Volume 8 Issue 9 | September 2014 issue
Table of Contents
8(9) 2014
8(9) 2014
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2014
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | September 2014
Volume 8 Number 9 Year 2014
Genetic diversity of agro-morphological characters in Indian wheat varieties using GT biplot
Rekha Malik*, Hemani Sharma, Indu Sharma, Sushila Kundu, Ajay Verma, Sonia Sheoran, Rajendra Kumar and Ravish Chatrath
Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal-132001
Summary
This study examined the extent of agro-morphological variations in Indian wheat varieties and graphically displayed the interrelationships among them at phenotypic level. 258 wheat varieties developed in last fifty years (1961-2010) for six different agro-climatic wheat sowing regions of India were characterized for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) using 20 agro-morphological characters. DUS descriptors such as waxiness on plant parts, plant height and growth habit were identified as prominent morphological determinants for genetic diversity in Indian wheat.
Pages 1266-1271 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Flowering phenology and yield-related traits in an interspecific cross between Coffea pseudozanguebariae Bridson and C. canephora Pierre
Doffou Sélastique Akaffou*, Ibrahim Konate, Raoul Sylvère Sié, Valérie Poncet, Irié Arsène Zoro Bi, Jules Keli, Hyacinthe Legnate, Alexandre de Kochko, Serge Hamon and Perla Hamon
Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire
Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire
IRD, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique, 01 BP 1740 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
Summary
Higher caffeine content and cup beverage bitterness considerably depreciated the commercial value of Coffea canephora Pierre (CAN) compared with C. arabica L (ARA). Wild caffeine-free species like C. pseudozanguebariae Bridson (PSE) offer the opportunity to produce new CAN varieties containing little or no caffeine. F1 plants resulting from a PSE × CAN cross, and BC1 individuals, derived from the first backcross generation (PSE × CAN) × CAN) were produced. In order to assess flowering phenology and yield traits in F1 and BC1 hybrids, six morphological characters including flowering time, pollen viability (PV), fructification rate (FR), seed set (SSET), flower number per node (NFN) and 100-bean weight (W100) were studied under environmental conditions in Côte d’Ivoire. The results showed that F1 plants flowered only in February while, for BC1, 20% and 80% of the plants flowered in January and February, respectively.
Pages 1272-1280 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Population structure and genetic diversity among Indian wheat varieties using microsatellite (SSR) markers
Apoorva Arora, Sushila Kundu, Neeraj Dilbaghi, Indu Sharma, Ratan Tiwari*
Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana132001, India;
Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana125004, India
Summary
Platform for improvement of crop plants is largely setup by the genetic variability studies. The current work was performed to assess the status of genetic diversity among 319 Indian wheat varieties so that they can be used effectively for future breeding practices. Out of 30 markers applied, 50 polymorphic fragments generated from16 polymorphic primers were selected for diversity studies. Jaccob’s similarity model and Bayesian analysis were performed using software package DARwin 5.0 and STRUCTURE 2.3.3 respectively. Grouping obtained from both the analysis were found to be consistent and was helpful in analyzing the distribution of genetic variability across different centres of wheat research in India. The total genetic diversity for all groups (Ht) was 0.38888 and within groups (Hs) was 0.3130 indicating less genetic variability among sub-populations (Gst=0.19).
Pages 1281-1289 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data
...........................................................................................................................................................
Storage potential of primed seeds of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and beet root (Beta vulgaris)
Nirmala Kuppusamy, Umarani Ranganathan*
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India
Summary
Seed priming increases the germination rate, uniformity and emergence under a broader range of environmental conditions besides improving seedling vigor and growth. However, reports on subsequent seed storage potential of primed seeds are more variable. Most of the studies reported have not compared the effects of different methods of priming on seed longevity. In the present study, the seeds of okra and beet root were subjected to four methods of priming , by including two durations viz., hydro priming (12, 24 h), sand matricpriming (60 % WHC; 3, 6 h), halo priming ( 3% NaCl; 12,24 h) and osmopriming (PEG,24 h) two osmotic levels (-1 and -1.5 Mpa ). In okra, among the priming methods, hydro priming (both 12 and 24 h) was detrimental to seed quality both initially and over six months of storage. Besides, longer durations of sand matricpriming (60 % WHC; 6 h) and halo priming ( 3% NaCl; 24 h) were found to be inferior to shorter duration counterparts, as they showed 10 and 15 per cent reduction in initial germination, respectively.
