Volume 10 Issue 6 | June 2016
Table of Contents
10(6) 2016
DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06
10(6) 2016
DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06
Southern Cross Publishing©2016
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | June 2016
Volume 10 Number 6 Year 2016
Volume 10 Number 6 Year 2016
Efficiency and losses in mechanical harvesting of soybeans due to the plots format
Carla Segatto Strini Paixão¹*, Rouverson Pereira da Silva¹, Murilo Aparecido Voltarelli², Marcelo Tufaile Cassia¹, Tiago de Oliveira Tavares¹
¹UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
²Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Department Agricultural Engineering, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n - 36570-900 , Minas Gerais, Brasil
Abstract
Information about the capacity of the operation, harvest efficiency and performance of the harvester are of great importance in the management of agricultural mechanized systems, assisting in the decisions to be taken by the management aimed at its optimization. Mechanized harvesting was carried out at the farm located in Uberaba, Minas Gerais in which eight repetitions for each evaluated plot format (irregular rectangular and trapezoidal) were performed. The activities of the harvester (harvest, unloading grain, harvest problems and climate pauses were monitored up.
Pages 765-770 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p6688
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Breeding potato for high yields: A review
Jean Baptiste Muhinyuza1,2*, Hussein Shimelis1, Rob Melis1, Julia Sibiya1 and Magnifique Ndambe Nzaramba3
1University of KwaZulu-Natal, African Centre for Crop Improvement, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
2Rwanda Agriculture Board, Southern Zone, P.O. Box 138 Huye, Rwanda
3National Agricultural Export Development Board, P.O. Box 104 Kigali, Rwanda
Abstract
This article overviewed important topics related to the importance of potatoes, potato taxonomy and its origin and domestication. It also provided participatory research approach in potato breeding, and farmers’ trait preferences in potato breeding in Rwanda. Moreover, It went over potato genetics, conventional potato breeding for high yield, and molecular breeding applied to potato breeding such as maker-assisted breeding (MAB). In addition, gene action, and combining ability of potato yield were reviewed.
Pages 771-775 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p6775
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Response to water stress in transgenic (p5cs gene) wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.)
Denise Pavei1, Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal2 Adilson Ricken Schuelter3, Ivan Schuster3, Elisa Serra N. Vieira4, Eliane Cristina G. Vendruscolo5 and Juliana Parisotto Poletine2*
1Bióloga, Mestre, Professora Uniguaçu / Faesi, São Miguel do Iguaçu Pr, Brasil
2Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brasil
3Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola (Coodetec), Cascavel - PR, Brasil
4Embrapa Florestas, Colombo - PR, Brasil
5Universidade Federal Paraná, Campus Palotina - PR, Brasil
Abstract
Transgenic technology in plants has been used to introduce genes that perform as osmoprotection to obtain tolerant to abiotic stresses genotypes. Proline is considered as one of these osmoprotectors. Therefore, delta 1-pirrolyne-5-carboxylate synthesize (P5CS) enzyme, coded by p5cs gene is important and also a limiting factor in its pathway synthesis. This work aimed to evaluate proline accumulation in p5cs gene-transformed wheat plants. Experiment was conducted in randomized entirely design with 18 treatments (seven second generation (T2) transgenic plants, nine first generation (T1) transgenic plants and two checks with and without irrigation) and ten replications.
Pages 776-783 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7000
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Morphometric analysis of mango varieties in Sri Lanka
N. Krishnapillai1* and R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam2
1Department of Botany, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka and Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2Industrial Technology Institute, 363, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka
Abstract
Mango is an important dry zone fruit crop in Sri Lanka. Mangoes grown in northern Sri Lanka show rich varietal diversity and have greater consumer demand compared with those from other regions of the country. In this study, eighteen mango varieties including 54 accessions from Jaffna were examined to evaluate morphological variations and determine fruit quality.
