Volume 9 Issue 9 | September 2015
Table of Contents
9(9) 2015
9(9) 2015
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2015
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | September 2015
Volume 9 Number 9 Year 2015
Volume 9 Number 9 Year 2015
Nitrogen components, growth and gas exchange in spring wheat plants grown under interaction of silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N)
Edson Santos da Silva, Renato de Mello Prado, Durvalina Maria Mathias dos Santos, Flávio José Rodrigues Cruz*, Hilário Júnior de Almeida, Cid Naudi Silva Campos
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal), via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
Abstract
Some studies have reported a synergistic effect between N and Si in plant growth. The effect of interaction between Si and N on the nitrogen metabolism, growth and gas exchange in spring wheat plants genotype IAC 375 was therefore investigated in the present study. Two Si doses (0 and 1.8 mmol L-1) and five N doses (1.4, 3.6, 7.1, 14.3 and 28.6 mmol L-1) were used. The concentrations of leaf (R2=0.66*) and root silicon (R2=0.24*) were influenced by the dose of 1.8 mmol L-1 of Si while unaffected by N doses. On the other hand, N doses were more decisive than Si in nitrate reductase activity, and leaf and root nitrogen content.
Pages 790-798 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
In-silico expressed sequence tag analysis in identification and characterization of salinity stress responsible genes in Sorghum bicolor
Pavan K. Chaduvula, Jyotika Bhati, Anil Rai, Kishore Gaikwad, Soma S. Marla, M. Elangovan and Sanjeev Kumar*
Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
National Research Centre Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
DNA Fingerprinting Division, National Bureau for Plant Genetic Resources, IARI Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
Plant Variety Protection, Directorate of Sorghum Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India
Abstract
The present work emphasizes on reconstruction, validation and annotation of salt stress genes of Sorghum. In order to identify genes responsible for salt stress in Sorghum, 6749 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were mined from the web recourses. The downloaded ESTs were clustered and assembled into 823 contigs and biological functions were acquired to the most of the contigs through Gene Ontology (GO). 617 contigs were showed homology to Rice, Maize and Barley protein sequences.
Pages 799-806 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Research Note
Recovery of metallic markers sprayed on soybean plants
Lilian Lúcia Costa, Marcelo da Costa Ferreira, Henrique Borges Neves Campos*, Olinto Lasmar, Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz
UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Department of Fitossanidade, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Abstract
Here, we investigated the recovery of metallic ions used as markers sprayed on soybean plants. The experiment was carried out with soybean plants grown in vases from April to June 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 treatments, each one composed by the metallic markers: manganese sulfate (MnSO4), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), copper sulfate (CuSO4), copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) and copper oxychloryde (CuCl2.3Cu(OH)2). Each marker was sprayed on soybean leaves in 5 dosages and 2 replications (plants at phenological stages R1 and R2). Considering the extraction method used and the rate of recovery, the markers copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride are not recommended for such studies, since these products either on soybean leaves or in a glass laminae showed lower recovery (lower than 97%). Otherwise, the manganese, copper and zinc sulfates (above than 98%) are suitable for studying spray deposits. Appropriated metallic markers to study deposits are discussed.
Pages 807-811 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Tractor performance and corn crop development as a function of furrow opener and working depth in a Red Latosol
Rafael Scabello Bertonha*, Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani, Vicente Filho Alves Silva, David L. Wright
Department of Rural Engineering, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP/FCAV, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Access way, 14884-900 - Jaboticabal, SP - Brazil
Federal Rural University of Amazonia - UFRA, Brazil
North Florida Research and Education Center - NFREC/IFAS - University of Florida, USA
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze three hoe-type furrow openers of planters at different working depths, evaluating the area of disturbed soil, tractor performance, and corn crop yield. The experiment was conducted in areas of the UNESP/FCAV, Brazil on a soil classified as a Eutroferric Red Latosol. The results showed that the soil disturbance was highest at working depths of WD3, WD4, and WD5. With WD1 and WD2, the emerged seedlings began the crop cycle in fewer quantities (72839 and 73380 plants ha-1, respectively).
