Silicon mitigates cadmium toxicity and modulates positive anatomical changes in tree plants of African mahogany
Susana Silva Conceição, Antonio Vinícius Correa Barbosa, Carlos Alberto de Souza, Edson Ugulino Lima, Breno Ricardo Serrão da Silva, Alba Lúcia Ferreira de Almeida Lins, Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão, Gilberto da Cruz e Silva Filho, Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior, Renato de Mello Prado, Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto, Flávio José Rodrigues Cruz*
Federal Rural University of Amazonian, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Federal Institute of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Emílio Goeldi Museum of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Federal University of Pará, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal - São Paulo, Brazil
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, AP, Brazil
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6701-8748
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon mitigation (Si) on Khaya ivorensis exposed to cadmium (Cd) and anatomical changes promoted by Cd in roots and leaves tissues. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 com cinco repetições. Cd and Si treatments were 0, 25, 50, 75 mg L-1 and 0, 100, 150, and 300 mg L-1 respectively. At 25 mg L-1 mg, Cd has shown increases of 30%, 25%, and 33% in Epidermis thickness from adaxial (ETAd), spongy parenchyma thickness (SPT), and root cortex thickness (RCT). Also, 75 mg L-1 Cd decreased epidermis thickness from abaxial (ETAb) and root cortex thickness (RCT) by 70% and 81%. However, Si attenuated anatomical changes caused by Cd. It occurs especially in combination with treatments at 150 mg L-1 Si and 50 mg L-1 Cd. Under these conditions, ETAb increased by 33%. Both palisade parenchyma thickness (PPT) and spongy parenchyma thickness (SPT) were 48% and 55% thicker than tissues under 50 mg L-1 Cd. The K. ivorensis is tolerant to Cd up to 25 mg L-1 mg because it did not show considerable growth reduction. Si has shown modulation in tissue thickness. It has a positive impact on the vegetative growth of K. ivorensis . Therefore, this study indicates that K. ivorensis tolerates Cd toxicity up to 25 mg L-1 Cd and shows that Si induces anatomical modulations in leaves and roots.
Received: 21/04/2024 | Revised: 16/09/2024 | Accepted: 11/10/2024
Pages 119-127 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p121
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Application of biosolid and wastewater as nutritional sources for Eucalyptus clones development
Dariane Priscila Franco de Oliveira, Mara Lúcia Cruz Souza, Osvaldir Feliciano dos Santos, Enrique Alonso Zuñiga, Luz María Ruiz Machuca, Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori, Fernando Broetto*, Tatiane Cristovam Ferreira
College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University - 18610034, Botucatu/SP, Brazil
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-4144
Abstract
The use of sewage sludge (Biosolid) and wastewater as sources of nutrients for the development of eucalyptus plants brings the possibility of maintaining or increasing the productivity of this species. In addition, it can provide a more suitable purpose for urban waste by promoting the recycling of nutrients. The present work aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of biosolids (sludge) and wastewater in the initial development of Eucalyptus urograndis plants. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, consisting of 5 blocks and 4 treatments: Conventional fertilization or control (NPK); irrigation with wastewater (WW); Incorporation of sludge with 25% of the soil volume (B25); Incorporation of sludge with 50% of the soil volume (B50). The experiment lasted 120 days. Biometric analyzes and macro and micronutrient contents were performed in the leaves, stem and roots. The application of sludge and wastewater as nutritional sources showed promising results for the initial development of eucalyptus. Among the treatments, the incorporation of sludge was highlighted, and the application of 25% of the biosolid was efficient to supply the nutritional demand of plants.