Pages 1290-1297 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Accelerated ageing test for vigour assessment of pigeon pea Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. seeds
Mauricio Feis Ganz Sanches*, Juliana Faria dos Santos, Cibele Chalita Martins, Francisco Humberto Dübbern de Souza, Roberval Daiton Vieira
UNESP - São Paulo State University, Department of Plant Production, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Summary
Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is widely cultivated in tropical areas of the world and it is used as a green manure and forage. The accelerated ageing test is one of the most frequently used tests to evaluate the physiological potential of seeds, however, accurate and adjusted procedures for this test are still missing for pigeon pea seeds. Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish the best combination of conditions to submit pigeon pea seeds to the accelerated ageing test. Five pigeon pea seed lots (cv. Mandarim) were subjected to germination (paper and sand substrate), vigour (first count of germination and emergence speed index) and seedling emergence in the field tests. For the accelerated ageing test procedure, seeds were placed uniformly in a single layer on a fine-mesh tray suspended over 40mL of water (traditional procedure) or saturated salt solution (40% of NaCl), being kept at 42 and 45 °C for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The results indicated that the traditional accelerated ageing method for pigeon pea seeds should be carried out using the combination of 24 hours and 42 °C with the seedlings evaluation after six days of germination. The accelerated aging test with saturated salt solution should be accomplished using the combinations of 48 hours and 42 °C, with seedlings evaluation after six days of germination and 24 hours and 45 °C with evaluation after four days of germination.
Pages 1298-1303 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Effect of temperature and light on germination behavior of PSII inhibiting herbicide resistant and susceptible junglerice (Echinochloa colona) populations
Elham Elahifard*, Sajad Mijani
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Khouzestan Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, P. O. Box: 3158777871, Iran
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, P. O. Box: 9177948974, Iran
Summary
Repeated use of triazine herbicides have resulted in evolution of triazine resistant junglerice (Echinochloa colona) populations in southwestern Iran. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to investigate the effect of temperature and light on germination of two triazine-resistant (R2 and R3) and one susceptible (S) junglerice populations. The germination response was evaluated at nine constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 ºC and two alternating temperature regimes of 20/10 and 30/20 ºC. For each population, the cumulative germination over time was modeled using a Weibull model. The three-piece segmented model was also used to describe the cardinal temperatures for the germination rate of junglerice populations. The R2 population was greatest germination in both temperature regimes. The time taken to reach 50% germination (t50) decreased with the increasing temperature in all populations.
Pages 1304-1310 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Physiological and anatomical behaviour of two contrasting maize hybrids grown at high density sowing
Claudia Travaglia*, Gabriel Espósito, Guillermo Balboa, Oscar Masciarelli, Julieta Fortuna, Paula Cardozo, Herminda Reinoso
Morfología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FísicoQuímicas y Naturales, Argentina
Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FísicoQuímicas y Naturales, Argentina
Producción de Cereales, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
Summary
This study evaluated the physiological and anatomical traits of two contrasting maize hybrids subjected to high density sowing in order to explain yield stability through yield component analysis and the relation between the grain yield capacities per plant according to individual growth. Experiment factors were two commercially important maize hybrids: DK190MGRR2 and DK670MG, which behave differently under stress, and two levels of plant density: 7 and 11 plant/m2 high and recommended density to favour the conditions of water stress respectively. The experiment was carried out in the west of Argentina under rainfed conditions and five replications. Physiological parameters (pigments and endogenous content of phytohormones, injury of cell membranes, yield components) and anatomical parameters (stomatal bevhaviour, foliar and peduncles anatomy, xylem and phloem area in vascular bundles) were analyzed. In this study, both maize hybrids showed a differential response to both sowing densities.