Pages 812-818 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Research Note
Comparative analysis of gene expression of Ty-1 hybrid and non-hybrid tomatoes exposed to tomato yellow leaf curl virus strains
Muhammad Shafiq Shahid*, Junji Kimbara, Ayumu Onozato, Keiko T. Natsuaki, Masato Ikegami
NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
Agricultural Research Department, Research Institute, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi 329-2762, Japan
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed differential gene expression in response to TYLCV-IL and TYLCV-Mld (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae) viral strains infection in the Ty-1 tomato hybrids (Esns1) and non-hybrid tomato (P1788) accessions. cDNA microarray hybridization was used to detect a group of genes that were differentially expressed in Esns1 infected with TYLCV strains at 18 days post inoculation. The microarray analysis recognized significantly changed expression of different gene targets. Additional analysis confirmed that 43 genes were significantly up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated in the Esns1against compared to P1788 with TYLCV strains.
Pages 819-825 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Effect of photosystem II, lipid biosynthesis and auxin inhibitor herbicides on fluorescence induction curve
Ali Asghar Chitband*, Reza Ghorbani, Mohammad Hassan Rashed Mohassel, Rahmat Abbasi
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
Abstract
Measuring chlorophyll fluorescence is a noninvasive, highly sensitive and fast technique for assaying photosynthetic apparatus status in plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were carried out to characterize how the fluorescence induction curve (Kautsky curve) and its parameters were affected by untreated control and seven doses of desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate (photosystem II (PSII) + lipid biosynthesis inhibitors), chloridazon (PSII inhibitor) and clopyralid (plant growth regulator (PGR) inhibitor) in common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.). Biomass effective dose (ED50 and/or ED90), based on log-logistic dose-response curves, were more effective in black nightshade control than common lambsquarters, i.e. the minimum dose required for a satisfactory control with 90% reduction on black nightshade dry matter (ED90) was 316.60, 1133.16 and 132.40 g ai ha-1 for desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate, chloridazon and clopyralid, respectively.
Pages 826-834 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Response of iron-enriched palisadegrass seedlings to toxic Cr3+ revealed by physiological indicators and protein profiles using microfluidic electrophoresis
Leônidas Paixão Passos*, Alessa Siqueira de Oliveira dos Santos, Marta Fonseca Martins, Naiara Pereira Botezine, Heitor Carvalho da Costa Lopes, Diego Henrique da Silva Dias, Gisele Nogueira Fogaça, Paola Ramos Coutinho Reis, and Rafael Marques
Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento 610, Juiz de Fora, MG 36038-330 Brazil
Abstract
Most studies on crop responses to Cr toxicity lack using acidic growing medium in order to maximize Cr uptake and taking measures to prevent Cr-induced Fe deficiency. Also, the evaluation of protein profiles is still to be carried out in association with physiological responses to Cr stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Cr3+ on the physiology and protein profiles of Fe-enriched palisadegrass seedlings in an acidic nutrient solution under controlled conditions. Following 30 days of continuous stress, a sharp reduction in leaf area was the most evident alteration caused by Cr3+ stress, while a tendency of depressing effects was observed in the other physiological variables. Nutrient solution acidity had no significant effect, which could be associated with the high tolerance of palisadegrass to acidic soils.
Pages 835-843 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Genetic diversity of soybean genotypes differing in isoflavones content as revealed by HPLC and SSR markers
Vineet Kumar*, Anita Rani, Reena Rawal, Vaishali Mourya, Swati Putrevu, Jaya Jhawar, Amit Dixit
ICAR-Directorate of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore (MP), India, 452 001
Abstract
High-isoflavones soybean genotypes are desired in nutraceutical industry. Conversely, low-isoflavones soybean genotypes are preferred to regular soybean in designing soy-based infant formula and in developing soy food products with reduced astringent taste. Concentration of individual form of isoflavones viz. daidzein, glycitein and genistein was determined in the seeds of 46 Indian and exotic soybean genotypes using high performance liquid chromatography. The study exhibited a 9-fold (234.3-2092.5 µg/g of seed) genetic variation for total isoflavones content, with 19 genotypes falling in high isoflavones (>1200 µg/g), and 14 genotypes in low isoflavoes category (<600 µg/g).
