Volume 10 Issue 4 | April 2016
Table of Contents
10(4) 2016
DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04
10(4) 2016
DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04
Southern Cross Publishing©2016
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | March 2016
Volume 10 Number 4 Year 2016
Volume 10 Number 4 Year 2016
Growth regulators and carving on breakage of apical dominance in tannia [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott] rhizomes
Cristina Soares de Souza*, Ana Paula Sato Ferreira, Fernando Luiz Finger
Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Summary
This work had the goals to evaluate the influence of growth regulators and carving of the rhizomes sprouting and growth of tannia. Cured rhizomes from the clone ‘Caipira’ were stored for three months at 5ºC and 89% relative humidity. Afterward, the top of half of the rhizomes were carved in a V shape at the top (carving), to stimulate lateral sprouting. The rhizomes were submerged for 30 minutes in solutions containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and/or 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), and the respective control. The production of new leaves and expansion of leaf area were stimulated by treating the rhizomes with 500 mg L-1 BAP and 250 mg L-1 BAP + 250 mg L-1 ethephon.
Pages 434-437 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p6341x
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Salt tolerance in barley originating from harsh environment of North Africa
Dorsaf Allel, Anis Ben-Amar, Mounawer Badri, Chedly Abdelly*
Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology, Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
Summary
Three gene pools representative of Hordeum vulgare L. grown in the North African region and collected from Tunisia, Algeria and Egypt were evaluated at the reproductive stage under non saline and two saline conditions (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). A total of 26 agronomic, morphological and yield-related traits were examined by analysis of variance. A significant genetic variation was observed. We successfully identified a set of accessions originating from severe agroclimatic conditions including Tozeur2, Tichedrett, Kerkena and Kebelli2 which remaining the most productive at high salinity having around 4 g grain yield production per plant and about 11 g whole plant dry weight per plant. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed using salt tolerance index (STI), which provided a clear separation of barley landraces.
Pages 438-451 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p6663x
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Response of jatropha to organic and phosphate fertilization under irrigated conditions
Rosiane de Lourdes Silva de Lima*, Silvanete Severino da Silva, Carlos Alberto Vieira Azevedo, José Marcelo Cordeiro Possas, José Dantas Neto, Ronaldo do Nascimento
Federal University of Campina Grande, Academic Unit of Agricultural, Engineering, Campina Grande, CEP 58.109-970, Paraíba, Brazil
Summary
An experiment was conducted using pots, arranged in a randomized block design, with four replicates and one plant per plot, in order to evaluate different fertilization recommendations (phosphate fertilizer and cattle manure) based on soil analysis. The treatments consisted of a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, which represented 4 recommendations of organic fertilization [absence of organic fertilization (0 t ha-1), recommended dose (4 t ha-1), 1.5 times the recommended dose (6 t ha-1) and 2 times the recommended dose (8 t ha-1)] and 4 recommendations of phosphate fertilization [absence of phosphate fertilization (0 kg ha-1), recommended dose (90 kg ha-1), 1.5 times the recommended dose (135 kg ha-1) and 2 times the recommended dose (180 kg ha-1). One hundred and eighty days after seedlings were transplanted to the pots, growth variables and production components were measured.
Pages 452-459 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p6946x
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Effect of organic amendments with varied C-N ratios on grain productivity and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from wheat grown in alluvial soil
Anushree Baruah, Nirmali Bordoloi, Kushal K. Baruah*
Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur Central University, 784028, Assam, India
Summary
Four treatments having different C-N ratios, including conventional Nitrogenous fertilizer (NPK), Cow dung (CN = 25:1), Rice straw (CN = 41:1) and Poultry manure (CN = 15:1) were applied in the field to measure nitrous oxide emission from wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop variety Sonalika. The static chamber method and gas chromatography were employed for the collection and analysis of N2O. The cumulative N2O emission flux (Esif) recorded for the first year 2010-2011 were 1.78, 1.34, 1.46 and 1.83kg N2O- N ha-1 while for 2011-2012 it was 1.95, 1.36, 1.77 and 1.88 kg N2O - N ha-1 for NPK, CD, RS and PM, respectively.
Pages 460-469 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p6970x
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Selection of phenotypic traits and resistance to Cowpea severe mosaic virus and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] seeds with rugose white coat
Ueslei Silva Leão, Marcelo Eiras*, Francisco Rodrigues Freire Filho, Maria do Socorro da Rocha Nogueira, Leilane Karam Rodrigues, Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro, Ângela Célis de Almeida Lopes
Federal University of Piauí, Campus Socopo, 64049-550 Teresina (PI), Brazil
Biological Institute, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Health Research Center, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, 66095-100 Belém (PA), Brazil
Embrapa Meio-Norte, Av. Duque de Caxias, 5650, 64006-220 Teresina (PI), Brazil
Summary
This study selected cowpea offspring with (i) white rugose coat seed characteristics that are accepted by markets and (ii) that present resistance to CPSMV (serotype I) and CABMV. The first selection of asymptomatic plants was carried out using seedlings from F3 seeds mechanically inoculated with a mixture of the two viruses. Offspring F3:4 went through a second selection process with two stages, one in the field (with natural inoculation), one in trays (with mechanical inoculation). In total, 40 F3:4 offspring were selected to evaluate agronomic traits in two field assays, one in Teresina, one in Tracuateua (states of Piauí and Pará, respectively) based on a randomized block design with four repetitions.