Keywords: hydric resource, organic nutrition, plant growth, sewage sludge, silviculture
Received: 21/04/2024 | Revised: 16/10/2024 | Accepted: 20/10/2024
Pages 128-135 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p128
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Effects of applying Bacillus subtilis before harvest on tomato fruit physicochemical properties
Isabelly Cristina da Silva Marques*, Dayane Mércia Ribeiro Silva, Eduardo Santana Aires, Fernanda Nery Vargens, Francisco Gilvan Borges Ferreira Freitas Júnior, Vinicius Alexandre Ávila dos Santos, José Wilker Germano de Souza, Wesley de Oliveira Galdino, Francisco de Assis de Oliveira, Elizabeth Orika Ono, João Domingos Rodrigues
Department of Horticulture, School of Agronomy, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
Department of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Alagoas (Ufal), Arapiraca 57309-005, Brazil
Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (Ufersa), Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-000, Brazil
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-5849
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) naturally occur in the environment and offer various plant benefits. The Bacillus genus, part of the PGPB group, is effective in post-harvest disease control and may influence fruit quality mechanisms. The objective was to evaluate the pre-harvest application of different doses of a commercial B. subtilis formulation on the physicochemical and qualitative characteristics of tomato fruits. Conducted in a randomized block design with five treatments and four blocks, increasing doses of the biofungicide Serenade® (B. subtilis) were applied via foliar spray: 0.0 (Control), 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 L ha-1. The study measured soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA), ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), firmness, total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH), lipid peroxidation (LP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase - SOD, catalase - CAT, and peroxidase - POD), total soluble sugars (TSS), reducing sugars (RS), starch, respiration, and ethylene content. Doses of 4 and 6 L ha-1 of B. subtilis increased SS (13%), TA (58%), AA (30%), CA (17%), TPC, DPPH (50%), H2O2 (30%), CAT activity (11%), POD, starch (46%), and respiration, while the ratio (SS/TA) was reduced by 27%, as well as LP (20%), SOD activity (6%), and RS content (28%) compared to the control. Pre-harvest application of the B. subtilis-based biofungicide at doses of 4 and 6 L ha-1 improved tomato fruits' physicochemical and qualitative characteristics, enhancing the antioxidant system and reducing membrane damage to maintain tissue integrity.
Received: 19/03/2024 | Revised: 16/10/2024 | Accepted: 20/10/2024
Pages 136-144 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p143
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No-tillage improves summer rocket yields by reducing soil temperature and weed density and increasing soil potassium contents
Andreia Cristina Silva Hirata*, Edson Kiyoharu Hirata, Amarílis Beraldo Rós
Agency for Agribusiness Technology of São Paulo (APTA Regional), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
Sato-Hirata Seedlings, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
Andréia CS Hirata: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5670-8751
Edson K Hirata: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-9854
Abstract
Introducing a grass cover crop into the rocket production system is an option to increase diversity and sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of no-tillage system for growing rocket (Eruca sativa) cultivars in two successive crops (cover crop – rocket first crop – rocket second crop) in the summer, using ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) as cover crop, and its effects on weed management and soil fertility and temperature. A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, in a 2×3 split-plot arrangement consisting of two soil management systems (1 - no-tillage – NT; 2 - conventional tillage - CT) in the plots and three rocket cultivars (Cultivada, Folha Larga, and Selecta) in the subplots. The dry and fresh weight of rocket and soil temperature and macronutrient contents were evaluated and weed species were identified and counted. The results showed that the cultivars exhibited similar adaptability to NT. However, rocket yield increased in the second crop in NT system. Soil temperature during the hottest times of the day decreased by up to 3.8 °C due to the introduction of the grass cover crop into the system. Weed infestation in the first crop decreased by 74.8% in NT (135.2 plants m-2) compared to CT (536.1 plants m-2). Digitaria horizontalis was the weed species that presented the highest density in both soil management systems. Soil K contents increased after the two rocket crops in NT system. The results indicate that the rocket cultivars can be successfully grown under no-tillage system, contributing to the sustainability of the crop production system.