Pages 784-792 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7223
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Volatilization of ammonia in stabilized slow-release nitrogen fertilizer under controlled conditions
Vinícius José Ribeiro1*, Felipe Vaz Andrade2, Carlos Henrique Eiterer de Souza3, Eduardo Sá Mendonça2
1Soil Department, University Federal of Viçosa-UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
2Department of Plant Production, University Federal of Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
3University Center of Patos de Minas-UNIPAM, Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
Abstract
This work sought to evaluate the losses of volatilized N-NH3 in stabilized slow-release nitrogen fertilizer applied to the soil. The treatments followed a 5 × 3 × 2 factorial as follows: five nitrogen fertilizer sources (conventional urea - CU; urea combined with zeolite - UZ; sulfur coated urea - US; NBPT coated urea - UNBPT, and urea combined with organic material - OU); three application times; and two managements (surface and incorporated applications) with three replications.
Pages 793-798 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7283
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Combining ability analysis of yield and late blight [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] resistance of potato germplasm in Rwanda
Jean Baptiste Muhinyuza1,2, 3*, Hussein Shimelis1, Rob Melis1, Julia Sibiya1and Magnifique Ndambe Nzaramba4
1University of KwaZulu-Natal, African Centre for Crop Improvement, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
2Rwanda Agriculture Board, Southern Zone, P.O. Box 138 Huye, Rwanda
3University of Rwanda, College of Agriculture, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (UR-CAVM) P.O. Box 210 Musanze, Rwanda
4National Agricultural Export Development Board, P.O. Box 104 Kigali, Rwanda
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate combining ability effects for yield and yield related traits and late blight resistance in potato. Crosses were performed using a 10 × 10 half diallel mating design to generate 45 F1s. Only 28 families with sufficient individuals and eight parents were field evaluated in experiments laid out in a 6 × 6 lattice design with two replications across two sites (Kinigi and Nyamagabe) in Rwanda. Late blight resistance was estimated using the relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC: 100 % max).
Pages 799-807 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7303
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Response of soybean yield components and allocation of dry matter to increased temperature and CO2 concentration
Milton E. Pereira-Flores1*, Flavio Justino1, Ursula M. Ruiz-Vera2, Frode Stordal3, Anderson A. Martins Melo1, Rafael de Ávila Rodrigues4
1DEA/UFV Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Department, Agricultural Meteorology Programme. Viçosa Federal University. P.H. Rolf Avenue University Campus, CEP 36570.000, Viçosa, MG. Brazil
2Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
3Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1022 Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway
4Federal University of Goiás, Regional Catalão, Department of Geography, CEP 75704-020, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil
Abstract
Future climatic scenarios can influence crop yield levels and induce hunger if no actions are taken. In this study, we evaluated the effect of increased temperature and CO2 concentration on soybean yield components and biomass partitioning that ultimately determines the crops productivity. This is conducted for two soybean genotypes that differ in their canopy and life cycles.
Pages 808-818 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7310
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Effect of processing stages in the physiological quality of maize seeds
Thiago Alberto Ortiz1*, Marcio Antônio Nicoletti1,2, Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi3
1Post Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Londrina (Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL), 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil. CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education]). (55) 43 9867-2435
2Sementes BALU, Rua Águia, 167, 86707-190, Arapongas, Paraná, Brasil
3Agronomy Department, UEL, 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil. (55) 43 9922-3587
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of processing stages in the physiological quality of Balu 761 maize hybrid seeds. Seeds from the Balu 761 maize hybrid obtained during processing (receipt, shelling, drying, threshing, grading and bagging) were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Physiological seed quality was evaluated using germination, accelerated aging, cold testing, electrical conductivity and seedling length tests, with the latter used to determine the length and dry weight of the shoot and root.