Pages 1311-1318 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Evaluation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars performance under drought stress
Ruhollah Naderi*, Yahya Emam
Department of Agroecology, Darab Agricultural College and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Iran
Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
Summary
To evaluate the drought tolerance of four rapeseed cultivars using drought indices, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Treatments consisted of four rapeseed cultivars (Hayola 401, Hayola 308, RGS and Option) and two water regimes: stress (50 % field capacity (FC)) and non-stress (well watered). Seven drought indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HARM), geometric mean productivity (GMP), and yield loss ratio (S) were calculated based on rapeseed yield under drought-stress and non-stress conditions. Significant positive correlations were found among rapeseed yield and several drought indices such as STI? GMP? MP and HARM under both stress and non-stress conditions, revealing these indices were fit to identify the drought tolerance of rapeseed cultivars.
Pages 1319-1323 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Evaluating the efficacy of Trichoderma spp and Bacillus substilis as biocontrol agents against Magnaporthe grisea in rice
Hamdia Ali, Kalaivani Nadarajah*
School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Summary
Rice blast causes yield losses to rice farmers worldwide. Although this problem is currently being addressed through the use of resistant rice varieties, fungicide and rotation farming, these methods alone do not form a durable, long lasting solution in mitigating disease. Here we obtained Trichoderma isolates from soil and tested their efficacy as biocontrol agents against Magnaporthe grisea. Twenty-two Trichoderma isolates were identified and used in dual culture assays to determine antagonistic ability before isolates showing promise were administered to rice plants grown in greenhouse conditions where the efficacy of these isolates was tested individually or as dual inoculums with Bacillus substilis UKM1. The results showed that the dual inoculation of biocontrol agents caused significant (p =0.05) inhibition of M. grisea as compared to a single agent.
Pages 1324-1335 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Estimation combining ability of some maize inbred lines using line × tester mating design under two nitrogen levels
Mohamed M. Kamara*, Ibrahim S. El-Degwy, Hiroyuki Koyama
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture 33516, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Summary
This study was conducted to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects of some maize inbred lines for grain yield and other agronomic traits by using line × tester analysis under two nitrogen fertilizer levels. Ten white maize inbred lines and three testers; SC10, SC122 and TWC310 were crossed in line × tester scheme in 2012 season. Thirty top crosses plus the two checks; SC128 and TWC324 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under two nitrogen fertilizer levels; 80 and 120 kg N/fed in 2013 season. Significant differences were noticed between the two nitrogen fertilizer levels for all the studied traits except ear diameter, indicating these traits were affected by nitrogen fertilizer levels. Mean squares of crosses (C) and their partitioning lines (L), testers (T) and line × tester (L × T) interaction were highly significant for all the studied traits under the two nitrogen levels as well as for the combined data. Significant interaction mean squares for C, L, T and L×T with nitrogen levels were detected for the most studied traits. The non-additive genetic variance was greater than the additive genetic variance in governing the inheritance of all studied traits except number of rows/ear and grain yield (ard/fed).
Pages 1336-1342 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data
...........................................................................................................................................................
Seedling growth of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) genotypes under different photosynthetic photon flux density
Lima Deleon Martins*, Tafarel Victor Colodetti, Sebastião Batista Brinate, Wagner Nunes Rodrigues, José Francisco Teixeira Amaral, Marcelo Antonio Tomaz, José Carlos Lopes, Bruno Galvêas Laviola
Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Post Office Box 16, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Post Office Box 16, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Agroenergia, Post Office Box 40.315, 70770-90, Brasília, DF, Brazil
Summary
The light has direct effects over the plant metabolism. The response of plants to light may change according to its presence and intensity, affecting the photosynthesis process and, consequently, their growth. Due to the lack of information about levels of irradiation that allow better growth of seedlings of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), this study was conducted aiming to study the influence of different intensities of photosynthetic photon flux over the growth of seedlings of six genotypes of physic nut. The experiment followed a factorial scheme 4x4, composed by four genotypes of physic nut (CNPAE-248, CNPAE-301, CNPAE-308 and CNPAE-144) and four levels of photosynthetic photon flux (759, 438, 330 and 174 µmol m-2 s-1), arranged in completely randomized design, with four replications and the experimental plot consisting of 12 seedlings. The variables of growth and accumulation of dry matter were significantly affected by the interaction between the effect of genotypic differences and levels of photosynthetic photon flux. According to the results, the genotype CNPAE-308 has higher vegetative growth under all irradiation levels. The seedling growth is stimulated with photosynthetic photon flux near 330 µmol m-2 s-1 (equivalent to 50% shading).
