is an essential characteristic for direct seeded rice. This study aimed to evaluate thirty-one rice varieties, categorized into three ecotypes (lowland, upland, and deep-water cultivars), to identify traits associated with early seedling vigor under direct seeding conditions. Each evaluation was conducted using three biological replicates. The experiments comprised of two parts: (a) deep-sowing tolerance and anaerobic germination tests and (b) aerobic germination conditions as a control. Early seedling vigor traits in rice, including mesocotyl length (MS), shoot length (SL), coleoptile length from deep-sowing experiment (COD), shoot weight (SW), coleoptile length from the anaerobic germination experiment (COA), coleoptile length under normal conditions (CON), the anaerobic response index (AI), and seedling vigor (SV), were measured. The results demonstrated significant heritability across all traits. Principal component analysis identified CON and COD as the key variables influencing early seedling vigor traits. By using a multi-traits selection index, that considered eight important traits, U-19 (Plawng Aew), U-11 (Chum Phae 60), U-31 (Hawm Bao Rai), U-5 (Pin Gaew 56), and U-2 (Prachinburi 2) varieties were prioritized as important genetic resources for the enhancement of direct-seeding rice varieties. This research provides valuable insights into the traits associated with early seedling vigor. It is crucial for improving rice varieties that are widely adaptable to direct seeding conditions. The identified varieties showed promising for advancing breeding projects aimed at increasing the efficiency and sustainability of direct-seeding rice production systems.
Received: 12/03/2024 | Revised: 26/09/2024 | Accepted: 01/10/2024
Pages 18-24 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p135
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Nutritional potential of some wild edible fruits of Shinyanga region, Tanzania
Washa Bugalama Washa
Department of Biological Sciences, Mkwawa University College of Education, P.O. Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania
Abstract
Wild edible fruits play a crucial role in human nutrition and cannot be disregarded due to their importance for human health. In Tanzania, particularly in the Miombo woodland of the Shinyanga region, wild edible fruits are primarily consumed by local communities. However, information on the nutritional composition of these fruits is limited. This study analyzed four selected wild edible fruits using standard procedures. Crude fat, fibre, protein, ash, moisture, and carbohydrates were determined following AOAC methods. Mineral content was determined using the method described by Allen (1989). Vitamins were determined using the method outlined by Klein and Perry (1982). ANOVA and post hoc were used for statistical test. The results show that the proximate composition, carbohydrates, and vitamin content of Tamarindus indica, Adansonia digitata, Akocanthera schimperi, and Vitex doniana exhibited the following ranges: moisture (12.68–77.90%), crude protein (3.20–12.37%), crude fat (1.14–21.40%), crude fibre (1.20–15.4%), total ash (3.60–9.30%), carbohydrates (20.78–45.64%), Vitamin B9 (2.24–12.64 mg/100g), Vitamin A (0.43–9.63 mg/100g), and Vitamin C (43.65–210.38 mg/100g). Adansonia digitata, compared to the studied fruits, was found to be an excellent source of protein with lower crude fat, while it was also high in carbohydrates and vitamins A and C. Additionally, Akocanthera schimperi, compared to the studied fruits, was rich in iron, zinc, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese, while Vitex doniana had high levels of potassium and calcium. This study indicates that the four studied fruits can be valuable for improving nutrition, particularly for malnourished populations, and their increased consumption is recommended. Further studies on their potentially harmful compounds to human health are recommended.
Received: 15/03/2024 | Revised: 15/10/2024 | Accepted: 15/10/2024
Pages 25-28 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p137
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Assessment of agronomic performances and ethanol potential in diverse sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars under rainfed conditions
Darika Bunphan*, Ruchuon Wanna, Phirayot Khaengkhan, Benjapon Kunlanit, Ruttanachira Ruttanaprasert, Goitseone Malambane
Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham, 11450 Thailand
Resource Management in Agricultural Technology Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham, 44150 Thailand
Department of Plant Science, Textile and Design, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, Surin, 32000 Thailand
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
Abstract
Sweet sorghum has shown great potential as an alternative and promising bioenergy crop that has high potential for bioethanol production due to its high sugar yield, wide adaptability and drought tolerance, thus it is important to continuously evaluate and select most promising lines. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the agronomic performance, cane yield, and ethanol potential of local and exotic sweet sorghum cultivars under rainfed conditions. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Ten various sweet sorghum cultivars were utilized as treatments viz. Theis, Cowley, SSV74, SSV84, BJ248, Suwan sweet extra, Suwan sweet1 and 2, Suphanburi1 and KKU40 (check variety). The results indicated that several cultivars have noteworthy performances, exhibiting higher total soluble solids, such as cv. Suwan sweet extra, KKU40, Suwan sweet2, and Theis, as well as higher cane yield, including Cowley, SSV84, and Suwan sweet extra. Additionally, superior juice yield was observed in cv. SSV84, Suwan sweet1, Suwan sweet extra and Cowley, while higher theoretical ethanol yields were observed in cv. Suwan sweet extra, KKU40, SSV84, and Suwan sweet2. The consideration of grain yield revealed notable performances in cv. SSV84 and Cowley. Conclusively, both cv. SSV84 and Suwan sweet extra exhibited higher cane (46.72 and 44.03 t ha-1, respectively) and ethanol yields (958.1 and 1155.7 l ha-1) in alignment with the objectives of this study. Noteworthy traits were also identified in KKU40, Cowley, and Suwan sweet2. The findings from this study offer valuable insights for future research in this field, particularly in enhancing varietal performance in specific environments and promoting adaptability across diverse conditions.
