The agronomic characteristics and combining ability of glutinous Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile rice (Oryza sativa) lines
Nguyen Thanh Tung, Dang Thi Huong, Tran Thi Huyen, Le Thi Tuyet Cham, Chu Duc Ha, Nguyen Van Loc, Tran Van Quang*
Crops Research and Development of Institute, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 122300, Vietnam
Abstract: Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa), despite its unique culinary qualities, typically yields less than other rice varieties, posing agricultural and economic challenges. The construction of a glutinous thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice variety could indeed be a way to improve the yield and cultivation efficiency of glutinous rice. Among them, the two-line system operates by crossing a TGMS line, which is sterile at high temperatures but fertile at lower temperatures, with a normal fertile line. In this study, we conducted to access morphological characteristics and combining ability of some glutinous TGMS lines. The parental lines were characterized on 13 agronomic traits including growth duration, plant height, flag leaf width, flag leaf length, panicle length, rachis length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of panicles per plant, percentage of filled grains, P1000 seeds, grain yield, and amylose content. The obtained results revealed significant variations in growth traits, yield, and amylose content of studied rice lines. Hierarchical clustering based on principal component analysis of rice lines on all measured traits showed three major clusters with high genetic diversity. Furthermore, fifteen glutinous TGMS rice lines and three testers were used in a Line x Tester mating system to produce 45 hybrids. The 45 hybrids were evaluated on 6 traits related to grain yield and morphology in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications. A line x tester analysis was conducted to estimate the combining ability, genetic variance, and the contribution of parental lines to genetic variation in hybrids. These findings were valuable for rice breeders to orient the strategy for breeding of hybrid glutinous rice varieties with high efficiency.
Submitted: 29/08/2023 | Revised: 10/01/2024 | Accepted: 02/04/2024
Pages 442-447 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.pne-03
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Application of mannitol as pre-treatment and sucrose supports callus induction through anther culture in Gossypium arboreum
Wiwik Indrawati, Any Kusumastuti, Muhammad Zahir Ahsan, and Muhammad Tahir, Jakty Kusuma*
Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Cotton Research Station, Sahiwal, Pakistan
Abstract: Diploid or tree cotton (Gossypium arboreum) species may provide a breeding source for fiber quality and disease resistance. Developing homozygous lines of Gossypium arboreum through anther culture can be a successful strategy for breeding the parental lines needed for cotton hybrids. This study describes callus induction on four G. arboreum genoytypes under various concentrations of sucrose as well as plant growth regulators. Explant materials were derived from immature anther and grew on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Prior to main treatment, mannitol application were applied to anthers with concentration of 0.7 M and modified MS media consisted of 3%, 5%, and 7% sucrose, as well as an addition of IAA, NAA, BAP, 2,4-D and Kin. Optimum callus formation was observed in Marvi genotype, in a medium containg IAA as well as sucrose between 5-7%. Furthermore, combination of IAA and NAA with sucrose 7% indicates highest number of embryogenic calli. However, Marvi genotype showed decreased rate of callus formation when the amount of sucrose increased on MS supplemented with NAA medium. The results indicated that the best formula on each genotypes were different. However, MS media with IAA (1 mg/l) + kin (0.2 mg/l) + CM (70 ml/l) + sucrose 5% provided the best performance to produce embryogenic calli on each genotypes. Our report can be utilized as an opportunity and strategy to obtain double haploid lines as a parental source in hybrid production.