Pages 470-481 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7101x
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Non-destructive measurement of canopy cover is an alternative to biomass sampling at anthesis to predict yield of canola-quality Brassica juncea
Babu Ram Pandey*, Wayne A. Burton, Phillip A. Salisbury, Marc E. Nicolas
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
Seednet Australia, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources,
5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia
Summary
This study aimed to compare the ability of non-destructive canopy cover measurements (Sunfleck ceptometer and digital photography) with direct biomass sampling at anthesis to predict the yield of canola-quality B. juncea (juncea canola) hybrids. Field experiments were conducted in the Victorian Mallee (226-248 mm annual rainfall) and the Wimmera (266-407 mm annual rainfall) regions from 2012 to 2014. Nineteen juncea canola genotypes were sown in the first year and 10 to 11 genotypes in the subsequent two years of field experiments. The experimental plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Days to 50% flowering, canopy cover and biomass at 50% flowering and seed yield were recorded.
Pages 482-489 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7103x
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Mini-grafting of adult Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. scions onto vegetatively propagated adult rootstocks of P. mucronata Lam.
Layane Segantini Oliari, João Antonio Dutra Giles, Lívia Giro Mayrinck, João Paulo Bestete de Oliveira, José Carlos Lopes, Wagner Campos Otoni, Edilson Romais Schmildt, Elisa Mitsuko Aoyama, Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre*
Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Brazil
Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Forest and Wood Sciences, Brazil
Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Plant Production, Brazil
Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Ibatiba, Brazil
Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Department of Plant Biology, University Campus, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Summary
The mini-grafting is a nondestructive vegetative propagation method based on grafting apical segments onto adult donor plants-derived rootstocks. Here, we aimed at evaluating the mini-grafting of shoot tips derived from adult Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa plants (yellow passion fruit) onto vegetatively propagated rootstocks of P. mucronata (sandbank passion fruit). Different shoot tip lengths and the fastening material were assayed. A randomized block experimental design was set up following a 2 × 3 factorial scheme [shoots: 8-12 and 3-7 cm × fastening materials (circular clip, “V” shaped clip, and Parafilm®)] totaling six treatments with four repetitions of eight plants each. The following characteristics were evaluated: graft setting (%); graft and rootstock diameters (mm); graft diameter/rootstock diameter ratio; cellular division in the graft region and starch presence in the graft and rootstock. Parafilm® provided better adhesion (89.57%) compared to circular (76.03%) and “V” shaped clips (68.74%). The attachment was favored by rootstocks with 8-12 cm shoots (90.27%), compared with those of the 3-7 cm (65.96%). The presence of starch grains in the parenchymatic cells of the graft suggests the translocation of photo-assimilates from physiologically active mature leaves of P. edulis f. flavicarpa to the stem apex. Additionally, the hydrolysis and mobilization of the starch associated and the endogenous auxin levels in this meristematic region may have been responsible for improving the success of the mini-grafting.
Pages 490-496 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7156x
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Slow-release stabilized nitrogen fertilizers on initial development and nutrition of coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.)
Vinícius José Ribeiro*, Felipe Vaz Andrade, Renato Ribeiro Passos, Eduardo Sá Mendonça, Laís Lemos da Silva, Amanda Faé Sartori
Soil Department, University Federal of Viçosa-UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, University Federal of Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Agrarian Sciences Center, University Federal of Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Summary
This study was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the efficiency of stabilized, slow-release nitrogen sources in the early development and nutrition of coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.). The treatments followed a factorial 6 × 3 being: six nitrogen fertilizer sources (conventional urea - CU; ammonium nitrate - AN; elemental sulfur coated urea - US; elemental sulfur coated urea and polymer - USP; urea combined with organic material - UO, and UO + NBPT - UONBPT); three application times, with four replications. The experiment was conducted for 150 days and the aerial part dry mass production (APDM), that of the leaf (LDM), plus the foliar N concentration and content were evaluated.
Pages 497-502 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7229x
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Cover crops affect on soil organic matter fractions under no till system
Simone Cândido Ensinas, Ademar Pereira Serra*, Marlene Estevão Marchetti, Eulene Francisco da Silva, Eber Augusto Ferreira do Prado, Elaine Reis Pinheiro Lourente, Pedro Henrique Altomar, Douglas Costa Potrich, Matheus Andrade Martinez, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Maílson Vieira Jesus, Tárik Cazeiro El Kadri
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post-Graduation Program in Agronomy - Vegetable Production Department, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), City of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Summary
The purpose of this research was to identify the soil organic matter (SOM) fractions changes in a crop rotation system under no-till system (NTS). This research was carried out from October 2010 to February 2014 in a Rhodic Hapludox. The experiment was set up in completely randomized blocks in a factorial design with eight cover crops and three soil depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) with four repetitions. Cover crops: fall-winter corn, intercropping fall-winter corn with Brachiaria ruziziensis, intercropping fall-winter corn with B. brizantha cv. Marandu, intercropping fall-winter corn with Crotalaria spectabilis, B. ruziziensis, B. brizantha cv. Marandu, Pennisetum glaucum L. and set-aside area.