Pages 819-823 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7342
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Genetic parameters of agronomic and nutritional traits of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) populations with biofortified grains
Sandra Maria Maziero, Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro*, Hector dos Santos Facco
UFSM-Santa Maria Federal University, Crop Breeding Sector, Plant Science Department, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic and nutritional traits in four common bean populations with biofortified grains for minerals, and to identify the superior population for these traits. Thus, four common bean populations were obtained by controlled crossings between parents contrasting for potassium (P1), phosphorus (P2), zinc (P3) and copper (P4). A total of 40 lines in F6:8 generation of each population and nine parents were evaluated in two field experiments (rainy season of 2012 and dry season of 2013) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Pages 824-830 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7373
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Effect of sowing time on the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivated during fall-winter period in Subtropical climate
Antônio Augusto Nogueira Franco*1, Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho1, Carlos Alberto Scapim1, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura2, Odair José Marques3, Alberto Yuji Numoto1
1Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil
2Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, State of Pará, Brazil
3Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Abstract
The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of sowing time on the phenotypic response of sweet corn hybrids cultivated during the fall-winter period, with supplementary irrigation, in Northwest Region of Paraná State, where has a Subtropical climate, without a specific dry season.
Pages 831-841 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7460
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Use of physiological parameters to assess seedlings quality of Eugenia dysenterica DC. grown in different substrates
Clenilso Sehnen Mota, Fabiano Guimaraes Silva*, Paulo Dornelles, Alan Carlos Costa, Eduard Lucas Souza Araujo, Giselle Camargo Mendes
IF Goiano - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Câmpus Rio Verde, Av. Sul Goiana, Km 1, Rural 75901-970, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and photosynthetic metabolism of Eugenia dysenterica DC. seedlings grown in different substrates. The seed were sown in the following substrates: MecPlantÒ (MP), rice husks (RH), subsoil (SB), fine vermiculite (FV), coarse sand (CS), tanned cattle manure (CM), decomposed corn silage (CS), and soil collected from around parent plants (SN).
Pages 842-851 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7501
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Influence of fungi associated with watermelon seeds on physiological and health quality
Vanessa Nogueira Soares1*, Hélen Claudine Saliba Rodrigues2, Gizele Ingrid Gadotti1,3, Géri Eduardo Meneghello1, Francisco Amaral Villela1
1UFPEL, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Cx 354, Campus Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
2Plant Science Department, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, BR
3Engineering Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, BR
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and health quality of watermelon seeds using different methodologies. We used four lots of untreated watermelon seeds of Crimson Sweet plant variety produced in the same year. Physiological performance was evaluated by a standard germination test, first count of germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity of seeds (Ec) and seedling emergence (S).
Pages 852-856 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7517
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The first high-density sequence characterized SNP-based linkage map of olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) developed using genotyping by sequencing
Annalisa Marchese1*, Francesco Paolo Marra1, Tiziano Caruso1, Khethani Mhelembe2,3, Francesca Costa1, Silvia Fretto1, Daniel James Sargent3
1Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (SAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4 Ingresso H - 90128 Palermo, Italy
2ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
3Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
Abstract
A number of linkage maps have been previously developed in olive; however, these are mostly composed of markers that have not been characterized at the sequence level, supplemented with smaller numbers of microsatellite markers. In this investigation, we sought to develop a saturated linkage mapping resource for olive composed entirely of sequence characterized markers. We employed genotyping by sequencing to develop a map of a F2 population derived from the selfing of the cultivar Koroneiki.
