AJCS 18(07):416-424 (2024) ISSN:1835-2707

https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.07.p4074

Harnessing the potential of tiger nut (

Cyperus esculentus

L.) for food

and nutritional security, good health, and economic development of

Ghana or Africa. A review

Abstract: Tiger nuts (

Cyperus esculentus

L.) offer

significant benefits for food security, health, and

economic growth, particularly in Ghana and Africa. As a

nutritious food source, they are rich in dietary fiber,

vitamins, and minerals such as iron, potassium, and

magnesium. Additionally, they contain healthy

unsaturated fats and phytochemicals like flavonoids,

phenolic acids, and tannins, which combat

developing countries. This can help reduce poverty and

enhance food security. Despite these advantages,

further research and investment are necessary to fully

understand their health impacts and optimize

cultivation and processing methods. Such efforts can

promote tiger nut production and consumption,

particularly in poorer nations, leading to sustainable

development and improved livelihoods for farmers and

communities. This review aims to highlight how tiger

nuts (

promoting tiger nuts as a valuable resource for Ghana,

Africa, and the world.

Keywords: Crop productivity, Economic development; Food security;

Health benefits; Nutritional value; Sustainable agriculture.

making them a valuable source of nourishment (Donkor et al., 2021;

Gupta et al., 2020).

Tiger nuts offer several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and

antioxidant properties. (Garca-Seco et al., 2020) These health benefits

include; improving cardiovascular health (Oyedemi et al., 2017),

supporting digestive health (Marín-García et al., 2020), and aiding in

diabetes management (Adeyemi et al., 2019). Consuming tiger nut

tubers can be beneficial in preventing and treating various conditions

such as colon cancer (Adejuyitan et al., 2009), coronary heart disease,

and arteriosclerosis (Chukwuma et al., 2010), obesity, and

The growing demand for tiger nuts can result in expanded cultivation,

risking deforestation and habitat loss if not sustainably managed.

African nations must prioritize eco-friendly farming practices to protect

natural ecosystems while promoting tiger nut cultivation (Duruigbo et

al., 2013).

environmental conditions (Timon et al., 2019). Research should focus on

improving cultivation techniques, increasing yields, and enhancing

resistance to pests and diseases to support food security and economic

growth (Msaki-Mark et al., 2015).

To unlock the full potential of tiger nuts, research on cultivation and

genetic enhancement is vital. Genetic studies can lead to new varieties

with improved yield, disease resistance, and nutritional value (Donkor et

al., 2019). Collaboration among agricultural institutions, universities,

and the private sector can expedite the development of tailored

cultivars.

regions. While some information may have broader relevance, the

primary focus is on how tiger nuts can benefit Africa.

The review primarily discusses the advantages and prospects of tiger

nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) within the context of Ghana and Africa.

Although some insights may apply globally, the main emphasis is on

Nutritional Value of Tiger Nuts

Tiger nuts are a nutritious food rich in both soluble and insoluble fiber,

making them great for digestive health. Their high fiber content is linked

to reducing the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular

issues, and cancer (Abugoch-James et al., 2020). Tiger nuts also provide

a good amount of carbohydrates, which are a source of energy. These

carbs mainly consist of dietary fiber, starch, and some sugars (Donkor et

al., 2021, Akintoye et al., 2019).

Tiger nuts are also packed with beneficial unsaturated fatty acids like

oleic and linoleic acid. These fats can help lower the risk of heart disease

Moreover, tiger nuts contain a variety of phytochemicals like flavonoids,

phenolics, and tannins, known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer,

and antioxidant properties (Garca-Sánchez et al., 2020). Overall, tiger

nuts are a valuable food source, especially for those with limited access

benefits. They are seen as a promising dietary option for people with

diabetes, as they may have a positive impact on blood sugar levels

(Lusas et al., 2017). Studies also suggest that tiger nuts could help lower

cholesterol levels, improve blood pressure, and contribute to overall

heart health (Garca-Sánchez et al., 2020).

Furthermore, various studies have supported the idea that tiger nuts

offer several health advantages, such as reducing the risk of

cardiovascular diseases, enhancing digestion, and bolstering the

immune system (Kapewangolo et al., 2021; Yahya et al., 2021). Despite

their potential, tiger nuts remain underutilized in many parts of Africa,

Cardiovascular health: Oyedemi et al. (2017) reported that tiger nuts can

be good for your heart. Researchers found that tiger nuts lowered blood

pressure and improved the fats in the blood of rats. Another study by

Akintunde et al. (2020) showed that tiger nuts reduced cholesterol and

triglyceride levels in rats, which could lower the risk of heart disease.

bowel movements and increased fecal weight in healthy individuals,

while also reducing discomfort for those with functional constipation

(Marín-García et al., 2020).

Historically, tiger nuts have been used to address various digestive

issues like indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation (Bajaj et al.,

2019). Good digestive health is crucial for overall well-being, as it

ensures proper food absorption and waste elimination (Gibson et al.,

2010; Ayerza, 2009). Digestive problems such as irritable bowel

syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and constipation can

result from poor digestive health (Okullo et al., 2019).

et al., 2015).

Tiger nuts also contain prebiotics, which are non-digestible

carbohydrates that support the growth and activity of beneficial gut

bacteria (Sánchez-Zapata et al., 2013). By fostering healthy gut bacteria

and inhibiting harmful bacteria, prebiotics contribute to digestive health

natural compounds like flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which have

anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Roselló-Soto et al., 2019).

They can help reduce inflammation in the body's immune cells and

protect against oxidative stress (Megías et al., 2019; Hernández et al.,

2020).

These nuts have a long history as a traditional food in various cultures,

and research suggests they can be beneficial for overall health

(Ganatsios et al., 2021). They have been shown to have anti-

inflammatory effects, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

flavonoids and phenolic acids, which can combat oxidative stress and

lower the risk of chronic diseases (Tiwari et al., 2015). In vitro studies

have confirmed the antioxidant properties of tiger nut extract (Adepoju

et al., 2015).

inflammatory cytokines (Tiwari et al., 2015).

Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the production of

reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to neutralize them,

can lead to cell and tissue damage, contributing to chronic disorders

(Hammad et al., 2018). Tiger nuts, rich in antioxidants like phenolic

acids and flavonoids, can help counteract free radicals and reduce

oxidative stress (Tiwari et al., 2015). In vitro studies have shown that

tiger nut extract can significantly reduce free radicals (Adepoju et al.,

2015).

Inflammatory bowel disease, like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is

Inflammatory bowel disease (Fiagbor, 2017).

Diabetes management: Several studies have reported that tiger nuts may

have potential benefits for managing diabetes. Research has shown that

tiger nut extracts can lower blood glucose levels in diabetic rats