Pages 503-512 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7247x
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Productivity of coffee and legumes intercropped under different sun exposure face
Gabriel Pinto Guimarães*, Paulo César de Lima, Waldenia de Melo Moura, Reginaldo Fialho Valente, André Guarçoni M., Eduardo de Sá Mendonça
Department of Plant Production, University Federal of Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Agricultural Research Corporation of Minas Gerais, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Federal University of Viçosa- UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Extension Rural- INCAPER, Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Summary
The aim of our study was to evaluate, for two different terrain aspects under sun exposure faces, the production of green and dry matter, as well as the nutrient accumulation in the aerial part of legumes and the coffee productivity. The northwest-facing terrain is at 950 m altitude, the average annual temperature is 18.0 °C, the average rainfall is 1320 mm and the average daily solar exposure is 9.1 h. The south-facing terrain is at 690 m altitude, the average annual temperature is 14.0 °C, the average rainfall is 1277 mm and the average daily solar exposure is 6.8 h. The experimental design was inrandomized blocks with a 2 x 8 factorial scheme (two different terrain aspects and 8 types of green manure), and four replications were performed.On the northwest-facing terrain, D. lablab, C. spectabilis, and S. deeringianum had the highest amount of dry matter (3.31, 2.98, and 2.85 Mg ha-1, respectively) and nitrogen accumulation (111.54, 91.83, and 91.51 kg ha-1, respectively).
Pages 513-519 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7278x
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Molecular evaluation of Ethiopian sweet sorghum germplasm and their contribution to regional breeding programs
Tesfaye Disasa, Tileye Feyissa, Belayneh Admassu, Rajneesh Paliwal, Santie M. De Villiers, Damaris Achieng Odeny*
Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Faculty of Life Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Current Address: USDA-ARS, 1691 S2700W, ID 83210, USA
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), P.O Box 39063 - 00623 Nairobi, Kenya
Pwani University, P.O Box 95-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
Summary
In the present study, 13 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used for genotyping 175 Ethiopian sweet sorghum genotypes alongside 27 improved accessions from eastern and southern Africa. All the tested markers detected 159 alleles and a high degree of polymorphism information content (PIC) averaging 0.69. A comparison between Ethiopian and improved accessions revealed higher allele numbers (124) in Ethiopian than improved accessions (92 alleles).
Pages 520-527 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7286x
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Microclimate and development of Coffea canephora cv. Conilon under different shading levels promoted by Australian cedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. Australis)
Gleison Oliosi, João Antonio Dutra Giles, Weverton Pereira Rodrigues, José Cochicho Ramalho, Fábio Luiz Partelli*
Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), São Mateus, ES, Brazil
Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, (LEAF), Dept. Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Oeiras, Portugal.
GeoBioTec, Faculdade de Ciências Tecnologia, Universidade Nova Lisboa (FCT/UNL), Caparica, Portugal
Summary
This work aims at to evaluate the microclimate and coffee plant (Coffea canephora cv. Conilon Clone 02) development under different shading levels promoted by the intercropping with Australian cedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. Australis) or under unshaded conditions. Australian cedar and Conilon coffee were planted in 15 × 2m and 3 x 1.2 m spacing, respectively, resulting in five rows of coffee to one row of Australian cedar. The closer the coffee rows were in relation to the Australian cedar trees the higher shade level was obtained. Climatic variables (temperature, irradiance and relative humidity) and leaf areas were evaluated over four seasons, and the internode lengths of plagiotropic and orthotropic branches were evaluated monthly.
Pages 528-538 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7295x
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The self-organizing map for determination of main features related to biological yield and yield of wheat
Ehsan Bijanzadeh*, Marzieh Mokarram
Department of Agroecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Range and Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Summary
Among various methods of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and learning algorithms, self-organizing map (SOM) is one of the most popular models. The aim of this study is to classify features influencing the biological yield and yield of wheat using SOM algorithm. In SOM, according to qualitative data, the clustering tendency of yield and biological yield of wheat were investigated using 11142 data from 16 features. Data was collected from the literatures on the subject of wheat in Iran that was existed in http://sid.ir website. Results showed that when biological yield was as output, K with soil pH, irrigation regime with 1000-kernel weight and organic content (OC) with grain/spike were related to each other closely. Moreover, grain/spike and OC had closer relationship to biological yield.
Pages 539-545 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7336x
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Chlorophyll index (SPAD) and macronutrients relation and productive performance of sorghum hybrids in different sowing dates
César Henrique Souza Zandonadi*, Carlos Juliano Brant Albuquerque, Rogério Soares de Freitas
Federal University of Uberlândia/UFU, Institute of Agricultural Science, Campus Umuarama Block 2E, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
Minas Gerais State Agricultural Research Corporationa/EPAMIG, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
Paulista Agency of Agriculture Technology (APTA), Votuporanga, SP, Brazil
Summary
This study evaluated the productive performance of sorghum in different sowing dates and determined the SPAD chlorophyll index, correlating it with macronutrient contents in hybrids in different development stages and sowing dates. Experiments were conducted in contiguous areas in four sowing dates, the first one was sown on February 26 2013 and the others at 17, 30 and 41 days after the first sowing - (DAFS). The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with nine hybrids and four replications. Each sowing date was considered an individual experiment, and grouped analysis was done to compare characteristics. Macronutrients and indexes content data of Soil Plant Analytical Division value (SPAD) were evaluated at three different stages within the plant cycle, characterizing an experiment in split plot (development stages - subplots), with the factor in the plot (hybrid x sowing time).