Pages 844-852 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Wheat yield and soil properties as influenced by crops residues and nitrogen rates
Asal Keshavarznejad Ghadikolayi, Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini* and Mohamad Jafar Bahrani
Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract
Incorporation of crop residues into the soil as a source of nutrients and conservation has been widely accepted worldwide. Considering the proper previous crop residues management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, a biennial (2010-2012) experiment was conducted to determine the influence of nitrogen (N) and some crops residues on wheat grain yield and some soil properties. The highest yield was obtained from no residue treatment in the first year and sunflower residues incorporation in the second year. The highest soil organic matter (SOM) contents were obtained from 135 kg ha-1 N in the first year, and 90 kg ha-1 N with 50% of sunflower residues incorporation in the second year. The highest soil N contents (SNC) were achieved with 135 kg ha-1 N and 25% of sunflower residues in the first year, 90 kg ha-1 N and 50% of sunflower residues, and 180 kg ha-1 N and 50% of corn residues incorporation in the second year. Incorporation of all crop residues reduced wheat yield, but incorporation of 25% sunflower residues had the lowest yield reductions and the highest SOC and SNC.
Pages 853-858 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Effect of vibration damage on the storage quality of ‘Elsanta’ strawberry
Saowapa Chaiwong*, Chris F. H. Bishop
Writtle College, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom CM1 3RR
School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand 57100
Abstract
Vibration tests were carried out on strawberry punnets at three frequency levels of 3, 4 and 5 Hz for 50 and 150 sec. ‘Elsanta’ strawberries were packed in 250 g polyethylene terephthalate (PET) punnets for the vibration test. Strawberry quality was determined immediately after vibration test on the initial day and after storage at 10oC (±1oC) and 70% RH (±5%RH) for 3 days. Strawberries in the punnets were evaluated for percentage of quality categories, severity bruise, electrical conductivity (EC), firmness as well as total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). EC value and percentage of the dry bruise showed an increase with frequency level and time. The frequency at 5 Hz for 150 sec was the critical vibration for an increase of bruise and EC value and a reduction of severity score (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed among TSS and TA submitted to different frequency and time of the vibration test.
Pages 859-864 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Pod sealant and canola harvest methods for pod shattering mitigation
Anderson Luis Nunes, Joel Ascari, Lizandro Pereira, Serleni Geni Sossmeier, Noryam Bervian Bispo
Department of Agronomy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Oleoplan Biodiesel Company, Veranópolis, Brazil
BSBIOS Renewable Energy Company, Passo Fundo, Brazil
Abstract
In this study, canola harvest methods that are sometimes associated with pod sealant were evaluated to mitigate pod shattering. The following six harvest methods were evaluated at four locations in the presence or absence of a pod sealant: a) untreated direct harvesting; b) swathing; c) diquat + direct harvesting (DH); d) glufosinate + DH; e) paraquat + DH and f) paraquat + diuron + DH. The analysis of variance showed significant interactions at the four locations between the presence and absence of the pod sealant and the harvest methods (P = 0.01). When harvesting was performed at the ideal time, the windrowing and direct harvest methods resulted in higher yields.
Pages 865-869 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Irrigation water salinity and nitrogen doses affect the cultivation of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) at different phenological stages
Geovani Soares de Lima*, Reginaldo Gomes Nobre, Hans Raj Gheyi, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares, Evandro Manoel da Silva
Federal University of Campina Grande, Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering,Campina Grande, 58.109-970, Paraíba, Brazil
Federal University of Campina Grande, Academic Unit of Agricultural Science, Pombal, 58.840-000, Paraíba, Brazil
Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Nucleus of Soil and Water Engineering, Cruz das Almas, 44.380-000, Bahia, Brazil
Fellow of CNPq Research Productivity, level 2, Brazil
Fellowof CNPq Reseach Productivity, level 1A, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate growth and yield of castor bean plants cv. ‘BRS Energia’, as a function of electrical conductivity of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilization under different water management strategies. The experiment was carried out in field conditions in a Regolithic Neosols Eutrophic with sandy loam texture. The results showed that use of saline water, regardless of the management strategy, affects growth and yield of the cv. ‘BRS Energia’ which is more sensitive to saline stress when irrigated with saline water throughout the entire cycle. The N doses did not influence the evaluated growth and yield variables. Irrigation with water caused alterations in the content and yield of oil. Water with electrical conductivity of 2.1 dS m-1 may be utilized in cultivation of castor bean cultivar ‘BRS Energia’.