Received: 18/03/2024 | Revised: 26/08/2024 | Accepted: 18/09/2024
Pages 29-36 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p141
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Hydrogen peroxide and Ascophyllum nodosum promote vigor in Cordia alliodora seeds at different maturation stages
Aline das Graças Souza, Oscar José Smiderle*, Edna Ursulino Alves
Graduate Program in Agronomy, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus II, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil
Department of Seeds, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
Abstract
Cordia alliodora is a species from the humid American tropics that produces valuable wood and is suitable for large-scale artificial regeneration. Its main areas of exploration and participation in production systems are in Central America and in the western and northwestern countries of the Brazilian Amazon. Cordia alliodora is a pioneer species that produces a large quantity of seeds annually. Seedling emergence begins between 17 and 20 days after sowing, and may continue for another 20 days. Using solutions of hydrogen peroxide and phytohormones has been shown to be an important tool in the pre-germination stage of seeds of forest species, as it results in seedlings with greater vigor when the seeds are subjected to this chemical treatment. The objective was to determine the best concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and Ascophyllum nodosum for Cordia alliodora seeds at different maturation stages aiming at maximum seedling vigor. Experiment I: The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x4 factorial scheme with two seed colors (green and brown) and four concentrations o Ascophyllum nodosum (0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 ml L-1), with four replicates, each of which composed of 25 seeds. The variables evaluated in experiment I and II were obtained from the data collection performed by daily counts of emerged seedlings until the stabilization of emergence (28 DAS). The variables were: Emergence speed index (ESI), emergence percentage (E%) and mean time of emergence (MTE) Ascophyllum nodosum at concentration of 4.0 ml L-1 applied in green seeds of Cordia alliodora promotes 76.3% of seedling emergence. For brown seeds of Cordia alliodora, the use of hydrogen peroxide and Ascophyllum nodosum is not recommended. Experiment II: The second experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x4 factorial scheme with two seed colors (green and brown) and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (0, 20, 30 and 40 mM), with four replicates, each of which composed of 25 seeds. Treatments consisted of Cordia alliodora seeds (100 seeds per treatment) soaked in H2O2 solutions at concentrations of 0, 20, 30 and 40 mM for 30 minutes. The results obtained in this study show the existence of activation or inhibition of processes linked to root protrusion and seedling vigor, which is paramount to the success of the species under study. For green seeds of Cordia alliodora, the hydrogen peroxide concentration of 20 mM is indicated to obtain 90.8% of seedling emergence and increase uniformity in the stand of normal seedlings, promoting higher yield and vigor in Cordia alliodora seedlings. While the control showed 67,5% emergence of Cordia alliodora seedlings.
Received: 27/03/2024 | Revised: 24/08/2024 | Accepted: 23/09/2024
Pages 37-43 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p156
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Spatial variability of soybean productivity and soil attributes: "hole effect" and local diagnosis with the Wave model
Amilton Luciano Garcia da Silva*, Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo, Gustavo Henrique Dalposso, Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho Guedes
Western Paraná State University – (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil Federal University of Technology Paraná – (UTFPR), Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important commodities on a global scale. Therefore, studies in precision agriculture (PA) are essential to maximize economic return and minimize environmental impacts. In this context, conducting interpolations to map soybean productivity and soil attributes plays a crucial role on decision-making and should represent an efficient estimate of actual field conditions. In this situation, the study employed the geostatistical Wave model to assess local influences on several response variables, including soybean productivity, soil resistance to penetration, copper content, and soil pH. The model accounts for spatial dependence in the data, particularly when the semivariance exhibits the ‘hole effect’. Techniques for diagnosing local influence were developed for spatial data using the Wave model and the results showed that the identification and removal of influential observations caused relevant changes in the estimates of parameters that define the structure of spatial dependence, directly impacting the construction of interpolated maps. This interferes with the creation of differentiated management zones, considering profitability and soil attributes. These findings highlight the importance of considering local influence when analyzing spatial data to ensure the accuracy of the results obtained.