Pages 546-555 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7354x
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Growth, nutrition and production of dry matter of Kikuyu Grass (Brachiaria humidicula) as a function of Mn-fertilizer
Everton Martins Arruda, Rilner Alves Flores*, Virgínia Damin, Rosana Alves Gonçalves, Carlos Leandro Rodrigues dos Santos, Marcelo Ribeiro Zucchi, Gustavo de Melo Oliveira Gonçalves, Ricardo Alexandre Florentino Barbosa
Department of Soil Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, State University of Goias, Ipameri, GO, Brazil
Summary
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of manganese on growth, nutrition and yield of Brachiaria humidicula. The study was carried out in a green house in a randomized block design with five rates of manganese (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 mg dm-3) and four replicates. We evaluated plant height, leaf area, relative chlorophyll index, dry matter production, manganese accumulation and content, besides absorption efficiencies and transport and use of manganese (Mn). Brachiaria humidicula showed high tolerance to this nutrient, because the application of only 120 mg dm-3 to the soil was phytotoxic, showing symptoms such as brown spots and leaf tip curling.
Pages 556-564 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7364x
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Qualitative attributes of some mango cultivars fruits
Joyce Helena Modesto*, Sarita Leonel, Daniela Mota Segantini, Jackson Mirellys Azêvedo Souza, Rafael Augusto Ferraz
Department of Horticulture, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
Summary
The aim of this study was to physically and chemically characterize the fruit quality of some mango cultivars grown in a subtropical climate region of São Paulo, in the municipality of São Manuel. The experiment design was totally randomized, consisting of 4 treatments (Palmer, Parwin, Tommy Atkins and Haden cultivars) and 4 repetitions for the physical analyses and 6 repetitions for the chemical analyses. Each repetition composed of 5 fruit from each cultivar.
Pages 565-570 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7388x
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Strategy for grouping wheat genotypes according to environmental responses in multi-location trials
Lindolfo Storck*, Giovani Benin, Volmir Sérgio Marchioro, Raphael Rossi Silva, Leomar Guilherme Woyann, Elesandro Bornhofen
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), PR 469, km 01, 85501-970, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil
Wheat breeding, Central Cooperative Agricultural Research (COODETEC), BR 467, km 98, 85813-450, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
Summary
The objective of this study was to evaluate a strategy to perform a joint analysis in wheat yield trials with genotypes classified according to their interactions with the environment. Measurements of the adaptability and stability estimates were used in the proposed strategy. We analyzed grain yield data from 367 wheat genotypes in 348 yield trials classified into 58 groups. In each group, 25 genotypes at different numbers of locations were evaluated using data from 2010, 2011 and 2012. Joint analysis of variance was performed for each group to determine the genotype contribution to the GEI.
Pages 571-578 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7450x
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Soybean cultivars agronomic performance and yield according to doses of Azospirillum brasilense applied to leaves
Alan Mario Zuffo*, Pedro Milanez de Rezende, Adriano Teodoro Bruzi, Augusto Belchior Marchetti Ribeiro, Everton Vinicius Zambiazzi, Igor Oliveri Soares, Nelson Júnior Dias Vilela, Mariane Cristina Bianchi
Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic traits and grain yield in soybean crops through Azospirillum brasilense doses applied by spray coverage. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in a 4 × 6 factorial, with four cultivars (Anta 82 RR®, BRS Favorita RR®, BRS 780 RR®, BRS 820 RR®) and six doses of Azospirillum brasilense (0, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 mL ha-1) with three replications in two crop years. The characters such as plant height, shoot dry mass, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content were evaluated at flowering.
Pages 579-583 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7554x
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Review Article
Homologs of old yellow enzyme in plants
Bayan Al-Momany, Saeid Abu-Romman*
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan
Summary
Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) is a flavin mononucleotide-dependent oxidoreductase. 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) are OYE homologs and are represented by multigene families in plants. OPRs catalyze the reduction of double bonds in a,ß-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones. They belong to the octadecanoid pathway, which converts linolenic acid to jasmonic acid (JA). Individual OPR family members may have distinct functions due to their different substrate specificity, subcellular localization, tissue distribution, and differential regulation of their expression in response to specific environmental cues. This review will highlight some characteristics of this family in Arabidopsis and other species and discuss the physiological role of OPR family members in plants.
Pages 584-590 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7555x
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Combining effects of ozone and carbon dioxide application on photosynthesis of Thai jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105
Rutairat Phothi, Chanin Umponstira*, Charoon Sarin, Wapakorn Siriwong, Nivat Nabheerong
Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
Phitsanulok Rice Research Center, Wangthong, Phitsanulok 65130, Thailand
Summary
This research investigated the effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105. Seedlings were kept in indoor climate control chambers which were set to typically background level of ozone (<10 ppb) by passing inlet air from outside through charcoal filter prior to enter to the chambers. Plant samples were fumigated by ozone concentration level at 40 ppb, 70 ppb and carbon dioxide concentration level at 700 ppm. For combined effects, elevated carbon dioxide concentration 700 ppm was given into two combination treatments of ozone concentration level at 40 and 70 ppb. Control groups were grown in charcoal-filter chambers with no additional ozone. Plant samples then were fumigated with ozone and carbon dioxide for 28 days at tillering stage (at the rice age of 42 to 70 days), and analyzed weekly for photosynthesis rate, leaf chlorophyll, total soluble sugar and biomass.