Pages 870-878 | Full Text PDF
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Development and production of crambe (Crambe abyssinica) under different nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers
Lúcia Helena Garófalo Chaves*, Eduardo Obadowski Ledur, Josely Dantas Fernandes, Iêde de Brito Chaves
Federal University Campina Grande, Campina Grande,PB, Brazil
Federal Technological University of Paraná, Medianeira,PR, Brazil
State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande,PB, Brazil
Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil
Fellow of CNPq Research Productivity, level 1C, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen (0; 30; 60; 90; 120 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (0; 50; 75; 100; 125 kg ha-1) rates on the plant height, shoot biomass production, grain, lipid, nitrogen and protein yields, and leaf N and P content in crambe cultivated in Typic Haplorthox soil (Dusky Red Latosol). The nitrogen increased biomass production, grain yield and leaf nitrogen and potassium content. Phosphorus promoted an increase in the phosphorus and potassium accumulation in plant leaves. The interaction of nitrogen with phosphorus only increased the plant height. The grain lipid, nitrogen and protein content were not significantly affected as a function of phosphorus and nitrogen application in soil. Apparently, the growth and production characteristics of crambe plants did not respond to phosphorus fertilization.
Pages 879-885 | Full Text PDF
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Responses of rice yield and grain quality to high temperature in open-top chamber to predict impact of future global warming in Thailand
Pasagorn Samol , Chanin Umponstira*, Pantip Klomjek, Pajaree Thongsanit
Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000,Thailand
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Abstract
The study was aimed to study effects of high temperature range in comparison with the ambient conditions (about 2-4 oC at daytime and 1-2 oC at nighttime) obtained from the chosen open-top chamber (OTC) design on maturity stage of rice such as maturity growth indexes, yield attributes and grain quality characteristics. The rice grown outside the OTC was used as a control sample. It appeared that high temperature (35.74-31.84 oC at daytime and 27.87-22.96 oC at nighttime) inside the OTC during crop period significantly decreased number of tiller per pot and increased height of plant at maturity stage. The percentage of ripen panicle, length of panicle, and number of spikelet per panicle were significantly greater than those of control plants. However, the weight of 1,000 seeds was decreased and the percentage of unfilled grain inside the OTC increased, compared to rices outside, showing the way of a reduction in rice yields and qualities. The total carbohydrate of grains was decreased, while the protein and ash content increased. There were no significant difference of the moisture of rice grains and fat content while the color of grains was significantly different between inside and outside the OTC. The appearance of rice paddy inside was greener than that of outside.
Pages 886-894 | Full Text PDF
Edson Santos da Silva, Renato de Mello Prado, Durvalina Maria Mathias dos Santos, Flávio José Rodrigues Cruz*, Hilário Júnior de Almeida, Cid Naudi Silva Campos
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal), via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
Abstract
Some studies have reported a synergistic effect between N and Si in plant growth. The effect of interaction between Si and N on the nitrogen metabolism, growth and gas exchange in spring wheat plants genotype IAC 375 was therefore investigated in the present study. Two Si doses (0 and 1.8 mmol L-1) and five N doses (1.4, 3.6, 7.1, 14.3 and 28.6 mmol L-1) were used. The concentrations of leaf (R2=0.66*) and root silicon (R2=0.24*) were influenced by the dose of 1.8 mmol L-1 of Si while unaffected by N doses. On the other hand, N doses were more decisive than Si in nitrate reductase activity, and leaf and root nitrogen content.
Pages 790-798 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
In-silico expressed sequence tag analysis in identification and characterization of salinity stress responsible genes in Sorghum bicolor
Pavan K. Chaduvula, Jyotika Bhati, Anil Rai, Kishore Gaikwad, Soma S. Marla, M. Elangovan and Sanjeev Kumar*
Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
National Research Centre Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
DNA Fingerprinting Division, National Bureau for Plant Genetic Resources, IARI Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
Plant Variety Protection, Directorate of Sorghum Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India
Abstract
The present work emphasizes on reconstruction, validation and annotation of salt stress genes of Sorghum. In order to identify genes responsible for salt stress in Sorghum, 6749 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were mined from the web recourses. The downloaded ESTs were clustered and assembled into 823 contigs and biological functions were acquired to the most of the contigs through Gene Ontology (GO). 617 contigs were showed homology to Rice, Maize and Barley protein sequences.