Pages 1343-1347 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Microwave heating for accelerated aging of paddy and white rice
Tuan Quoc Le, Sirichai Songsermpong*, Pinthip Rumpagaporn, Anawat Suwanagul, Sorada Wallapa
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
Agricultural Technology Department, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 Moo 3, Technopolis Klong 5, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120,Thailand
Summary
Microwave heating treatment (MWH) can be applied for accelerated rice aging. Two microwave powers (MWP) (1,000 and 2,000 W) and six exposure time (ET) (23, 26, 31, 41, 66, and 159 seconds) were applied to paddy (PD) and white rices (WR) of indica cultivar as potential accelerated rice aging agent. The newly harvested rice was sun dried to < 14% dry basis and then heated under MWH. The head rice yield (HRY), color and gel consistency were determined for microwave-treated and untreated sample (control). Furthermore, texture of cooked rice grains, pasting properties, and gel texture of rice paddy after optimum MWH (41 seconds) were further investigated. After 41 seconds of MWH treatment (by two levels of MWP), the head rice yield (HRY) of paddy (PD) decreased (36.76%), compared to the control sample, especially for higher MWP at 66 s (25%) and 159s (9.27%). The cooking time of white rice (WR) was also decreased while that of PD increased, compared to the control sample. The gel consistency was increased and variously changed depends to the form of rice and ET.
Pages 1348-1358 | Full Text PDF
Volume 8 Number 9 Year 2014
Genetic diversity of agro-morphological characters in Indian wheat varieties using GT biplot
Rekha Malik*, Hemani Sharma, Indu Sharma, Sushila Kundu, Ajay Verma, Sonia Sheoran, Rajendra Kumar and Ravish Chatrath
Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal-132001
Summary
This study examined the extent of agro-morphological variations in Indian wheat varieties and graphically displayed the interrelationships among them at phenotypic level. 258 wheat varieties developed in last fifty years (1961-2010) for six different agro-climatic wheat sowing regions of India were characterized for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) using 20 agro-morphological characters. DUS descriptors such as waxiness on plant parts, plant height and growth habit were identified as prominent morphological determinants for genetic diversity in Indian wheat.
Pages 1266-1271 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Flowering phenology and yield-related traits in an interspecific cross between Coffea pseudozanguebariae Bridson and C. canephora Pierre
Doffou Sélastique Akaffou*, Ibrahim Konate, Raoul Sylvère Sié, Valérie Poncet, Irié Arsène Zoro Bi, Jules Keli, Hyacinthe Legnate, Alexandre de Kochko, Serge Hamon and Perla Hamon
Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire
Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire
IRD, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique, 01 BP 1740 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire
Summary
Higher caffeine content and cup beverage bitterness considerably depreciated the commercial value of Coffea canephora Pierre (CAN) compared with C. arabica L (ARA). Wild caffeine-free species like C. pseudozanguebariae Bridson (PSE) offer the opportunity to produce new CAN varieties containing little or no caffeine. F1 plants resulting from a PSE × CAN cross, and BC1 individuals, derived from the first backcross generation (PSE × CAN) × CAN) were produced. In order to assess flowering phenology and yield traits in F1 and BC1 hybrids, six morphological characters including flowering time, pollen viability (PV), fructification rate (FR), seed set (SSET), flower number per node (NFN) and 100-bean weight (W100) were studied under environmental conditions in Côte d’Ivoire. The results showed that F1 plants flowered only in February while, for BC1, 20% and 80% of the plants flowered in January and February, respectively.