Pages 857-863 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data Excel | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7520
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Forage sward structure of Mulato grass (Brachiaria hybrid ssp.) subjected to rotational stocking strategies
Márcia Cristina Teixeira da Silveira1*, Domicio do Nascimento Júnior2, Carlindo Santos Rodrigues3, Karine da Silva Pena2, Salim Jacaúna de Souza Júnior4, Leandro Martins Barbero5, Veridiana Aparecida Limão5, Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides6, Sila Carneiro da Silva7
1CPPSUL - Embrapa Southern Region Animal Husbandry, Rodovia BR 153, km 632,9- Vila Industrial - 96401-970 - Bagé, RS - Brazil
2UFV - Dept. of Animal Science, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n., - Campus Universitário - 36570-000 - Viçosa, MG - Brazil
3IF Baiano - Dean of Research, Innovation and Graduate Studies - Rua do Rouxinol, 115, 41720-052 - Campus Imbuí, Ba - Brazil
4UFPA - Faculty of Agronomy, Rua Coronel José Porfírio, 2515, 68372-040 - Altamira, PA - Brazil
5UFU - Dept. of Animal Science, Av. Ceará, s/n., - Campus Umuarama - bloco 2T, 38400-902 - Uberlândia - MG, Brazil
6CNPGC - Embrapa Beef Cattle, BR 262, km 4 - C.P. 154 - 79002-970 - Campo Grande, MS - Brazil
7USP/ESALQ - Dept. of Animal Science, Av. Pádua Dias, n. 11 - 13418-900 - Piracicaba, SP - Brazil
Abstract
The pasture structure is the point of origin and convergence of plants and grazing animal responses, which makes its knowledge essential in the planning of grazing management strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate and describe the variation in sward structure of mulato grass subjected to stocking strategies. The treatments corresponded to combinations between the post-grazing height (15 and 20 cm) and the pre-grazing targets (95% and maximum light interception during regrowth: LI95% and LIMax).
Pages 864-873 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7568
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Xylem ion balance in tomato plants under alkali stress
Huan Wang, Zhang He, Zhian Zhang*, Chunwu Yang
Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
Abstract
In many areas of China, alkalinity (high pH) had strongly limit crops productivity. Control of ion loading into the xylem has been repeatedly named as a crucial factor determining plant salt tolerance. To investigate the role of roots in alkali tolerance of tomato, we tested the ion balance in root xylem of alkali stressed tomato plants.
Pages 874-877 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7593
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Leaf turgor pressure in maize plants under water stress
Lucas Baiochi Riboldi1*, Ricardo Ferraz Oliveira2, Luiz Roberto Angelocci3
1Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Brasil
2Biologic Sciences Department, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Brasil
3Biosystems Engineering Department, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Brasil
Abstract
Maize grown is affected by water stress reducing photosynthetic rate and availability of water in its tissues, decreasing plant yield. Monitoring plant water potential is an important indicator of the degree of water stress. With the new magnetic probe for determining leaf turgidity, it is possible to evaluate the water status of the plant and, in some cases, to indicate the optimal relative tolerance to water stress. The union of new and old approaches gives us a better knowledge of water relations in plats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the behavior of maize plants subjected to water stress, using novel and conventional approaches.
Pages 878-886 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7602
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Genetic incompatibilities in sweetpotato and implications for breeding end-user preferred traits
Ernest Baafi1*, Edward E. Carey2, Essie T. Blay3, Kwadwo Ofori3, Vernon E. Gracen3, Joe Manu-Aduening1
1CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P. O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana
2International Potato Centre (CIP), Ghana
3West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Abstract
Sweetpotatoes utilization is low in Ghana due to lack of farmer and consumer preferred cultivars. Poor flowering and incompatibilities among genotypes limit breeding progress in its improvement. The objective was to assess compatibilities among sweetpotato genotypes to select good parents for breeding end-user preferred varieties for increased utilization. Twenty-one genotypes selected from 115 accessions evaluated across three contrasting environments were crossed using full diallel mating scheme.
Pages 887-894 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7618
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Prediction of biological and grain yield of barley using multiple regression and artificial neural network models
Marzieh Mokarram1 and Ehsan Bijanzadeh2*
1Department of Range and Watershed Management, Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran
2Department of Agroecology, Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran
Abstract
Prediction of barley yield is an attempt to accurately forecast the outcome of a specific situation, using as input information extracted from a set of data features that potentially describe the situation. In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze and compare multiple linear regression (MLR), and artificial neural network (ANN) including multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) models to predicting biological yield (BY) and yield (Y) of barely.