Pages 799-806 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Research Note
Recovery of metallic markers sprayed on soybean plants
Lilian Lúcia Costa, Marcelo da Costa Ferreira, Henrique Borges Neves Campos*, Olinto Lasmar, Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz
UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Department of Fitossanidade, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Abstract
Here, we investigated the recovery of metallic ions used as markers sprayed on soybean plants. The experiment was carried out with soybean plants grown in vases from April to June 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 treatments, each one composed by the metallic markers: manganese sulfate (MnSO4), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), copper sulfate (CuSO4), copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) and copper oxychloryde (CuCl2.3Cu(OH)2). Each marker was sprayed on soybean leaves in 5 dosages and 2 replications (plants at phenological stages R1 and R2). Considering the extraction method used and the rate of recovery, the markers copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride are not recommended for such studies, since these products either on soybean leaves or in a glass laminae showed lower recovery (lower than 97%). Otherwise, the manganese, copper and zinc sulfates (above than 98%) are suitable for studying spray deposits. Appropriated metallic markers to study deposits are discussed.
Pages 807-811 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Tractor performance and corn crop development as a function of furrow opener and working depth in a Red Latosol
Rafael Scabello Bertonha*, Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani, Vicente Filho Alves Silva, David L. Wright
Department of Rural Engineering, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP/FCAV, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Access way, 14884-900 - Jaboticabal, SP - Brazil
Federal Rural University of Amazonia - UFRA, Brazil
North Florida Research and Education Center - NFREC/IFAS - University of Florida, USA
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze three hoe-type furrow openers of planters at different working depths, evaluating the area of disturbed soil, tractor performance, and corn crop yield. The experiment was conducted in areas of the UNESP/FCAV, Brazil on a soil classified as a Eutroferric Red Latosol. The results showed that the soil disturbance was highest at working depths of WD3, WD4, and WD5. With WD1 and WD2, the emerged seedlings began the crop cycle in fewer quantities (72839 and 73380 plants ha-1, respectively).
Pages 812-818 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Research Note
Comparative analysis of gene expression of Ty-1 hybrid and non-hybrid tomatoes exposed to tomato yellow leaf curl virus strains
Muhammad Shafiq Shahid*, Junji Kimbara, Ayumu Onozato, Keiko T. Natsuaki, Masato Ikegami
NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
Agricultural Research Department, Research Institute, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi 329-2762, Japan
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed differential gene expression in response to TYLCV-IL and TYLCV-Mld (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae) viral strains infection in the Ty-1 tomato hybrids (Esns1) and non-hybrid tomato (P1788) accessions. cDNA microarray hybridization was used to detect a group of genes that were differentially expressed in Esns1 infected with TYLCV strains at 18 days post inoculation. The microarray analysis recognized significantly changed expression of different gene targets. Additional analysis confirmed that 43 genes were significantly up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated in the Esns1against compared to P1788 with TYLCV strains.
Pages 819-825 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Effect of photosystem II, lipid biosynthesis and auxin inhibitor herbicides on fluorescence induction curve
Ali Asghar Chitband*, Reza Ghorbani, Mohammad Hassan Rashed Mohassel, Rahmat Abbasi
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
Abstract
Measuring chlorophyll fluorescence is a noninvasive, highly sensitive and fast technique for assaying photosynthetic apparatus status in plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were carried out to characterize how the fluorescence induction curve (Kautsky curve) and its parameters were affected by untreated control and seven doses of desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate (photosystem II (PSII) + lipid biosynthesis inhibitors), chloridazon (PSII inhibitor) and clopyralid (plant growth regulator (PGR) inhibitor) in common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.). Biomass effective dose (ED50 and/or ED90), based on log-logistic dose-response curves, were more effective in black nightshade control than common lambsquarters, i.e. the minimum dose required for a satisfactory control with 90% reduction on black nightshade dry matter (ED90) was 316.60, 1133.16 and 132.40 g ai ha-1 for desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate, chloridazon and clopyralid, respectively.