Pages 591-597 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7595x
Cristina Soares de Souza*, Ana Paula Sato Ferreira, Fernando Luiz Finger
Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Summary
This work had the goals to evaluate the influence of growth regulators and carving of the rhizomes sprouting and growth of tannia. Cured rhizomes from the clone ‘Caipira’ were stored for three months at 5ºC and 89% relative humidity. Afterward, the top of half of the rhizomes were carved in a V shape at the top (carving), to stimulate lateral sprouting. The rhizomes were submerged for 30 minutes in solutions containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and/or 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), and the respective control. The production of new leaves and expansion of leaf area were stimulated by treating the rhizomes with 500 mg L-1 BAP and 250 mg L-1 BAP + 250 mg L-1 ethephon.
Pages 434-437 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p6341x
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Salt tolerance in barley originating from harsh environment of North Africa
Dorsaf Allel, Anis Ben-Amar, Mounawer Badri, Chedly Abdelly*
Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology, Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
Summary
Three gene pools representative of Hordeum vulgare L. grown in the North African region and collected from Tunisia, Algeria and Egypt were evaluated at the reproductive stage under non saline and two saline conditions (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). A total of 26 agronomic, morphological and yield-related traits were examined by analysis of variance. A significant genetic variation was observed. We successfully identified a set of accessions originating from severe agroclimatic conditions including Tozeur2, Tichedrett, Kerkena and Kebelli2 which remaining the most productive at high salinity having around 4 g grain yield production per plant and about 11 g whole plant dry weight per plant. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed using salt tolerance index (STI), which provided a clear separation of barley landraces.
Pages 438-451 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p6663x
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Response of jatropha to organic and phosphate fertilization under irrigated conditions
Rosiane de Lourdes Silva de Lima*, Silvanete Severino da Silva, Carlos Alberto Vieira Azevedo, José Marcelo Cordeiro Possas, José Dantas Neto, Ronaldo do Nascimento
Federal University of Campina Grande, Academic Unit of Agricultural, Engineering, Campina Grande, CEP 58.109-970, Paraíba, Brazil
Summary
An experiment was conducted using pots, arranged in a randomized block design, with four replicates and one plant per plot, in order to evaluate different fertilization recommendations (phosphate fertilizer and cattle manure) based on soil analysis. The treatments consisted of a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, which represented 4 recommendations of organic fertilization [absence of organic fertilization (0 t ha-1), recommended dose (4 t ha-1), 1.5 times the recommended dose (6 t ha-1) and 2 times the recommended dose (8 t ha-1)] and 4 recommendations of phosphate fertilization [absence of phosphate fertilization (0 kg ha-1), recommended dose (90 kg ha-1), 1.5 times the recommended dose (135 kg ha-1) and 2 times the recommended dose (180 kg ha-1). One hundred and eighty days after seedlings were transplanted to the pots, growth variables and production components were measured.
Pages 452-459 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p6946x
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Effect of organic amendments with varied C-N ratios on grain productivity and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from wheat grown in alluvial soil
Anushree Baruah, Nirmali Bordoloi, Kushal K. Baruah*
Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur Central University, 784028, Assam, India
Summary
Four treatments having different C-N ratios, including conventional Nitrogenous fertilizer (NPK), Cow dung (CN = 25:1), Rice straw (CN = 41:1) and Poultry manure (CN = 15:1) were applied in the field to measure nitrous oxide emission from wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop variety Sonalika. The static chamber method and gas chromatography were employed for the collection and analysis of N2O. The cumulative N2O emission flux (Esif) recorded for the first year 2010-2011 were 1.78, 1.34, 1.46 and 1.83kg N2O- N ha-1 while for 2011-2012 it was 1.95, 1.36, 1.77 and 1.88 kg N2O - N ha-1 for NPK, CD, RS and PM, respectively.
Pages 460-469 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p6970x
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Selection of phenotypic traits and resistance to Cowpea severe mosaic virus and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] seeds with rugose white coat
Ueslei Silva Leão, Marcelo Eiras*, Francisco Rodrigues Freire Filho, Maria do Socorro da Rocha Nogueira, Leilane Karam Rodrigues, Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro, Ângela Célis de Almeida Lopes
Federal University of Piauí, Campus Socopo, 64049-550 Teresina (PI), Brazil
Biological Institute, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Health Research Center, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, 66095-100 Belém (PA), Brazil
Embrapa Meio-Norte, Av. Duque de Caxias, 5650, 64006-220 Teresina (PI), Brazil
Summary
This study selected cowpea offspring with (i) white rugose coat seed characteristics that are accepted by markets and (ii) that present resistance to CPSMV (serotype I) and CABMV. The first selection of asymptomatic plants was carried out using seedlings from F3 seeds mechanically inoculated with a mixture of the two viruses. Offspring F3:4 went through a second selection process with two stages, one in the field (with natural inoculation), one in trays (with mechanical inoculation). In total, 40 F3:4 offspring were selected to evaluate agronomic traits in two field assays, one in Teresina, one in Tracuateua (states of Piauí and Pará, respectively) based on a randomized block design with four repetitions.