Received: 26/03/2024 | Revised: 27/09/2024 | Accepted: 29/10/2024
Pages 145-151 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p154
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Pumpkin (Cucurbita ssp.): A neglected and underutilized crop with potential for production in Africa
Jane Muthoni*, Hussein Shimelis
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Kenya
African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X01, Scottsxille 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
ORCID: 0000-0002-9450-1222
Abstract
The genus Cucurbita includes 20-27 species of which 5 are the most cultivated in the world. The 5 species are Cucurbita argyrosperma, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita maxima D (giant/tropical/African pumpkin), C. moschata D (butternut/winter squash) and C. pepo L.(Courgette/Zucchini). Cucurbita moschata D, C. pepo L and C. maxima D are the most commonly cultivated species worldwide and have high production. This review paper discusses the 3 species of Cucurbita that are commonly grown worldwide. In addition, it looks at their production and utilization in some African countries. Cucurbita species are considered to be native to Central and South America and are distributed from United States to Argentina. They are warm-season annuals, thriving in hot and humid conditions. The term ‘pumpkin’ refers to the 5 species commonly cultivated globally. Pumpkins are grown in almost all arable regions of the world, from cool temperate to warm tropical zones. They are grown for their fruits, leaves, flowers and seeds. Asia is the largest producer of pumpkins followed by Europe with Africa coming a far third. China is the world’s largest producer accounting for more than 30% of global production. Pumpkin is highly nutritious; the leaves, fruits, flowers and seeds are health promoting food. Pumpkins are used to cure many diseases. The fruit is an excellent source of vitamin A which the body needs for proper growth, healthy eyes and protection from diseases. However, pumpkins are neglected and underutilized in Africa. They are considered poor man’s food and receive minimal attention from researchers and policy-makers. There is need to promote pumpkin production and utilization in Africa.
Received: 29/05/2024 | Revised: 29/08/2024 | Accepted: 08/10/2024
Pages 152-160 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p212
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Impact of accelerated ageing on seed germination capacity and antioxidant in Moroccan durum wheat
Malika Ouzouline*, Kawtar Jdaini, Halima Bouchentouf, Hana Serghini Caid*
Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1509-3354
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of accelerated ageing on seed viability and vitality as well as the changes in certain chemical parameters such as electrical conductivity and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system of two durum wheat varieties (Isly and Marzaq). The wheat grains were placed under a temperature of 40°C and 100% humidity for a period of 2 to 8 days. The various measurements are repeated three times for each lot being studied. After a treatment exposure of 8 days, there was a significant decrease in germination capacity of 24.45% for IS and 41.67% for MZ as well as a decrease in total phenol content of 12.32% for IS and 21.07% for MZ and a decrease in carotenoid content -which is extracted in acetone- of 35.44% for IS and 7.44% for MZ. The enzymatic system was influenced by accelerated ageing, marked by a significant decrease in catalase activity of 45.59% for IS and 43.43% for MZ and a significant decrease in peroxidase activity of 62.81% for IS and 50.42% for MZ. After 24 hours of incubation in distilled water, both varieties and all lots saw an increase in electrical conductivity. Despite 8 days of treatment, there was no significant difference in the lipid composition analysis. The use of the accelerated ageing test enabled us to identify the MZ variety as the better performing variety, and the study of the antioxidant system is a good indicator of which variety is better able to withstand the effects of the accelerated ageing test.
Received: 08/07/2024 | Revised: 12/10/2024 | Accepted: 29/10/2024
Pages 161-167 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p241
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Potassium promotes yield, quality and economic returns of two sweet potato varieties in acidic loamy sand soil
Benjapon Kunlanit*, Ruchuon Wanna, Phirayot Khaengkhan, Darika Bunphan, Tanapon Siritrakulsak, Somchai Butnan, Tuan Vu Dinh
Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Resource Management in Agricultural Technology Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Department of Plant science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, 02 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam
Abstract
Potassium (K) deficiency can limit growth and yield of sweet potato, particularly in sandy soils with a low pH. Most previous studies that focused on investigating rate of K applied for sweet potato did not use strongly acidic sandy soil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of K on growth parameters, storage root yield, quality, and economic return over fertilizer cost of two sweet potato varieties grown in a strongly acidic loamy sand soil in Kalasin province, Northeast Thailand. An experiment with a 2 × 4 split plot design and four replications was established. The factors consisted of two sweet potato varieties (Beni Haruka and Okinawa-Kugani-Imo) and four K rates, 0 (control), 30, 60 and 90 kg K ha-1. At the rate of 90 kg K ha-1, storage root yield, total soluble solids, and economic return of Okinawa-Kugani-Imo variety were better than those of Beni Haruka. Storage root yield and economic return of Okinawa-Kugani-Imo were significantly increased with increasing K application rate up to 90 kg K ha-1, while Beni Haruka had the same trend up to 60 kg K ha-1, but had no significant differences when increasing the rate to 90 kg K ha-1. Therefore, recommended K application rates for sweet potato variety Okinawa-Kugani-Imo and Beni Haruka, grown in the dry season after paddy rice harvest in the acidic loamy sand soil, were 90 and 60 kg K ha-1, respectively.