Pages 895-903 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7634
Carla Segatto Strini Paixão¹*, Rouverson Pereira da Silva¹, Murilo Aparecido Voltarelli², Marcelo Tufaile Cassia¹, Tiago de Oliveira Tavares¹
¹UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
²Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Department Agricultural Engineering, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n - 36570-900 , Minas Gerais, Brasil
Abstract
Information about the capacity of the operation, harvest efficiency and performance of the harvester are of great importance in the management of agricultural mechanized systems, assisting in the decisions to be taken by the management aimed at its optimization. Mechanized harvesting was carried out at the farm located in Uberaba, Minas Gerais in which eight repetitions for each evaluated plot format (irregular rectangular and trapezoidal) were performed. The activities of the harvester (harvest, unloading grain, harvest problems and climate pauses were monitored up.
Pages 765-770 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p6688
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Breeding potato for high yields: A review
Jean Baptiste Muhinyuza1,2*, Hussein Shimelis1, Rob Melis1, Julia Sibiya1 and Magnifique Ndambe Nzaramba3
1University of KwaZulu-Natal, African Centre for Crop Improvement, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
2Rwanda Agriculture Board, Southern Zone, P.O. Box 138 Huye, Rwanda
3National Agricultural Export Development Board, P.O. Box 104 Kigali, Rwanda
Abstract
This article overviewed important topics related to the importance of potatoes, potato taxonomy and its origin and domestication. It also provided participatory research approach in potato breeding, and farmers’ trait preferences in potato breeding in Rwanda. Moreover, It went over potato genetics, conventional potato breeding for high yield, and molecular breeding applied to potato breeding such as maker-assisted breeding (MAB). In addition, gene action, and combining ability of potato yield were reviewed.
Pages 771-775 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p6775
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Response to water stress in transgenic (p5cs gene) wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.)
Denise Pavei1, Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal2 Adilson Ricken Schuelter3, Ivan Schuster3, Elisa Serra N. Vieira4, Eliane Cristina G. Vendruscolo5 and Juliana Parisotto Poletine2*
1Bióloga, Mestre, Professora Uniguaçu / Faesi, São Miguel do Iguaçu Pr, Brasil
2Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brasil
3Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola (Coodetec), Cascavel - PR, Brasil
4Embrapa Florestas, Colombo - PR, Brasil
5Universidade Federal Paraná, Campus Palotina - PR, Brasil
Abstract
Transgenic technology in plants has been used to introduce genes that perform as osmoprotection to obtain tolerant to abiotic stresses genotypes. Proline is considered as one of these osmoprotectors. Therefore, delta 1-pirrolyne-5-carboxylate synthesize (P5CS) enzyme, coded by p5cs gene is important and also a limiting factor in its pathway synthesis. This work aimed to evaluate proline accumulation in p5cs gene-transformed wheat plants. Experiment was conducted in randomized entirely design with 18 treatments (seven second generation (T2) transgenic plants, nine first generation (T1) transgenic plants and two checks with and without irrigation) and ten replications.
Pages 776-783 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7000
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Morphometric analysis of mango varieties in Sri Lanka
N. Krishnapillai1* and R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam2
1Department of Botany, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka and Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
2Industrial Technology Institute, 363, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka
Abstract
Mango is an important dry zone fruit crop in Sri Lanka. Mangoes grown in northern Sri Lanka show rich varietal diversity and have greater consumer demand compared with those from other regions of the country. In this study, eighteen mango varieties including 54 accessions from Jaffna were examined to evaluate morphological variations and determine fruit quality.