Received: 08/04/2024 | Revised: 07/08/2024 | Accepted:24/10/2024
Pages 44-51 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p169
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Impacts of successful implementation of good agricultural practices in field latex rubber production in Thailand: A quantitative study
Onanong Longpichai, Ferdoushi Ahmed*, Palakorn Satsue
Faculty of Economics, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
Research Center for Fundamental Economic Development and Agricultural Economic Potential in the South Region, Thailand
Abstract
This research aims to identify the factors that influence the successful adoption of GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) standards in the production of field latex among rubber farmers in the Southern region of Thailand. The study also focuses on the outcomes of successful implementation of GAP standards in field latex rubber production in the country. To fulfill the study objectives, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in three districts, namely, Langu, Khuan Khanun, and Tha Phae of the Satun Province in Thailand. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from a total of 372 small rubber farmers. A Probit model was employed to identify the factors influencing the successful implementation of GAP among the field latex rubber farmers, while the extent of implementation was analyzed using a Tobit model. The study found that 43.5% of farmers adopted GAP standards in field latex rubber production. Factors influencing both the adoption and the level of implementation of GAP standards included type of labor, group membership, number of training provided, and marketing channels for the rubber products. It was also revealed that, particularly, the farmers who have a secondary occupation adopt GAP standards. If the outcomes of implementing GAP are taken into consideration, it was revealed that 90%of the farmers achieved clean field latex during the harvesting period. In addition, the farmers reported that adulteration decreased by 3.1%, dry rubber content (DRC) and yield per rai increased by 10.6% and 8.8%, respectively due to successful implementation of GAP. It was also revealed that the adherence to GAP standards yielded other benefits such as reducing yield losses, extending tapping intervals, and reducing working hours. Therefore, this study recommends implementing more effective policies to promote the successful adoption of GAP standards among rubber farmers through collaborative efforts between the Rubber Authority of Thailand and farmer institutions.
Received: 14/04/2024 | Revised: 16/09/2024 | Accepted: 24/10/2024
Pages 52-59 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p175
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Bibliometric analysis of research on land fallow in cropping systems: Measures to enhance food security and sustainability
Dolapo B. Adelabu
Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
Abstract
Fallow land practices are crucial for ensuring food security through the intersection of crop productivity, technological advancements, and sustainable environmental practices. We examined global trends and research activities related to fallow in cropping systems (FCS) by analyzing research publications from Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, using the bibliometric R-package, and VOS viewer software. Research hotspots were identified based on keywords and prolific research titles spanning over three decades (1990 to 2023). Key research themes in FCS-related studies include governmental policies on land use, fallow efficiency, duration, fallow management, climate change, tillage management, and farmers’ perceptions of fallow land. Most FCS-related research is conducted in developed countries with established land fallow policies while developing countries are underrepresented. There is a lack of clarity and adequacy in land fallow research. The current trend is towards adopting improved fallow systems to enhance food security, climate change mitigation, and adaptation globally. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of fallow systems, serving as a scientific reference for researchers and policymakers.
Received: 20/04/2024 | Revised: 26/08/2024 | Accepted: 11/10/2024
Pages 60-68 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p185
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The impact of climactic and spectral variables on soybean productivity: An approach to spatial panel data
Edilza Martins Silva*, Alex Paludo, Willyan Ronaldo Becker, Priscila Pigatto Gasparin, Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho Guedes, Jerry Adriani Johann
Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR), Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil
Abstract
Climate change compromises soybean productivity. The objective of the study was to verify the impacts of meteorological variables (rainfall, average, minimum and maximum air temperature, potential evapotranspiration, global solar radiation), and the spectral variable Enhanced Vegetation Index, on soybean productivity in the state of Paraná - Brazil, between the harvest years 2010/2011 and 2019/2020. To this end, spatial panel data modeling was used to analyze the influence of climate variables and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) variables on soybean productivity. The results revealed that the Spatial Autoregressive model with fixed effects was the most appropriate model to analyze previously mentioned. In this model, the marginal effects showed that soybean productivity is positive and significant space-time correlation with the variable’s precipitation, average temperature, and EVI, in interval from the phenological phase close to maximum vegetative development. Furthermore, the variables precipitation and minimum temperature, in the interval from the sowing date (SD) until close to the date of maximum vegetative development (MVDD), showed a negative and significant spatial-temporal correlation with productivity. This last result was also observed in municipalities with higher soybean productivity values. Therefore, it is possible for the soybean farmer to diagnose the area suitable for planting the crop, in relation to the impacts of climatic variables and optimize decision-making on soybean cultivation.