Pages 470-481 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7101x
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Non-destructive measurement of canopy cover is an alternative to biomass sampling at anthesis to predict yield of canola-quality Brassica juncea
Babu Ram Pandey*, Wayne A. Burton, Phillip A. Salisbury, Marc E. Nicolas
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
Seednet Australia, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources,
5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia
Summary
This study aimed to compare the ability of non-destructive canopy cover measurements (Sunfleck ceptometer and digital photography) with direct biomass sampling at anthesis to predict the yield of canola-quality B. juncea (juncea canola) hybrids. Field experiments were conducted in the Victorian Mallee (226-248 mm annual rainfall) and the Wimmera (266-407 mm annual rainfall) regions from 2012 to 2014. Nineteen juncea canola genotypes were sown in the first year and 10 to 11 genotypes in the subsequent two years of field experiments. The experimental plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Days to 50% flowering, canopy cover and biomass at 50% flowering and seed yield were recorded.
Pages 482-489 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7103x
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Mini-grafting of adult Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. scions onto vegetatively propagated adult rootstocks of P. mucronata Lam.
Layane Segantini Oliari, João Antonio Dutra Giles, Lívia Giro Mayrinck, João Paulo Bestete de Oliveira, José Carlos Lopes, Wagner Campos Otoni, Edilson Romais Schmildt, Elisa Mitsuko Aoyama, Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre*
Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Brazil
Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Forest and Wood Sciences, Brazil
Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Plant Production, Brazil
Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Ibatiba, Brazil
Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Department of Plant Biology, University Campus, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Summary
The mini-grafting is a nondestructive vegetative propagation method based on grafting apical segments onto adult donor plants-derived rootstocks. Here, we aimed at evaluating the mini-grafting of shoot tips derived from adult Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa plants (yellow passion fruit) onto vegetatively propagated rootstocks of P. mucronata (sandbank passion fruit). Different shoot tip lengths and the fastening material were assayed. A randomized block experimental design was set up following a 2 × 3 factorial scheme [shoots: 8-12 and 3-7 cm × fastening materials (circular clip, “V” shaped clip, and Parafilm®)] totaling six treatments with four repetitions of eight plants each. The following characteristics were evaluated: graft setting (%); graft and rootstock diameters (mm); graft diameter/rootstock diameter ratio; cellular division in the graft region and starch presence in the graft and rootstock. Parafilm® provided better adhesion (89.57%) compared to circular (76.03%) and “V” shaped clips (68.74%). The attachment was favored by rootstocks with 8-12 cm shoots (90.27%), compared with those of the 3-7 cm (65.96%). The presence of starch grains in the parenchymatic cells of the graft suggests the translocation of photo-assimilates from physiologically active mature leaves of P. edulis f. flavicarpa to the stem apex. Additionally, the hydrolysis and mobilization of the starch associated and the endogenous auxin levels in this meristematic region may have been responsible for improving the success of the mini-grafting.
Pages 490-496 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7156x
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Slow-release stabilized nitrogen fertilizers on initial development and nutrition of coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.)
Vinícius José Ribeiro*, Felipe Vaz Andrade, Renato Ribeiro Passos, Eduardo Sá Mendonça, Laís Lemos da Silva, Amanda Faé Sartori
Soil Department, University Federal of Viçosa-UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, University Federal of Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Agrarian Sciences Center, University Federal of Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Summary
This study was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the efficiency of stabilized, slow-release nitrogen sources in the early development and nutrition of coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.). The treatments followed a factorial 6 × 3 being: six nitrogen fertilizer sources (conventional urea - CU; ammonium nitrate - AN; elemental sulfur coated urea - US; elemental sulfur coated urea and polymer - USP; urea combined with organic material - UO, and UO + NBPT - UONBPT); three application times, with four replications. The experiment was conducted for 150 days and the aerial part dry mass production (APDM), that of the leaf (LDM), plus the foliar N concentration and content were evaluated.
Pages 497-502 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7229x
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Cover crops affect on soil organic matter fractions under no till system
Simone Cândido Ensinas, Ademar Pereira Serra*, Marlene Estevão Marchetti, Eulene Francisco da Silva, Eber Augusto Ferreira do Prado, Elaine Reis Pinheiro Lourente, Pedro Henrique Altomar, Douglas Costa Potrich, Matheus Andrade Martinez, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Maílson Vieira Jesus, Tárik Cazeiro El Kadri
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post-Graduation Program in Agronomy - Vegetable Production Department, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), City of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Summary
The purpose of this research was to identify the soil organic matter (SOM) fractions changes in a crop rotation system under no-till system (NTS). This research was carried out from October 2010 to February 2014 in a Rhodic Hapludox. The experiment was set up in completely randomized blocks in a factorial design with eight cover crops and three soil depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) with four repetitions. Cover crops: fall-winter corn, intercropping fall-winter corn with Brachiaria ruziziensis, intercropping fall-winter corn with B. brizantha cv. Marandu, intercropping fall-winter corn with Crotalaria spectabilis, B. ruziziensis, B. brizantha cv. Marandu, Pennisetum glaucum L. and set-aside area.