Pages 1272-1280 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Population structure and genetic diversity among Indian wheat varieties using microsatellite (SSR) markers
Apoorva Arora, Sushila Kundu, Neeraj Dilbaghi, Indu Sharma, Ratan Tiwari*
Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana132001, India;
Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana125004, India
Summary
Platform for improvement of crop plants is largely setup by the genetic variability studies. The current work was performed to assess the status of genetic diversity among 319 Indian wheat varieties so that they can be used effectively for future breeding practices. Out of 30 markers applied, 50 polymorphic fragments generated from16 polymorphic primers were selected for diversity studies. Jaccob’s similarity model and Bayesian analysis were performed using software package DARwin 5.0 and STRUCTURE 2.3.3 respectively. Grouping obtained from both the analysis were found to be consistent and was helpful in analyzing the distribution of genetic variability across different centres of wheat research in India. The total genetic diversity for all groups (Ht) was 0.38888 and within groups (Hs) was 0.3130 indicating less genetic variability among sub-populations (Gst=0.19).
Pages 1281-1289 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data
...........................................................................................................................................................
Storage potential of primed seeds of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and beet root (Beta vulgaris)
Nirmala Kuppusamy, Umarani Ranganathan*
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India
Summary
Seed priming increases the germination rate, uniformity and emergence under a broader range of environmental conditions besides improving seedling vigor and growth. However, reports on subsequent seed storage potential of primed seeds are more variable. Most of the studies reported have not compared the effects of different methods of priming on seed longevity. In the present study, the seeds of okra and beet root were subjected to four methods of priming , by including two durations viz., hydro priming (12, 24 h), sand matricpriming (60 % WHC; 3, 6 h), halo priming ( 3% NaCl; 12,24 h) and osmopriming (PEG,24 h) two osmotic levels (-1 and -1.5 Mpa ). In okra, among the priming methods, hydro priming (both 12 and 24 h) was detrimental to seed quality both initially and over six months of storage. Besides, longer durations of sand matricpriming (60 % WHC; 6 h) and halo priming ( 3% NaCl; 24 h) were found to be inferior to shorter duration counterparts, as they showed 10 and 15 per cent reduction in initial germination, respectively.
Pages 1290-1297 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Accelerated ageing test for vigour assessment of pigeon pea Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. seeds
Mauricio Feis Ganz Sanches*, Juliana Faria dos Santos, Cibele Chalita Martins, Francisco Humberto Dübbern de Souza, Roberval Daiton Vieira
UNESP - São Paulo State University, Department of Plant Production, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Summary
Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is widely cultivated in tropical areas of the world and it is used as a green manure and forage. The accelerated ageing test is one of the most frequently used tests to evaluate the physiological potential of seeds, however, accurate and adjusted procedures for this test are still missing for pigeon pea seeds. Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish the best combination of conditions to submit pigeon pea seeds to the accelerated ageing test. Five pigeon pea seed lots (cv. Mandarim) were subjected to germination (paper and sand substrate), vigour (first count of germination and emergence speed index) and seedling emergence in the field tests. For the accelerated ageing test procedure, seeds were placed uniformly in a single layer on a fine-mesh tray suspended over 40mL of water (traditional procedure) or saturated salt solution (40% of NaCl), being kept at 42 and 45 °C for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The results indicated that the traditional accelerated ageing method for pigeon pea seeds should be carried out using the combination of 24 hours and 42 °C with the seedlings evaluation after six days of germination. The accelerated aging test with saturated salt solution should be accomplished using the combinations of 48 hours and 42 °C, with seedlings evaluation after six days of germination and 24 hours and 45 °C with evaluation after four days of germination.