Received: 10/07/2024 | Revised: 12/11/2024 | Accepted: 20/12/2024
Pages 168-174 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p243
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Effects of water and temperature on the physiological potential of Albizia polycephala (benth) killip seeds
Ivanildo Claudino da Silva, Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade Melo*, João Luciano de Andrade Melo Junior, Larice Bruna Ferreira Soares, Reinaldo de Alencar Paes, Thaíse dos Santos Berto, Keven Willian Sarmento Galdino da Silva, Natália Marinho Silva Crisóstomo, Adriana Guimarães Duarte, Jaqueline Figueredo de Oliveira Costa and Adrielle Naiana Ribeiro Soares Tenório
Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Agronomy Department, Campus of Engineering and Agrarian Sciences (CECA), BR 104/Norte - Km 85, Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-2873
Abstract
The significant presence of Albizia polycephala (Benth) Killip in various forest ecosystems highlights its potential to play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem stability. Understanding and promoting the use of this species can greatly contribute to the preservation and restoration of natural environments, as well as sustainable agricultural practices. Seed germination is a complex process influenced by several abiotic factors, notably moisture and temperature. These factors are critical, and under extreme conditions, they can cause irreparable damage to seeds. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of varying water volumes in the substrate and temperatures on the physiological viability of A. polycephala seeds. The interaction between ecology and agriculture is essential to promote sustainable agricultural practices that respect natural ecosystems. Proper forest management can ensure biodiversity conservation and agroecosystem stability. Investing in agroforestry systems can contribute to the restoration of degraded landscapes, fostering harmonious coexistence between agricultural production and environmental preservation.The experiment was conducted at the Fitotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (CECA-UFAL), in Rio Largo – AL. Treatments included water volumes equivalent to 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 times the dry mass of the substrate, with constant temperatures of 30°C and alternating temperatures of 20-30°C. Substrates were not rewetted during the experiment. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed, and when significance was observed in the F-test, means were compared using Tukey's test at a 5% probability level. Additionally, regression analysis was conducted to analyze quantitative effects. The alternating temperature regime of 20-30°C and a water volume of 3.5 times the mass of the dry substrate proved to be the most favorable combination for conducting germination and vigor tests of A. polycephala seeds. These findings can inform ecological restoration projects and agricultural strategies aimed at enhancing seed viability and supporting ecosystem resilience.
Received: 12/07/2024 | Revised: 09/10/2024 | Accepted: 13/12/2024
Pages 175-179 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p247
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Important factors affecting production and marketing in a cocoa supply chain
Adam Malik, Arifuddin Lamusa, Effendy, Olivia Esther Caroline Rumangkang, Muhardi*
Forestry Studies Program, Forestry Faculty of Tadulako University, Palu, 94118, Indonesia
Department of Agriculture Economics, Agriculture Faculty of Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
Master of Agribusiness Study Program, Agriculture Faculty of Tadulako University, Palu 94118, Indonesia
Department of Agroecotechnology, Agriculture Faculty of Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
ORCID: 0000-0003-1630-532X
Abstract
A sustainable cocoa production needs a solid supply chain and its possible interventions. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the main factors in sustainable cocoa production and marketing, focusing on farmers as the core stakeholders in the cocoa supply chain. This research used a quantitative survey method. The data was collected using a questionnaire that asked questions about the production of cocoa beans, ranging from cocoa cultivation to post-harvest and marketing. To achieve the research objectives, confirmatory factor analysis and probit regression were used. The results show that the availability of seeds, applying chemical and organic fertilizers, use of pesticides, and farming capital were the main factors in cocoa cultivation. The use of organic fertilizers offered the biggest contribution, followed by chemical fertilizers and farming capital. Water content and cleanliness of cocoa beans were the main factor of post-harvest. Supplier attributes, such as education, access to extension, farming experience, off-farm, access to credit, and access to production inputs, affected the sale of cocoa beans to marketing outlets.