Pages 503-512 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7247x
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Productivity of coffee and legumes intercropped under different sun exposure face
Gabriel Pinto Guimarães*, Paulo César de Lima, Waldenia de Melo Moura, Reginaldo Fialho Valente, André Guarçoni M., Eduardo de Sá Mendonça
Department of Plant Production, University Federal of Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Agricultural Research Corporation of Minas Gerais, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Federal University of Viçosa- UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Extension Rural- INCAPER, Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Summary
The aim of our study was to evaluate, for two different terrain aspects under sun exposure faces, the production of green and dry matter, as well as the nutrient accumulation in the aerial part of legumes and the coffee productivity. The northwest-facing terrain is at 950 m altitude, the average annual temperature is 18.0 °C, the average rainfall is 1320 mm and the average daily solar exposure is 9.1 h. The south-facing terrain is at 690 m altitude, the average annual temperature is 14.0 °C, the average rainfall is 1277 mm and the average daily solar exposure is 6.8 h. The experimental design was inrandomized blocks with a 2 x 8 factorial scheme (two different terrain aspects and 8 types of green manure), and four replications were performed.On the northwest-facing terrain, D. lablab, C. spectabilis, and S. deeringianum had the highest amount of dry matter (3.31, 2.98, and 2.85 Mg ha-1, respectively) and nitrogen accumulation (111.54, 91.83, and 91.51 kg ha-1, respectively).
Pages 513-519 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7278x
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Molecular evaluation of Ethiopian sweet sorghum germplasm and their contribution to regional breeding programs
Tesfaye Disasa, Tileye Feyissa, Belayneh Admassu, Rajneesh Paliwal, Santie M. De Villiers, Damaris Achieng Odeny*
Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Faculty of Life Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Current Address: USDA-ARS, 1691 S2700W, ID 83210, USA
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), P.O Box 39063 - 00623 Nairobi, Kenya
Pwani University, P.O Box 95-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
Summary
In the present study, 13 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used for genotyping 175 Ethiopian sweet sorghum genotypes alongside 27 improved accessions from eastern and southern Africa. All the tested markers detected 159 alleles and a high degree of polymorphism information content (PIC) averaging 0.69. A comparison between Ethiopian and improved accessions revealed higher allele numbers (124) in Ethiopian than improved accessions (92 alleles).
Pages 520-527 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7286x
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Microclimate and development of Coffea canephora cv. Conilon under different shading levels promoted by Australian cedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. Australis)
Gleison Oliosi, João Antonio Dutra Giles, Weverton Pereira Rodrigues, José Cochicho Ramalho, Fábio Luiz Partelli*
Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), São Mateus, ES, Brazil
Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
Grupo Interações Planta-Ambiente & Biodiversidade (PlantStress&Biodiversity), Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, (LEAF), Dept. Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Oeiras, Portugal.
GeoBioTec, Faculdade de Ciências Tecnologia, Universidade Nova Lisboa (FCT/UNL), Caparica, Portugal
Summary
This work aims at to evaluate the microclimate and coffee plant (Coffea canephora cv. Conilon Clone 02) development under different shading levels promoted by the intercropping with Australian cedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. Australis) or under unshaded conditions. Australian cedar and Conilon coffee were planted in 15 × 2m and 3 x 1.2 m spacing, respectively, resulting in five rows of coffee to one row of Australian cedar. The closer the coffee rows were in relation to the Australian cedar trees the higher shade level was obtained. Climatic variables (temperature, irradiance and relative humidity) and leaf areas were evaluated over four seasons, and the internode lengths of plagiotropic and orthotropic branches were evaluated monthly.
Pages 528-538 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7295x
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The self-organizing map for determination of main features related to biological yield and yield of wheat
Ehsan Bijanzadeh*, Marzieh Mokarram
Department of Agroecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Range and Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Summary
Among various methods of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and learning algorithms, self-organizing map (SOM) is one of the most popular models. The aim of this study is to classify features influencing the biological yield and yield of wheat using SOM algorithm. In SOM, according to qualitative data, the clustering tendency of yield and biological yield of wheat were investigated using 11142 data from 16 features. Data was collected from the literatures on the subject of wheat in Iran that was existed in http://sid.ir website. Results showed that when biological yield was as output, K with soil pH, irrigation regime with 1000-kernel weight and organic content (OC) with grain/spike were related to each other closely. Moreover, grain/spike and OC had closer relationship to biological yield.
Pages 539-545 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7336x
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Chlorophyll index (SPAD) and macronutrients relation and productive performance of sorghum hybrids in different sowing dates
César Henrique Souza Zandonadi*, Carlos Juliano Brant Albuquerque, Rogério Soares de Freitas
Federal University of Uberlândia/UFU, Institute of Agricultural Science, Campus Umuarama Block 2E, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
Minas Gerais State Agricultural Research Corporationa/EPAMIG, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
Paulista Agency of Agriculture Technology (APTA), Votuporanga, SP, Brazil
Summary
This study evaluated the productive performance of sorghum in different sowing dates and determined the SPAD chlorophyll index, correlating it with macronutrient contents in hybrids in different development stages and sowing dates. Experiments were conducted in contiguous areas in four sowing dates, the first one was sown on February 26 2013 and the others at 17, 30 and 41 days after the first sowing - (DAFS). The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with nine hybrids and four replications. Each sowing date was considered an individual experiment, and grouped analysis was done to compare characteristics. Macronutrients and indexes content data of Soil Plant Analytical Division value (SPAD) were evaluated at three different stages within the plant cycle, characterizing an experiment in split plot (development stages - subplots), with the factor in the plot (hybrid x sowing time).