Received: 26/04/2024 | Revised: 17/09/2024 | Accepted: 14/10/2024
Pages 69-75 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p194
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Interaction of banana hump liquid organic fertilizer and N:P: K doses in supporting the agronomic potential of soybeans based on multivariate analysis
Syatrianty A. Syaiful*, Muhammad Fuad Anshori, Annastya Nur Fadhilah
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Perintis Kemerdekaan Street Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Perintis Kemerdekaan Street Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
Abstract
The development of soybeans can be carried out by optimizing a sustainable growing environment so that the use of NPK chemical fertilizer needs to be combined with organic fertilizer, such as banana hump liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). A systematic evaluation of the interaction between banana hump LOF and N:P: K fertilizer dosage on the agronomic potential of soybeans has yet to be widely studied. Therefore, it is suitable to use multivariate analysis to evaluate this interaction. Meanwhile, this research aims to determine the effectiveness of evaluation criteria based on multivariate analysis and determine the best combination of interactions between NPK fertilizer dosage and banana hump LOF concentration on the agronomic potential of soybeans. The research was arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial randomized complete block design that focused on two factors: the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer from banana hump (0 mL/L, 100 mL/L, and 200 mL/L) and NPK fertilizer dosage (0 kg/ha, 75 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, and 225 kg/ha) that was repeated three times. Based on this research, the characteristics of plant height and the number of pods per plant are critical assessment criteria, along with productivity in the interaction of NPK and LOF fertilizers. The polynomial-polynomial interactions of these three characters show a dynamic quadratic pattern. The interaction of 150 kg/ha NPK fertilizer with a LOF concentration of 100 mL/L is a promising technology for stimulating soybean growth and production. Therefore, this technology package can be recommended for soybean cultivation in a sustainable system.
Received: 30/04/2024 | Revised: 29/09/2024 | Accepted: 02/10/2024
Pages 76-83 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p195
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Morphology characteristic and biomass production of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) at different growth stages in Blora, Central Java, Indonesia
Yogi Sidik Prasojo*, Bayu Prasetyo, Bambang Suwignyo
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
Abstract
In Indonesia, various types of indigenous bean plants are distributed across different regions. However, crops like the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) are still considered neglected and underutilized. This study evaluated the morphological characteristics and biomass production of jack bean at different growth stages cultivated in alluvial type of soil at teak tree forest area in Blora, Central Java, Indonesia. A field experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design with four replications. Sixteen jack bean seeds were sown in 1 × 1 m² plots. Morphological parameters (plant height, plant length, stem diameter, node length, number of nodes, rachis length, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, number of flowers, and number of pods) were measured at three distinct growth stages: the vegetative, flowering, and pod development stages prior to harvesting. Forage yield was assessed after harvesting at each growth stage. The highest fresh forage yield (43.23 tons/ha) was observed at the pod development stage, compared to the vegetative (19.39 tons/ha) and flowering (34.35 tons/ha) stages. Fresh leaf and stem production at the pod development stage also showed significantly higher values (22.51 tons/ha and 20.85 tons/ha, respectively). Based on its favorable morphological traits and substantial biomass yield, jack bean at the pod development stage demonstrates strong potential as a forage resource for ruminants, particularly in the context of Indonesia’s arid and remote regions.
Received: 31/05/2024 | Revised: 24/10/2024 | Accepted: 05/11/2024
Pages 84-88 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p218
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Impact of environmental factors on the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from Moroccan strawberry trees (Arbutus unedo L.)