Submitted: 08/05/2024 | Revised: 08/08/2024 | Accepted: 16/08/2024
Pages 448-452 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.p1411
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Pseudomonas fluorescens in plant growth promotion and biocontrol: A focus on secondary metabolites, IAA, and siderophores
Mayara dos Santos Queiroz, Luanna Paula Lopes, Pedro Bianchini, Renan Rissato Spessato, Glacy Jaqueline da Silva*
Biotechnology Department, Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
Agronomy Departmment, Graduate program in Agronomy Engineering, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
Agronomy Departmment, Graduate program in Agronomy Engineering, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
Faculty of Agronomic Engineering. Paranaense University, Umuarama Paraná, Brazil
Biotechnology Department, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
Abstract: Pseudomonas fluorescens, a Gram-negative bacterium abundant in soil, plays a critical role in promoting plant growth and controlling pathogens, demonstrating remarkable biocontrol capabilities. This review explores the utility of P. fluorescens and its ability to produce secondary metabolites, IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid), and siderophores, addressing agricultural challenges under the strains of climate change. It emphasizes its role as a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB), synthesizing recent findings on its contributions to enhancing plant resilience, pathogen resistance, and sustainable agricultural practices. The production of secondary metabolites, IAA, and siderophores by P. fluorescens is examined for its effectiveness in biocontrol, nutrient mobilization, and hormonal regulation. These functions are critically analyzed through diverse research methodologies, including laboratory and field trials, underscoring the bacterium’s pivotal role in advancing agricultural sustainability and productivity. As the agricultural sector increasingly focuses on bio-products and the exploration of soil microorganisms, P. fluorescens emerges as a promising solution to enhance farming resilience in the face of climatic adversities.
Submitted: 09/10/2023 | Revised: 03/05/2024 | Accepted: 24/05/2024
Pages 453-459 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.p4076
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Weed phytosociology survey in a Brazilian native pineapple, variety Turiaçu
Mayara de Sousa dos Santos, Maria da Paz Pires Silva, Edmilson Igor Bernardo Almeida*, Marcelo de Sousa da Silva, Andreza Maciel de Sousa, Cyntia Airagna Fortes dos Santos, Marileia Barros Furtado, Washington da Silva de Sousa, Luisa Julieth Parra-Serrano, Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva-Matos
Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil, 65.500-000
Abstract: The native pineapple variety Turiaçu holds significant market value and substantial export potential in comparison to other traditional pineapple varieties. Despite its economic importance, there is limited research on weed management for pineapple Turiaçu. Weed interference poses a threat to various crops at different phenological stages. This study had two primary objectives: (1) to assess the dynamics of weeds in a Turiaçu pineapple orchard across different climatic seasons and (2) to determine the critical control phase for weed management. We conducted weed phytosociological surveys during the dry, transition, and rainy seasons. Conventional methods were employed in 20 samples per season, evaluating relative density, relative frequency, relative abundance, importance value index, and Soresen's similarity index. Our findings revealed the presence of 32 weed species, spanning 24 genera and 12 botanical families, predominantly eudicotyledonous (78%), with an annual life cycle (50%) and sexual reproduction (78%). Seasonal variations significantly influenced the weed community, with a 500% increase in the number of species during the rainy season compared to the dry season. Based on our observations, we recommend implementing soil cover methods for controlling the weed seed bank. This approach is crucial in all seasons, with particular emphasis on the transition season, characterized by a relatively short and latent weed community that is more easily manageable.
Submitted: 18/10/2023 | Revised: 15/05/2024 | Accepted: 24/05/2024
Pages 460-465 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.p4083
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Seed size improves vigor and emergence of Cenostigma tocantinum seedlings
Ruan Santos de Farias, Sérgio Heitor Sousa Felipe, Vanessa Nascimento Brito*
Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira, Brazil
Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
Abstract: Cenostigma tocantinum is a tree native to Brazil, with high timber and urban landscape potential. This species is propagated by seeds; however, few studies have reported the production of seedlings with higher quality standards. This study aimed to evaluate the emergence and initial growth of C. tocantinum seedlings of contrasting seed sizes (small and large). The design was completely randomized with two treatments [small seed (dimensions of length 1.20 cm; width 1.00 cm; thickness 0.32 cm; and fresh weight 0.18 g) and large seed (dimensions of length 1.52 cm; width 1.35 cm; thickness 0.39 cm; and fresh weight 0.37 g)] and four replicates of 25 seeds each. One hundred seeds from each group were randomly selected for measurements of the length, thickness, width and fresh weight. During the experiment, the following emergence and emergence speed index (ESI) were assessed. After 10 days of sowing, the shoot and root lengths, stem diameter, and shoot and root dry weights were assessed. The results showed that the length, width, thickness, and fresh weight of large seeds were 27, 35, 22, and 106% greater, respectively, than those of the small seeds. Regarding emergence (ranging from 21.8 to 23.8%) and ESI (ranging from 4.4 to 4.8), no significant differences were observed (P > 0.05) between large and small seed sets. More importantly, large seeds favored the development of seedlings with shoot length, root length, collar diameter, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight that were 29, 38, 17, 93, and 109% higher, respectively, than those of small seeds. Thus, C. tocantinum seeds can be stratified into two different sizes (small and large), with large seeds providing the initial growth of more vigorous seedlings (e.g., growth, development, and dry weight). The findings of this study can aid seedling producers in improving their product to meet higher quality standards.