Pages 826-834 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Response of iron-enriched palisadegrass seedlings to toxic Cr3+ revealed by physiological indicators and protein profiles using microfluidic electrophoresis
Leônidas Paixão Passos*, Alessa Siqueira de Oliveira dos Santos, Marta Fonseca Martins, Naiara Pereira Botezine, Heitor Carvalho da Costa Lopes, Diego Henrique da Silva Dias, Gisele Nogueira Fogaça, Paola Ramos Coutinho Reis, and Rafael Marques
Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento 610, Juiz de Fora, MG 36038-330 Brazil
Abstract
Most studies on crop responses to Cr toxicity lack using acidic growing medium in order to maximize Cr uptake and taking measures to prevent Cr-induced Fe deficiency. Also, the evaluation of protein profiles is still to be carried out in association with physiological responses to Cr stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Cr3+ on the physiology and protein profiles of Fe-enriched palisadegrass seedlings in an acidic nutrient solution under controlled conditions. Following 30 days of continuous stress, a sharp reduction in leaf area was the most evident alteration caused by Cr3+ stress, while a tendency of depressing effects was observed in the other physiological variables. Nutrient solution acidity had no significant effect, which could be associated with the high tolerance of palisadegrass to acidic soils.
Pages 835-843 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Genetic diversity of soybean genotypes differing in isoflavones content as revealed by HPLC and SSR markers
Vineet Kumar*, Anita Rani, Reena Rawal, Vaishali Mourya, Swati Putrevu, Jaya Jhawar, Amit Dixit
ICAR-Directorate of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore (MP), India, 452 001
Abstract
High-isoflavones soybean genotypes are desired in nutraceutical industry. Conversely, low-isoflavones soybean genotypes are preferred to regular soybean in designing soy-based infant formula and in developing soy food products with reduced astringent taste. Concentration of individual form of isoflavones viz. daidzein, glycitein and genistein was determined in the seeds of 46 Indian and exotic soybean genotypes using high performance liquid chromatography. The study exhibited a 9-fold (234.3-2092.5 µg/g of seed) genetic variation for total isoflavones content, with 19 genotypes falling in high isoflavones (>1200 µg/g), and 14 genotypes in low isoflavoes category (<600 µg/g).
Pages 844-852 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Wheat yield and soil properties as influenced by crops residues and nitrogen rates
Asal Keshavarznejad Ghadikolayi, Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini* and Mohamad Jafar Bahrani
Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract
Incorporation of crop residues into the soil as a source of nutrients and conservation has been widely accepted worldwide. Considering the proper previous crop residues management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, a biennial (2010-2012) experiment was conducted to determine the influence of nitrogen (N) and some crops residues on wheat grain yield and some soil properties. The highest yield was obtained from no residue treatment in the first year and sunflower residues incorporation in the second year. The highest soil organic matter (SOM) contents were obtained from 135 kg ha-1 N in the first year, and 90 kg ha-1 N with 50% of sunflower residues incorporation in the second year. The highest soil N contents (SNC) were achieved with 135 kg ha-1 N and 25% of sunflower residues in the first year, 90 kg ha-1 N and 50% of sunflower residues, and 180 kg ha-1 N and 50% of corn residues incorporation in the second year. Incorporation of all crop residues reduced wheat yield, but incorporation of 25% sunflower residues had the lowest yield reductions and the highest SOC and SNC.
Pages 853-858 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Effect of vibration damage on the storage quality of ‘Elsanta’ strawberry
Saowapa Chaiwong*, Chris F. H. Bishop
Writtle College, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom CM1 3RR
School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand 57100
Abstract
Vibration tests were carried out on strawberry punnets at three frequency levels of 3, 4 and 5 Hz for 50 and 150 sec. ‘Elsanta’ strawberries were packed in 250 g polyethylene terephthalate (PET) punnets for the vibration test. Strawberry quality was determined immediately after vibration test on the initial day and after storage at 10oC (±1oC) and 70% RH (±5%RH) for 3 days. Strawberries in the punnets were evaluated for percentage of quality categories, severity bruise, electrical conductivity (EC), firmness as well as total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). EC value and percentage of the dry bruise showed an increase with frequency level and time. The frequency at 5 Hz for 150 sec was the critical vibration for an increase of bruise and EC value and a reduction of severity score (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed among TSS and TA submitted to different frequency and time of the vibration test.
Pages 859-864 | Full Text PDF
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Pod sealant and canola harvest methods for pod shattering mitigation
Anderson Luis Nunes, Joel Ascari, Lizandro Pereira, Serleni Geni Sossmeier, Noryam Bervian Bispo
Department of Agronomy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Oleoplan Biodiesel Company, Veranópolis, Brazil
BSBIOS Renewable Energy Company, Passo Fundo, Brazil
Abstract
In this study, canola harvest methods that are sometimes associated with pod sealant were evaluated to mitigate pod shattering. The following six harvest methods were evaluated at four locations in the presence or absence of a pod sealant: a) untreated direct harvesting; b) swathing; c) diquat + direct harvesting (DH); d) glufosinate + DH; e) paraquat + DH and f) paraquat + diuron + DH. The analysis of variance showed significant interactions at the four locations between the presence and absence of the pod sealant and the harvest methods (P = 0.01). When harvesting was performed at the ideal time, the windrowing and direct harvest methods resulted in higher yields.