Oussif Ilias, Salim Nora, El Habty Mohamed, Wahid Nadya*
Environmental, Ecological and Agro-Industrial Engineering Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
Abstract
The present work determines the environmental factors and evaluates origin effect of leaf extracts from natural populations of the Moroccan strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) on the potential antibacterial activity of human pathogenic strains. Samples of strawberry tree from different geographically distinct areas were collected for methanolic dried leaf extraction by tree/population. Each leaf methanolic extract were analysed for antioxidant compounds and antibacterial activity test. The results show a variation in antibacterial activity depending on the concentration of the extract and on the origin of the plant material used for the preparation of the methanolic extracts. The bacterial strains tested were susceptible to the antibacterial effects of the methanolic leaf extract even at a lower concentration of 25 mg/ml, indicating that the extract is potent enough to affect the bacteria at this lower dosage. The analysis of variance shows a significant provenance effect of Moroccan Arbutus extracts on the inhibition of the antibacterial activity zone of the strains at low and medium concentrations. The results of the geographical structure of Arbutus leaf extracts classified populations into three groups. The first group is composed of (OUL, IKA, DAR) populations which can synthesize phenolic active compounds against the Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. The second group (ZRI, BT) is characterized by high precipitation and high antibacterial activity only against Citrobacter freundii. The third group (TIM, ELK, BS, OUM, BRI, IZA) is represented by the presents a negative correlation for all the antioxydante componends and antibacterial activity. This population structure of Arbutus leaf extracts results shows that the antioxidant compounds from populations of high altitude and more humid origins have weak antibacterial effects against the four tested strains. Leaf extracts from populations originating from low altitudes with moderate precipitation record high antibacterial effects. The determination of the effect of the environment on the phytochemical composition of Arbutus leaf extracts, and indirectly on the inhibition activity of the antibacterial zone, is necessary to select elite natural population products for applications in the food, therapeutic and pharmaceutical fields.
Received: 01/07/2024 | Revised: 12/10/2024 | Accepted: 14/10/2024
Pages 89-98 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p237
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The effect of brackish water irrigation on crops cultivated in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Bich Thi Ngoc Tran, Ung Hong Nguyen, Ayodeji O. Deolu-Ajayi, Phuong Minh Nguyen, Marianna Siegmund-Schultze*
Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Tra Vinh University, Vietnam
Agriculture and Aquaculture School, Tra Vinh University, Vietnam
Agrosystems Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Vietnam
Abstract
Brackish water is formed when freshwater mixes with saltwater resulting in differential NaCl concentrations. To identify safe and effective ways of using brackish water in the VMD, we assessed its impact on soil salinity, and on productivity of beetroot, maize and peanut cultivated on loam-clayey soil under greenhouse conditions at Tra Vinh University. No to high salinity stress was induced by crop irrigation with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 or 4 ppt NaCl solution, as gradually increasing NaCl concentration (acclimatising saline experiment) or acute NaCl solution applied at different developmental growth stages (shock saline experiment). Continuous irrigation with ≤1.5 ppt NaCl solution does not significantly decrease yield within a single growing season while also leading to substantial enhancement of crop quality- sugar content of beetroot bulbs. Although both beetroot and peanut were negatively impacted under strong saline conditions, beetroot yield was minimally reduced stimulating responses expected of salt tolerant crops or varieties. Thus, beetroot performs better than peanut and maize under saline conditions, and can be cultivated as an alternative crop during dry, salinized seasons in the VMD. However, long term effect of brackish water irrigation on soil salinity and crop yield needs further evaluation.
Received: 09/07/2024 | Revised: 07/11/2024 | Accepted: 14/11/2024
Pages 99-110 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p242
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Micro-morphological, phytochemical and molecular characteristics of aquatic pennywort (Hydrocotyle verticillata) accessions in Vietnam
Hai Thi Hong Truong*, Nhi Thi Hoang Ho, Han Ngoc Ho, Thao Xuan Hoang
Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue city, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Faculty of Biology, Hue University of Education, Hue University, Hue city, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Abstract
Hydrocotyle verticillata, known as aquatic pennywort, is commonly found in wetlands. Recently, it is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in Vietnam. In this work, we characterised a four-accession germplasm of H. verticillata, gathered across Vietnam with a maximal distance of 620 km. The accessions were identified based on ITS sequencing, using primers ITSu1 and ITS2R. The four accessions displayed variations in morphological and micro-morphological traits such as stolon diameter, thickness of runner cortex, runner stele diameter, number of runner cortex cell layer, number of runner vascular bundles, diameter of runner xylem vessel elements, diameter of young root, root cortex thickness, diameter of root stele, number of cortex cell layer of root, number of xylem bundles of root, diameter of xylem vessel elements of root, leaf thickness and palisade mesophyll thickness. In addition, phytochemical contents, including Vitamin C, phenolic, flavonoid and saponin, were found to be significantly different among H. verticillata accessions, while reducing sugar, carotenoid and tannin contents were comparable. Finally, genetic diversity was demonstrated within the germplasm using RAPD genotyping. While the number of accessions was small (four accessions), this report showcased the diversity of aquatic pennywort accessions in Vietnam, warranting further studies into this vegetatively propagated species. These findings formed the basis for further research on breeding, cultivation and extraction of bioactive compounds from H. verticillata.
Received: 16/07/2024 | Revised: 22/10/2024 | Accepted: 24/10/2024
Pages 111-118 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.01.p249