Submitted: 17/11/2023 | Revised: 05/05/2024 | Accepted: 24/05/2024
Pages 466-470 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.pne49
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Micropropagation of three ginger cultivars and the subsequent growth and rhizome yield assessment and phytochemical composition analysis
Guochen Yang*, Julia C. Robinson, William E. Lashley IV, and Radiah C. Minor
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
Abstract: Farmers have turned to biotechnology techniques to produce ginger, due to disease issues. Micropropagation is a proven and effective means for mass production of disease-free plants. Our research focused on ginger cultivar specific reactions (from culture initiation to rhizome harvest) to plant growth regulators (PGRs) to determine if plant response to PGRs is cultivar specific. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) cultivars studied were: Chinese White (CW), Hawaii Yellow (HY), and Khing Yai (KY) under benzylaminopurine (BA) versus kinetin (KT) treatments using MS basal medium to micropropagate ginger seedlings and subsequent growth and yield performance and phytochemical composition analysis. In vitro culture data were collected every month for number of buds and shoots (and shoot length) produced per initiating bud and shoot growth. Mature seedlings were subsequently transplanted in a greenhouse with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications, 18 plants per replication (Main Plot = Cultivar, Sub Plot = PGR) for a total of 72 pots/plants. Growth data included number of stems per seedling, stem length, and stem diameter. Rhizome yield data included number of pieces of rhizome per seedling, and rhizome weights (biological, edible, and total rhizome weights respectively). Phytochemical composition analysis of ginger rhizome/PGR treatment included average amount of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogoal, 8-shogoal, and 10-shogoal. Data was analyzed using SAS OnDemand for Academics with PROC GLM at α=0.05 level of significance. As ginger tissue culture seedlings progressed in culture, KT was more suitable for multiplication of buds, BA more suitable for proliferation of shoots, and KT matured ginger tissue culture seedlings at a higher rate than BA. CW had the highest rhizome yield and least amount of biological roots in comparison to other cultivars. CW produced the least amount of 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 8-shogoal and 10-shogoal of all three cultivars and with no significant change between two PGR treatments. In comparison, HY produced the highest amount of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogoal, and 8-shogoal, followed by KY and CW, when micropropagated with BA. KY produced the highest amount of 10-shogoal when micropropagated with BA and the highest amount of 6-gingerol, 6-shogoal, 8-shogoal, and 10-shogoal when micropropagated with KT.