Pages 784-792 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7223
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Volatilization of ammonia in stabilized slow-release nitrogen fertilizer under controlled conditions
Vinícius José Ribeiro1*, Felipe Vaz Andrade2, Carlos Henrique Eiterer de Souza3, Eduardo Sá Mendonça2
1Soil Department, University Federal of Viçosa-UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
2Department of Plant Production, University Federal of Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
3University Center of Patos de Minas-UNIPAM, Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
Abstract
This work sought to evaluate the losses of volatilized N-NH3 in stabilized slow-release nitrogen fertilizer applied to the soil. The treatments followed a 5 × 3 × 2 factorial as follows: five nitrogen fertilizer sources (conventional urea - CU; urea combined with zeolite - UZ; sulfur coated urea - US; NBPT coated urea - UNBPT, and urea combined with organic material - OU); three application times; and two managements (surface and incorporated applications) with three replications.
Pages 793-798 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7283
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Combining ability analysis of yield and late blight [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] resistance of potato germplasm in Rwanda
Jean Baptiste Muhinyuza1,2, 3*, Hussein Shimelis1, Rob Melis1, Julia Sibiya1and Magnifique Ndambe Nzaramba4
1University of KwaZulu-Natal, African Centre for Crop Improvement, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
2Rwanda Agriculture Board, Southern Zone, P.O. Box 138 Huye, Rwanda
3University of Rwanda, College of Agriculture, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (UR-CAVM) P.O. Box 210 Musanze, Rwanda
4National Agricultural Export Development Board, P.O. Box 104 Kigali, Rwanda
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate combining ability effects for yield and yield related traits and late blight resistance in potato. Crosses were performed using a 10 × 10 half diallel mating design to generate 45 F1s. Only 28 families with sufficient individuals and eight parents were field evaluated in experiments laid out in a 6 × 6 lattice design with two replications across two sites (Kinigi and Nyamagabe) in Rwanda. Late blight resistance was estimated using the relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC: 100 % max).
Pages 799-807 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7303
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Response of soybean yield components and allocation of dry matter to increased temperature and CO2 concentration
Milton E. Pereira-Flores1*, Flavio Justino1, Ursula M. Ruiz-Vera2, Frode Stordal3, Anderson A. Martins Melo1, Rafael de Ávila Rodrigues4
1DEA/UFV Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Department, Agricultural Meteorology Programme. Viçosa Federal University. P.H. Rolf Avenue University Campus, CEP 36570.000, Viçosa, MG. Brazil
2Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
3Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1022 Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway
4Federal University of Goiás, Regional Catalão, Department of Geography, CEP 75704-020, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil
Abstract
Future climatic scenarios can influence crop yield levels and induce hunger if no actions are taken. In this study, we evaluated the effect of increased temperature and CO2 concentration on soybean yield components and biomass partitioning that ultimately determines the crops productivity. This is conducted for two soybean genotypes that differ in their canopy and life cycles.
Pages 808-818 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7310
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Effect of processing stages in the physiological quality of maize seeds
Thiago Alberto Ortiz1*, Marcio Antônio Nicoletti1,2, Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi3
1Post Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Londrina (Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL), 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil. CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education]). (55) 43 9867-2435
2Sementes BALU, Rua Águia, 167, 86707-190, Arapongas, Paraná, Brasil
3Agronomy Department, UEL, 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil. (55) 43 9922-3587
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of processing stages in the physiological quality of Balu 761 maize hybrid seeds. Seeds from the Balu 761 maize hybrid obtained during processing (receipt, shelling, drying, threshing, grading and bagging) were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Physiological seed quality was evaluated using germination, accelerated aging, cold testing, electrical conductivity and seedling length tests, with the latter used to determine the length and dry weight of the shoot and root.