Pages 1298-1303 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Effect of temperature and light on germination behavior of PSII inhibiting herbicide resistant and susceptible junglerice (Echinochloa colona) populations
Elham Elahifard*, Sajad Mijani
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Khouzestan Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, P. O. Box: 3158777871, Iran
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, P. O. Box: 9177948974, Iran
Summary
Repeated use of triazine herbicides have resulted in evolution of triazine resistant junglerice (Echinochloa colona) populations in southwestern Iran. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to investigate the effect of temperature and light on germination of two triazine-resistant (R2 and R3) and one susceptible (S) junglerice populations. The germination response was evaluated at nine constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 ºC and two alternating temperature regimes of 20/10 and 30/20 ºC. For each population, the cumulative germination over time was modeled using a Weibull model. The three-piece segmented model was also used to describe the cardinal temperatures for the germination rate of junglerice populations. The R2 population was greatest germination in both temperature regimes. The time taken to reach 50% germination (t50) decreased with the increasing temperature in all populations.
Pages 1304-1310 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Physiological and anatomical behaviour of two contrasting maize hybrids grown at high density sowing
Claudia Travaglia*, Gabriel Espósito, Guillermo Balboa, Oscar Masciarelli, Julieta Fortuna, Paula Cardozo, Herminda Reinoso
Morfología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FísicoQuímicas y Naturales, Argentina
Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FísicoQuímicas y Naturales, Argentina
Producción de Cereales, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Campus Universitario, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
Summary
This study evaluated the physiological and anatomical traits of two contrasting maize hybrids subjected to high density sowing in order to explain yield stability through yield component analysis and the relation between the grain yield capacities per plant according to individual growth. Experiment factors were two commercially important maize hybrids: DK190MGRR2 and DK670MG, which behave differently under stress, and two levels of plant density: 7 and 11 plant/m2 high and recommended density to favour the conditions of water stress respectively. The experiment was carried out in the west of Argentina under rainfed conditions and five replications. Physiological parameters (pigments and endogenous content of phytohormones, injury of cell membranes, yield components) and anatomical parameters (stomatal bevhaviour, foliar and peduncles anatomy, xylem and phloem area in vascular bundles) were analyzed. In this study, both maize hybrids showed a differential response to both sowing densities.
Pages 1311-1318 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Evaluation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars performance under drought stress
Ruhollah Naderi*, Yahya Emam
Department of Agroecology, Darab Agricultural College and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Iran
Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran
Summary
To evaluate the drought tolerance of four rapeseed cultivars using drought indices, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Treatments consisted of four rapeseed cultivars (Hayola 401, Hayola 308, RGS and Option) and two water regimes: stress (50 % field capacity (FC)) and non-stress (well watered). Seven drought indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HARM), geometric mean productivity (GMP), and yield loss ratio (S) were calculated based on rapeseed yield under drought-stress and non-stress conditions. Significant positive correlations were found among rapeseed yield and several drought indices such as STI? GMP? MP and HARM under both stress and non-stress conditions, revealing these indices were fit to identify the drought tolerance of rapeseed cultivars.
Pages 1319-1323 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Evaluating the efficacy of Trichoderma spp and Bacillus substilis as biocontrol agents against Magnaporthe grisea in rice
Hamdia Ali, Kalaivani Nadarajah*
School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Summary
Rice blast causes yield losses to rice farmers worldwide. Although this problem is currently being addressed through the use of resistant rice varieties, fungicide and rotation farming, these methods alone do not form a durable, long lasting solution in mitigating disease. Here we obtained Trichoderma isolates from soil and tested their efficacy as biocontrol agents against Magnaporthe grisea. Twenty-two Trichoderma isolates were identified and used in dual culture assays to determine antagonistic ability before isolates showing promise were administered to rice plants grown in greenhouse conditions where the efficacy of these isolates was tested individually or as dual inoculums with Bacillus substilis UKM1. The results showed that the dual inoculation of biocontrol agents caused significant (p =0.05) inhibition of M. grisea as compared to a single agent.
Pages 1324-1335 | Full Text PDF
...........................................................................................................................................................