Submitted:14/12/2023 | Revised: 11/03/2024 | Accepted: 24/05/2024
Pages 471-478 | Read article| Full Text PDF| Supplementary data PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.pne68
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Performance and yield estimation of sugarcane varieties for pot still cachaça production
Guilherme Vieira Pimentel*, Sérgio Hebron Maia Godinho, Guilherme Boncompagni, Luiz Daniel Rodrigues da Silva, Fernanda Hellen Santana Souza, Amanda Santana Chales
Departamento de Agronomia, Escola de Ciências Agrárias de Lavras, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Departamento de Ciências do Solo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias de Lavras, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Abstract: Cachaça is an alcoholic beverage obtained through the distillation of fermented sugarcane juice. It is the sugarcane distillate most consumed in Brazil. Despite the traditional nature and economic importance of cachaça, the production chain in Brazil is not technologically homogeneous; low-yielding varieties of sugarcane with susceptibility to various diseases are common. The pot still cachaças undergo delicate distillation processes in copper pot stills using wild yeast strains for fermentation, and the most exceptional and expensive cachaças can be found on the market in Brazil. The objective of this study was to assess modern sugarcane varieties for the production of artisanal cachaça and to propose a new methodology to obtain the expected yield in liters of cachaça per hectare. A randomized block experimental design was used in a 4 (sugarcane varieties) × 3 (harvest times) factorial arrangement, with five replications. At the end of three crop seasons after harvest, the yield components, soluble solids content, and expected cachaça yield were evaluated. The highest levels of soluble solids (ºBrix) were for CTC4 and RB966928. Based on data from three crop seasons, the CTC9002 variety showed the highest stalk yield per hectare (SYH). The estimated yield methodology allowed for comprehensive assessment of the main sugarcane production characteristics, providing reliability and practicality in estimating cachaça yield. Based on analysis of yield components and mean cachaça yield (liters/ha) over three crop seasons, CTC9002 is recommended for inclusion in the panel of varieties for cachaça production.
Submitted: 18/12/2023 | Revised: 13/03/2024 | Accepted: 07/05/2024
Pages 479-485 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.pne69
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In vitro germination and establishment of Platonia insignis Mart. from immature fruit and seed rescue
Karina da Silva Vieira, Givago Lopes Alves, Sérgio Heitor Sousa Felipe, Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro, Irislene Souza Albuquerque, Tácila Rayene Marinho Dutra, Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis Figueiredo, Fabrício de Oliveira Reis, Tiago Massi Ferraz, Diego Silva Batista, Thais Roseli Corrêa*
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, 65055-310, Brazil
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, 65055-310, Brazil
Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Campus Frederico Westphalen (URI-FW), Frederico Westphalen, RS, 98400-000, Brazil
Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, PB, 58220-000, Brazil
Abstract: Platonia insignis Mart. is a species native to the Brazilian Amazon that has fruits of high commercial value and potential use in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, the techniques for its propagation are limited. In the present study, we aimed to establish P. insignis in vitro by germinating immature seeds from the fruit. Immature fruits were collected, disinfected, and their seeds were placed in the following culture media (50 mL): agar + distilled water; MS0 (no growth regulators); MS + 1 μM BAP; MS + 2 μM BAP; MS + 3 μM BAP; MS + 1 μM GA3; MS + 2 μM GA3; and MS + 3 μM GA3 in a growth chamber at 24 ± 2 ºC in the dark, until shoot emergence. Callus formation, oxidation, germination, number of seedlings, shoot emergence, radicle, and shoot length were measured every 15 days after inoculation (DAI). At 60 DAI, seedlings grown without growth regulators had higher or equal values for all variables than those cultivated with growth regulators. The in vitro germination and establishment of P. insignis were efficient and feasible and could contribute to its domestication by reducing the germination time to approximately 60 days, producing homogeneous plants in a short period, and making it possible to explore other biotechnological techniques for this species.