Received: 08/08/2024 | Revised: 14/12/2024 | Accepted: 20/12/2024
Pages 180-185 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p259
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Chemical fertilizer enhances growth, yield and quality of two varieties of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Benjapon Kunlanit*, Ruchuon Wanna, Phirayot Khaengkhan, Darika Bunphan, Tanapon Siritrakulsak, Somchai Butnan, Tuan Vu Dinh
Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Resource Management in Agricultural Technology Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Department of Plant science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, 02 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer on the growth, yield, and quality of two varieties of muskmelon. A 2×4 split-plot design with four replications was employed. The factors included two Thai muskmelon varieties (Nan and Homlamon) and four chemical fertilizer rates: 1) no fertilizer (CF1), 2) N-P-K rate of 18.75-15-15 kg ha-1 (CF2), 3) N-P-K rate of 37.50-30-30 kg ha-1 (CF3), and 4) N-P-K rate of 56.25-45-45 kg ha-1 (CF4). The muskmelons were grown in loamy sandy soil on a farmer’s field from December 2023 to March 2024. Growth, yield, and quality parameters were measured. The results indicated that CF3 and CF4 significantly enhanced growth, yield, and quality parameters (e.g., total soluble solids and fruit firmness) in both varieties compared to other treatments. In terms of economic return, CF3 was recommended for the Nan variety, while CF4 was recommended for the Homlamon variety, as these treatments provided the highest economic returns. This study suggests that the two muskmelon varieties have different chemical fertilizer requirements for optimal performance.
Received: 15/08/2024 | Revised: 14/11/2024 | Accepted: 20/12/2024
Pages 186-191 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p270
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Chlorophyll and respiration profiles of three different varieties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). under waterlogging
Ismul Mauludin Al Habib, Hanif Rafika Putri, Hasni Umul Hasanah
Biology Education Department, Argopuro PGRI University, Jember, East Java, Indonesia
Abstract
Evaluation of the chlorophyll content and respiration of tobacco plants under waterlogging conditions is rarely reported. This research aims to evaluate the response of tobacco in recovery of chlorophyll and respiration during and after waterlogging. This research is important for plant breeders to increase tolerance to waterlogging in tobacco. We used a factorial randomized block design with 3 replications, 2 factors (waterlogging treatment and tobacco genotypes that were tolerant, moderate and sensitive to waterlogging). Observations were made at 45 days after planting. Chlorophyll and respiration were studied at levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of field capacity of waterlogging. Determination of chlorophyll content was carried out using acetone solvent. Observation of respiration was done using titration with 0.1 N KOH, using 1% PP indicator solution in 20 alcohol. The results showed that the amount of chlorophyll of genotype Bojonegoro 1 did not change in 20% waterlogging compared to the control (0%). Changes were observed in waterlogging of 40% and 60%. The amount of chlorophyll in the Benyak genotype looked unstable starting from 20%, 40% and 60% of waterlogging. A similar condition was also experienced by the GT genotype. The Bojonegoro 1 genotype had better respiratory stability, while the Benyak genotype and the GT genotype showed a higher respiration rate than the control. These conditions showed that waterlogging conditions influence the respiration levels of various genotypes. All tobacco genotypes showed a decrease in chlorophyll along with the increased percentage of waterlogging. The results indicate that each tobacco genotype has a special system for managing waterlogging stress.
Received: 17/08/2024 | Revised: 08/12/2024 | Accepted: 10/12/2024
Pages 192-198 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p276
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Effect of biochar application on growth, physiology and yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] under salt stress
Van-Giang Tong, Thi-Huyen Tran, Thi-Lan-Huong Hoang, Trong-Truong-Son Nguyen, Dong-Cheol Jang, The-Khuynh Bui, Thi-Tuyet-Cham Le, Ngoc-Thang Vu* and Ngoc-Lan Vu*
Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Hong Duc University, Thanh Hoa, 440000, Vietnam
Plant Resources Center, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
Hanoi University of Natural Resource and Environment, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
Abstract
A pot study was conducted to understand the effects of biochar on the growth, physiology, and yield of soybean under salt stress. Different biochar application rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons ha-1) were applied to the soil before soybean seeds were sown into pots. Salinity treatment was applied at the flowering stage by irrigating soybean plants with 100 ml of NaCl (100 mM) once every 3 days. The treatment lasted 30 days, and a total of 1000 ml of NaCl solution was applied to each pot. Salinity significantly decreased the growth and yield of soybean. Biochar application at 10 tons ha-1 significantly increased the growth and yield components including root length, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight, nodule number plant-1, Fv/Fm, leaf chlorophyll content, pod number plant-1, 100-seed weight, and grain yield whereas the leaves' relative ion leakage and water saturation deficit both decreased. Our findings suggested the application of 10 tons ha-1 biochar can promote an optimal growth, physiology and high yield of soybean.