Pages 865-869 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
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Irrigation water salinity and nitrogen doses affect the cultivation of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) at different phenological stages
Geovani Soares de Lima*, Reginaldo Gomes Nobre, Hans Raj Gheyi, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares, Evandro Manoel da Silva
Federal University of Campina Grande, Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering,Campina Grande, 58.109-970, Paraíba, Brazil
Federal University of Campina Grande, Academic Unit of Agricultural Science, Pombal, 58.840-000, Paraíba, Brazil
Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Nucleus of Soil and Water Engineering, Cruz das Almas, 44.380-000, Bahia, Brazil
Fellow of CNPq Research Productivity, level 2, Brazil
Fellowof CNPq Reseach Productivity, level 1A, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate growth and yield of castor bean plants cv. ‘BRS Energia’, as a function of electrical conductivity of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilization under different water management strategies. The experiment was carried out in field conditions in a Regolithic Neosols Eutrophic with sandy loam texture. The results showed that use of saline water, regardless of the management strategy, affects growth and yield of the cv. ‘BRS Energia’ which is more sensitive to saline stress when irrigated with saline water throughout the entire cycle. The N doses did not influence the evaluated growth and yield variables. Irrigation with water caused alterations in the content and yield of oil. Water with electrical conductivity of 2.1 dS m-1 may be utilized in cultivation of castor bean cultivar ‘BRS Energia’.
Pages 870-878 | Full Text PDF
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Development and production of crambe (Crambe abyssinica) under different nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers
Lúcia Helena Garófalo Chaves*, Eduardo Obadowski Ledur, Josely Dantas Fernandes, Iêde de Brito Chaves
Federal University Campina Grande, Campina Grande,PB, Brazil
Federal Technological University of Paraná, Medianeira,PR, Brazil
State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande,PB, Brazil
Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil
Fellow of CNPq Research Productivity, level 1C, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen (0; 30; 60; 90; 120 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (0; 50; 75; 100; 125 kg ha-1) rates on the plant height, shoot biomass production, grain, lipid, nitrogen and protein yields, and leaf N and P content in crambe cultivated in Typic Haplorthox soil (Dusky Red Latosol). The nitrogen increased biomass production, grain yield and leaf nitrogen and potassium content. Phosphorus promoted an increase in the phosphorus and potassium accumulation in plant leaves. The interaction of nitrogen with phosphorus only increased the plant height. The grain lipid, nitrogen and protein content were not significantly affected as a function of phosphorus and nitrogen application in soil. Apparently, the growth and production characteristics of crambe plants did not respond to phosphorus fertilization.
Pages 879-885 | Full Text PDF
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Responses of rice yield and grain quality to high temperature in open-top chamber to predict impact of future global warming in Thailand
Pasagorn Samol , Chanin Umponstira*, Pantip Klomjek, Pajaree Thongsanit
Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000,Thailand
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Abstract
The study was aimed to study effects of high temperature range in comparison with the ambient conditions (about 2-4 oC at daytime and 1-2 oC at nighttime) obtained from the chosen open-top chamber (OTC) design on maturity stage of rice such as maturity growth indexes, yield attributes and grain quality characteristics. The rice grown outside the OTC was used as a control sample. It appeared that high temperature (35.74-31.84 oC at daytime and 27.87-22.96 oC at nighttime) inside the OTC during crop period significantly decreased number of tiller per pot and increased height of plant at maturity stage. The percentage of ripen panicle, length of panicle, and number of spikelet per panicle were significantly greater than those of control plants. However, the weight of 1,000 seeds was decreased and the percentage of unfilled grain inside the OTC increased, compared to rices outside, showing the way of a reduction in rice yields and qualities. The total carbohydrate of grains was decreased, while the protein and ash content increased. There were no significant difference of the moisture of rice grains and fat content while the color of grains was significantly different between inside and outside the OTC. The appearance of rice paddy inside was greener than that of outside.
Pages 886-894 | Full Text PDF