Pages 819-823 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7342
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Genetic parameters of agronomic and nutritional traits of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) populations with biofortified grains
Sandra Maria Maziero, Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro*, Hector dos Santos Facco
UFSM-Santa Maria Federal University, Crop Breeding Sector, Plant Science Department, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic and nutritional traits in four common bean populations with biofortified grains for minerals, and to identify the superior population for these traits. Thus, four common bean populations were obtained by controlled crossings between parents contrasting for potassium (P1), phosphorus (P2), zinc (P3) and copper (P4). A total of 40 lines in F6:8 generation of each population and nine parents were evaluated in two field experiments (rainy season of 2012 and dry season of 2013) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Pages 824-830 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7373
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Effect of sowing time on the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivated during fall-winter period in Subtropical climate
Antônio Augusto Nogueira Franco*1, Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho1, Carlos Alberto Scapim1, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura2, Odair José Marques3, Alberto Yuji Numoto1
1Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil
2Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, State of Pará, Brazil
3Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Abstract
The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of sowing time on the phenotypic response of sweet corn hybrids cultivated during the fall-winter period, with supplementary irrigation, in Northwest Region of Paraná State, where has a Subtropical climate, without a specific dry season.
Pages 831-841 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7460
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Use of physiological parameters to assess seedlings quality of Eugenia dysenterica DC. grown in different substrates
Clenilso Sehnen Mota, Fabiano Guimaraes Silva*, Paulo Dornelles, Alan Carlos Costa, Eduard Lucas Souza Araujo, Giselle Camargo Mendes
IF Goiano - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Câmpus Rio Verde, Av. Sul Goiana, Km 1, Rural 75901-970, Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and photosynthetic metabolism of Eugenia dysenterica DC. seedlings grown in different substrates. The seed were sown in the following substrates: MecPlantÒ (MP), rice husks (RH), subsoil (SB), fine vermiculite (FV), coarse sand (CS), tanned cattle manure (CM), decomposed corn silage (CS), and soil collected from around parent plants (SN).
Pages 842-851 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7501
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Influence of fungi associated with watermelon seeds on physiological and health quality
Vanessa Nogueira Soares1*, Hélen Claudine Saliba Rodrigues2, Gizele Ingrid Gadotti1,3, Géri Eduardo Meneghello1, Francisco Amaral Villela1
1UFPEL, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Cx 354, Campus Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
2Plant Science Department, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, BR
3Engineering Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, BR
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and health quality of watermelon seeds using different methodologies. We used four lots of untreated watermelon seeds of Crimson Sweet plant variety produced in the same year. Physiological performance was evaluated by a standard germination test, first count of germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity of seeds (Ec) and seedling emergence (S).
Pages 852-856 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7517
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The first high-density sequence characterized SNP-based linkage map of olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) developed using genotyping by sequencing
Annalisa Marchese1*, Francesco Paolo Marra1, Tiziano Caruso1, Khethani Mhelembe2,3, Francesca Costa1, Silvia Fretto1, Daniel James Sargent3
1Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (SAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4 Ingresso H - 90128 Palermo, Italy
2ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
3Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
Abstract
A number of linkage maps have been previously developed in olive; however, these are mostly composed of markers that have not been characterized at the sequence level, supplemented with smaller numbers of microsatellite markers. In this investigation, we sought to develop a saturated linkage mapping resource for olive composed entirely of sequence characterized markers. We employed genotyping by sequencing to develop a map of a F2 population derived from the selfing of the cultivar Koroneiki.