Received: 12/09/2024 | Revised: 27/12/2024 | Accepted: 02/01/2025
Pages 199-205 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p292
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Effects of different packaging treatments and storage durations on the quality of enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes) with nano edible coating
Kusumiyati Kusumiyati*, Mochamad Arief Soleh, Bambang Nurhadi, Wawan Sutari
Master Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Department of Food Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agric. Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang km. 21. Jatinangor Bandung 45363, Indonesia
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8974-5436
Abstract
Enoki mushrooms are edible commodities that can support a healthy lifestyle due to their various beneficial compounds. However, improper post-harvest handling can cause significant damage, leading to the loss of nutrients and a short shelf life. To overcome the challenge, post-harvest technologies, such as nano edible coating and packaging offer various benefits, including slow spoilage, high quality, and extended shelf life. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of packaging treatments and storage durations on the quality of enoki mushrooms with nano edible coating. The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, from April to August 2024 using a completely randomized design with 6 treatment combinations. These included packaging (vacuum and mica) and storage durations (0, 7, and 14 days). The treatments were replicated 4 times, leading to a total of 24 experimental units, which each consisted of 2 mushrooms (100 g/mushroom). The results showed that packaging treatments and storage duration affected moisture content, color (a*, b*, and C*), total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and antioxidant capacity of enoki mushrooms. The moisture content was higher in mica packaging after a 14-days storage period. The total phenolic content remained constant throughout the storage period for enoki mushrooms with vacuum packaging. Antioxidant activity and capacity remained constant throughout storage period for enoki mushrooms with vacuum packaging. We suggest that further research be conducted using different packaging methods, storage durations, temperature, and secondary metabolites.
Received: 13/09/2024 | Revised: 20/11/2024 | Accepted: 20/12/2024
Pages 206-211 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p293
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Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with microbial organic fertilizer improves soil properties, yield and quality of tomato
Thiem Thi Tran*, Cuong Van Pham, Tan Ngoc Bui, Quynh Thi Ha, Roel Rodriguez Suralta
Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
Center for International Plant Research Vietnam and Japan, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
DA-Crop Biotechnology Center, Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice), Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3119, Philippines
Abstract
The partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with microbial organic fertilizer (OF) may be more beneficial and sustainable in crop production. This study aimed to examine the rate of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer (CF) with microbial OF that could improve soil chemical properties and maintain high fruit yield and quality in tomato, and to determine the extent of contribution of the agronomic traits to fruit yield in tomato. The experiments were conducted in the field from February to June in 2020 and 2021 and arranged in RCBD with four treatments: 100% chemical fertilizer (control) and 25, 50 and 75% substitution of CF with microbial OF. The agronomic parameters such as plant height, leaf number, shoot dry weight and fruit yield as well as fruit quality were measured. The results showed that partial substitution of CF with microbial OF significantly promoted plant growth and fruit yield and improved fruit quality in tomato via the improvement of soil chemical properties. The 25% substitution of CF with microbial OF could be optimal for tomato production in Hung Yen province, Vietnam which has the fluvisol and loam soil. Furthermore, the tomato fruit yield was greatly influenced by the number of fruits per plant (r2 =0.89), fruit weight (r2 =0.49) and the shoot dry weight (r2 = 0.40). The changes in these three agronomic traits collectively contributed to 95% changes in the tomato yield. The present findings suggested that farmer can substitute CF with 25% microbial OF and focus more on increasing the number of fruits per plant to optimize fruit yield in tomato.
Received: 24/10/2024 | Revised: 04/12/2025 | Accepted: 06/02/2025
Pages 212-219 | Read Article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.02.p314