Submitted: 20/12/2023 | Revised: 09/02/2024 | Accepted: 07/05/2024
Pages 486-492 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.pne71
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Fermentation characteristics of silage of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) cultivars combined with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hull
Francismar de Camargo Anchieta Trevisoli, Paulo Vitor Divino Xavier de Freitas, Leonardo Guimarães Oliveira, Daniel Staciarini Corrêa, Priscila Anchieta Trevisoli, Reginaldo Nassar Ferreira, Reginaldo Jacovetti, Francine Neves Calil, Carlos de Melo Silva-Neto*, Aldi Fernandes de Souza França
Animal Science Department, Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil
Animal Science Department, State University of Goiás, Goias, Brazil
Biology Institute II, Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil
Superior school of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
Federal University of Goiás, Brazil
Federal Institute of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
Abstract: This study examines the fermentation characteristics of silage of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) cultivars (BRS 1501, ADR 500, ADR 8010) harvested at 65 days of vegetative growth with the inclusion of levels of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hulls (0, 3, 6 and 10%). Millet was harvested and ensiled in small silo (mini silo) and kept for 30 days. The laid out in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement with three replicates, where the mini silo was considered an experimental unit. Characteristics such as effluent losses, gas losses, dry matter recovery index and silage composition were evaluated. The highest soybean hull inclusion level (10%) resulted in the lowest gas and effluent losses. Silage dry matter recovery did not differ in response to the inclusion of soybean hulls or between cultivars. Silage pH values ranged from 4.07 to 4.85. Mean buffering capacity ranged from 10.82 (ADR 8010) to 30.19 (ADR 8010) mEq NaOH/100 g DM among treatments. Mean soluble carbohydrate content differed according to the soybean hull inclusion levels and cultivars. Lactic acid content was influenced by the soybean hull inclusion levels, ranging from 5.07% (ADR 8010; at 10% inclusion) to 7.10% (BRS 1501; in control treatment). The inclusion of soybean hulls in the silage of pearl millet cultivars promoted the production of good-quality silage with lower gas and effluent losses. Therefore, the maximum recommended level to include is 10%.
Submitted: 10/01/2024 | Revised: 20/03/2024 | Accepted: 07/05/2024
Pages 493-499 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.pne88
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Alternative plant protection using an indigenous bacterium (Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans) isolated from agricultural soil of potato fields in Western Algeria to biodegrade common pesticides
Nahla Bekenniche*, Arezki Ait Abdeslam, Djamila Maghnia
Laboratory of Food Technology and nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Abdelhamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mustapha Stambouli Mascara -29000, Algeria
Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology, BioDePollution and PhytoRemediation (BTE-BD-PR), Department of Biology, SNV Faculty, Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella University -31000, Oran, Algeria
Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Abdelhamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
Abstract: Nowadays, it is highly important to find ways to degrade pesticides residues from the environment. We studied degradation of Carbamate, Copper sulphate - Cymoxanil and Cycloxydim by using an indeginous bacterium Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans. This bacteria uses pesticides as source of carbon and solubilize them by their enzymatic machinery. Four bacteria were isolated from from an agricultural soil of potato crops. Experiments were conducted using mineral salt medium (MSM) on agar supplemented with two different pesticides as sole carbon and energy source: carbamate and acetamiprid. These organic pesticides contain carbon (example of carbamate: NH2COOH). Growth of bacteria could suggest that it has utilized the pesticide as its sole energy source, indicating its ability to degrade the pesticide. The effects of different factors on pesticides degradation were investigated such us pesticide tolerance. The bacteria was tested for the ability to tolerate high concentrations of pesticides to optimize the degradation conditions. The treatments consisted of carbon-free mineral salts medium (MSM) supplemented with pesticides that are usually used during cultivation of potato such as Acetamiprid, Carbamate, Copper sulphate - Cymoxanil and Cycloxydim at increasing concentrations (70, 100, 200 and 500mgl-1). Bacterial growth was monitored by daily measurement of the optical density at 600 nm on UV-1600 Spectrophotometer. Only one species (PF2 strain of Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans) showed potential to tolerate and mitigate the tested pesticides at high concentrations. Further, a phenotypic characterization was carried, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis performed to identify the PF2 strain. Pesticides did not show any significant inhibitory effect on the isolate PF2. Comparison of sequences with GenBank database gave similarity with Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans with 99.74% of homology. A phylogenetic tree of Stutzerimonas nitrititolerans was constructed to show relationship to closely related bacteria. The potential and efficiency of the strain PF2 using pesticides can be considered as a qualitative leap in the field of pesticide bioremediation in agricultural soils.
Submitted: 30/04/2024 | Revised: 14/08/2024 | Accepted: 16/08/2024
Pages 500-507 | Read article| Full Text PDF| https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.08.pne196