Pages 857-863 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data Excel | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7520
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Forage sward structure of Mulato grass (Brachiaria hybrid ssp.) subjected to rotational stocking strategies
Márcia Cristina Teixeira da Silveira1*, Domicio do Nascimento Júnior2, Carlindo Santos Rodrigues3, Karine da Silva Pena2, Salim Jacaúna de Souza Júnior4, Leandro Martins Barbero5, Veridiana Aparecida Limão5, Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides6, Sila Carneiro da Silva7
1CPPSUL - Embrapa Southern Region Animal Husbandry, Rodovia BR 153, km 632,9- Vila Industrial - 96401-970 - Bagé, RS - Brazil
2UFV - Dept. of Animal Science, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n., - Campus Universitário - 36570-000 - Viçosa, MG - Brazil
3IF Baiano - Dean of Research, Innovation and Graduate Studies - Rua do Rouxinol, 115, 41720-052 - Campus Imbuí, Ba - Brazil
4UFPA - Faculty of Agronomy, Rua Coronel José Porfírio, 2515, 68372-040 - Altamira, PA - Brazil
5UFU - Dept. of Animal Science, Av. Ceará, s/n., - Campus Umuarama - bloco 2T, 38400-902 - Uberlândia - MG, Brazil
6CNPGC - Embrapa Beef Cattle, BR 262, km 4 - C.P. 154 - 79002-970 - Campo Grande, MS - Brazil
7USP/ESALQ - Dept. of Animal Science, Av. Pádua Dias, n. 11 - 13418-900 - Piracicaba, SP - Brazil
Abstract
The pasture structure is the point of origin and convergence of plants and grazing animal responses, which makes its knowledge essential in the planning of grazing management strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate and describe the variation in sward structure of mulato grass subjected to stocking strategies. The treatments corresponded to combinations between the post-grazing height (15 and 20 cm) and the pre-grazing targets (95% and maximum light interception during regrowth: LI95% and LIMax).
Pages 864-873 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7568
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Xylem ion balance in tomato plants under alkali stress
Huan Wang, Zhang He, Zhian Zhang*, Chunwu Yang
Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
Abstract
In many areas of China, alkalinity (high pH) had strongly limit crops productivity. Control of ion loading into the xylem has been repeatedly named as a crucial factor determining plant salt tolerance. To investigate the role of roots in alkali tolerance of tomato, we tested the ion balance in root xylem of alkali stressed tomato plants.
Pages 874-877 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7593
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Leaf turgor pressure in maize plants under water stress
Lucas Baiochi Riboldi1*, Ricardo Ferraz Oliveira2, Luiz Roberto Angelocci3
1Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Brasil
2Biologic Sciences Department, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Brasil
3Biosystems Engineering Department, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Brasil
Abstract
Maize grown is affected by water stress reducing photosynthetic rate and availability of water in its tissues, decreasing plant yield. Monitoring plant water potential is an important indicator of the degree of water stress. With the new magnetic probe for determining leaf turgidity, it is possible to evaluate the water status of the plant and, in some cases, to indicate the optimal relative tolerance to water stress. The union of new and old approaches gives us a better knowledge of water relations in plats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the behavior of maize plants subjected to water stress, using novel and conventional approaches.
Pages 878-886 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7602
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Genetic incompatibilities in sweetpotato and implications for breeding end-user preferred traits
Ernest Baafi1*, Edward E. Carey2, Essie T. Blay3, Kwadwo Ofori3, Vernon E. Gracen3, Joe Manu-Aduening1
1CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P. O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana
2International Potato Centre (CIP), Ghana
3West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Abstract
Sweetpotatoes utilization is low in Ghana due to lack of farmer and consumer preferred cultivars. Poor flowering and incompatibilities among genotypes limit breeding progress in its improvement. The objective was to assess compatibilities among sweetpotato genotypes to select good parents for breeding end-user preferred varieties for increased utilization. Twenty-one genotypes selected from 115 accessions evaluated across three contrasting environments were crossed using full diallel mating scheme.
Pages 887-894 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7618
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Prediction of biological and grain yield of barley using multiple regression and artificial neural network models
Marzieh Mokarram1 and Ehsan Bijanzadeh2*
1Department of Range and Watershed Management, Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran
2Department of Agroecology, Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran
Abstract
Prediction of barley yield is an attempt to accurately forecast the outcome of a specific situation, using as input information extracted from a set of data features that potentially describe the situation. In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze and compare multiple linear regression (MLR), and artificial neural network (ANN) including multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) models to predicting biological yield (BY) and yield (Y) of barely.
Pages 895-903 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.06.p7634