Estimation combining ability of some maize inbred lines using line × tester mating design under two nitrogen levels
Mohamed M. Kamara*, Ibrahim S. El-Degwy, Hiroyuki Koyama
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture 33516, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Summary
This study was conducted to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects of some maize inbred lines for grain yield and other agronomic traits by using line × tester analysis under two nitrogen fertilizer levels. Ten white maize inbred lines and three testers; SC10, SC122 and TWC310 were crossed in line × tester scheme in 2012 season. Thirty top crosses plus the two checks; SC128 and TWC324 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under two nitrogen fertilizer levels; 80 and 120 kg N/fed in 2013 season. Significant differences were noticed between the two nitrogen fertilizer levels for all the studied traits except ear diameter, indicating these traits were affected by nitrogen fertilizer levels. Mean squares of crosses (C) and their partitioning lines (L), testers (T) and line × tester (L × T) interaction were highly significant for all the studied traits under the two nitrogen levels as well as for the combined data. Significant interaction mean squares for C, L, T and L×T with nitrogen levels were detected for the most studied traits. The non-additive genetic variance was greater than the additive genetic variance in governing the inheritance of all studied traits except number of rows/ear and grain yield (ard/fed).
Pages 1336-1342 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data
...........................................................................................................................................................
Seedling growth of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) genotypes under different photosynthetic photon flux density
Lima Deleon Martins*, Tafarel Victor Colodetti, Sebastião Batista Brinate, Wagner Nunes Rodrigues, José Francisco Teixeira Amaral, Marcelo Antonio Tomaz, José Carlos Lopes, Bruno Galvêas Laviola
Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Post Office Box 16, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Post Office Box 16, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Agroenergia, Post Office Box 40.315, 70770-90, Brasília, DF, Brazil
Summary
The light has direct effects over the plant metabolism. The response of plants to light may change according to its presence and intensity, affecting the photosynthesis process and, consequently, their growth. Due to the lack of information about levels of irradiation that allow better growth of seedlings of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), this study was conducted aiming to study the influence of different intensities of photosynthetic photon flux over the growth of seedlings of six genotypes of physic nut. The experiment followed a factorial scheme 4x4, composed by four genotypes of physic nut (CNPAE-248, CNPAE-301, CNPAE-308 and CNPAE-144) and four levels of photosynthetic photon flux (759, 438, 330 and 174 µmol m-2 s-1), arranged in completely randomized design, with four replications and the experimental plot consisting of 12 seedlings. The variables of growth and accumulation of dry matter were significantly affected by the interaction between the effect of genotypic differences and levels of photosynthetic photon flux. According to the results, the genotype CNPAE-308 has higher vegetative growth under all irradiation levels. The seedling growth is stimulated with photosynthetic photon flux near 330 µmol m-2 s-1 (equivalent to 50% shading).
Pages 1343-1347 | Full Text PDF
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Microwave heating for accelerated aging of paddy and white rice
Tuan Quoc Le, Sirichai Songsermpong*, Pinthip Rumpagaporn, Anawat Suwanagul, Sorada Wallapa
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
Agricultural Technology Department, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 Moo 3, Technopolis Klong 5, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120,Thailand
Summary
Microwave heating treatment (MWH) can be applied for accelerated rice aging. Two microwave powers (MWP) (1,000 and 2,000 W) and six exposure time (ET) (23, 26, 31, 41, 66, and 159 seconds) were applied to paddy (PD) and white rices (WR) of indica cultivar as potential accelerated rice aging agent. The newly harvested rice was sun dried to < 14% dry basis and then heated under MWH. The head rice yield (HRY), color and gel consistency were determined for microwave-treated and untreated sample (control). Furthermore, texture of cooked rice grains, pasting properties, and gel texture of rice paddy after optimum MWH (41 seconds) were further investigated. After 41 seconds of MWH treatment (by two levels of MWP), the head rice yield (HRY) of paddy (PD) decreased (36.76%), compared to the control sample, especially for higher MWP at 66 s (25%) and 159s (9.27%). The cooking time of white rice (WR) was also decreased while that of PD increased, compared to the control sample. The gel consistency was increased and variously changed depends to the form of rice and ET.
Pages 1348-1358 | Full Text PDF