Pages 546-555 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7354x
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Growth, nutrition and production of dry matter of Kikuyu Grass (Brachiaria humidicula) as a function of Mn-fertilizer
Everton Martins Arruda, Rilner Alves Flores*, Virgínia Damin, Rosana Alves Gonçalves, Carlos Leandro Rodrigues dos Santos, Marcelo Ribeiro Zucchi, Gustavo de Melo Oliveira Gonçalves, Ricardo Alexandre Florentino Barbosa
Department of Soil Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, State University of Goias, Ipameri, GO, Brazil
Summary
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of manganese on growth, nutrition and yield of Brachiaria humidicula. The study was carried out in a green house in a randomized block design with five rates of manganese (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 mg dm-3) and four replicates. We evaluated plant height, leaf area, relative chlorophyll index, dry matter production, manganese accumulation and content, besides absorption efficiencies and transport and use of manganese (Mn). Brachiaria humidicula showed high tolerance to this nutrient, because the application of only 120 mg dm-3 to the soil was phytotoxic, showing symptoms such as brown spots and leaf tip curling.
Pages 556-564 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7364x
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Qualitative attributes of some mango cultivars fruits
Joyce Helena Modesto*, Sarita Leonel, Daniela Mota Segantini, Jackson Mirellys Azêvedo Souza, Rafael Augusto Ferraz
Department of Horticulture, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
Summary
The aim of this study was to physically and chemically characterize the fruit quality of some mango cultivars grown in a subtropical climate region of São Paulo, in the municipality of São Manuel. The experiment design was totally randomized, consisting of 4 treatments (Palmer, Parwin, Tommy Atkins and Haden cultivars) and 4 repetitions for the physical analyses and 6 repetitions for the chemical analyses. Each repetition composed of 5 fruit from each cultivar.
Pages 565-570 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7388x
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Strategy for grouping wheat genotypes according to environmental responses in multi-location trials
Lindolfo Storck*, Giovani Benin, Volmir Sérgio Marchioro, Raphael Rossi Silva, Leomar Guilherme Woyann, Elesandro Bornhofen
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), PR 469, km 01, 85501-970, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil
Wheat breeding, Central Cooperative Agricultural Research (COODETEC), BR 467, km 98, 85813-450, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
Summary
The objective of this study was to evaluate a strategy to perform a joint analysis in wheat yield trials with genotypes classified according to their interactions with the environment. Measurements of the adaptability and stability estimates were used in the proposed strategy. We analyzed grain yield data from 367 wheat genotypes in 348 yield trials classified into 58 groups. In each group, 25 genotypes at different numbers of locations were evaluated using data from 2010, 2011 and 2012. Joint analysis of variance was performed for each group to determine the genotype contribution to the GEI.
Pages 571-578 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7450x
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Soybean cultivars agronomic performance and yield according to doses of Azospirillum brasilense applied to leaves
Alan Mario Zuffo*, Pedro Milanez de Rezende, Adriano Teodoro Bruzi, Augusto Belchior Marchetti Ribeiro, Everton Vinicius Zambiazzi, Igor Oliveri Soares, Nelson Júnior Dias Vilela, Mariane Cristina Bianchi
Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic traits and grain yield in soybean crops through Azospirillum brasilense doses applied by spray coverage. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in a 4 × 6 factorial, with four cultivars (Anta 82 RR®, BRS Favorita RR®, BRS 780 RR®, BRS 820 RR®) and six doses of Azospirillum brasilense (0, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 mL ha-1) with three replications in two crop years. The characters such as plant height, shoot dry mass, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content were evaluated at flowering.
Pages 579-583 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7554x
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Review Article
Homologs of old yellow enzyme in plants
Bayan Al-Momany, Saeid Abu-Romman*
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan
Summary
Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) is a flavin mononucleotide-dependent oxidoreductase. 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) are OYE homologs and are represented by multigene families in plants. OPRs catalyze the reduction of double bonds in a,ß-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones. They belong to the octadecanoid pathway, which converts linolenic acid to jasmonic acid (JA). Individual OPR family members may have distinct functions due to their different substrate specificity, subcellular localization, tissue distribution, and differential regulation of their expression in response to specific environmental cues. This review will highlight some characteristics of this family in Arabidopsis and other species and discuss the physiological role of OPR family members in plants.
Pages 584-590 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7555x
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Combining effects of ozone and carbon dioxide application on photosynthesis of Thai jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105
Rutairat Phothi, Chanin Umponstira*, Charoon Sarin, Wapakorn Siriwong, Nivat Nabheerong
Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
Phitsanulok Rice Research Center, Wangthong, Phitsanulok 65130, Thailand
Summary
This research investigated the effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105. Seedlings were kept in indoor climate control chambers which were set to typically background level of ozone (<10 ppb) by passing inlet air from outside through charcoal filter prior to enter to the chambers. Plant samples were fumigated by ozone concentration level at 40 ppb, 70 ppb and carbon dioxide concentration level at 700 ppm. For combined effects, elevated carbon dioxide concentration 700 ppm was given into two combination treatments of ozone concentration level at 40 and 70 ppb. Control groups were grown in charcoal-filter chambers with no additional ozone. Plant samples then were fumigated with ozone and carbon dioxide for 28 days at tillering stage (at the rice age of 42 to 70 days), and analyzed weekly for photosynthesis rate, leaf chlorophyll, total soluble sugar and biomass.
Pages 591-597 | Full Text PDF | DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7595x