Australian Journal of Crop Science   AJCS

October 2022 | 16(10):2022 | 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.10


Oat productivity by root and foliar nitrogen uptake in cropping systems

Luana Henrichsen, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, Natiane Carolina Ferrari Basso, Juliana Fachinetto, Christiane de Fátima Colet, Ivan Ricardo Carvalo, Jaqueline Sgarbosa, Jéssica Ellen Lima Dias, Matheus Guilherme Libardoni Meotti, Karin Coppetti, Cristhian Milbradt Babeski, Willyan Júnior Adorian Bandeira

Regional University of the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil


Abstract
Urea is the standard source of nitrogen for plants, yet it is very unstable, causing losses and environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to validate the technology of spraying liquid source N-Top® of nitrogen for foliar uptake, considering the main oat crops systems in southern Brazil under different agricultural year conditions. The study was developed in 2016, 2017, and 2018, in the city of Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, in system soybean/oat and maize/oat. In each system, two experiments were conducted, one for quantifying the biomass rate and the other for the estimation of grain yield. In the four experiments, the design of the randomized block was used with four repetitions in factorial 2×4, for 2 nitrogen sources (liquid and urea) with 4 doses of the nutrient (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha-1), respectively. The urea source with 45% of nitrogen for root absorption and the liquid with 28% (N-Top®), via foliar absorption, were applied at the phenological stage of the fourth expanded leaf. In corn/oat system, increasing the dose of nitrogen from urea and liquid sources promotes linear behavior in the expression of grain yield, with similar values of angular coefficient. In the soybean/oat system in the average of the agricultural years, the dose of 78 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, promotes grain yield around 3000 kg ha-1, regardless of the nutrient source. N-top® liquid source nitrogen validation is confirmed, however the acquisition cost may make the recommendation unfeasible.

Pages 1144-1151 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.10.p3634
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Thermal amplitude of the air influences the emergence and vigor of seedlings of sour passion fruit

Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto*, Edinete Nunes de Melo, Jussara Cristina Firmino da Costa, João Paulo Gava Cremasco, Maria Helena Menezes Cordeiro, Lucas Soares Rodrigues, Jackson Teixeira Lobo, Ana Paula Pereira do Nascimento, Expedito Cavalcante do Nascimento Neto, Francisco de Oliveira Mesquira, Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos

Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba State, Brazil
Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul, Naviraí, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil
State University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso State, Tangará da Serra, Brazil
National Institute of the Semiarid, Campina Grande, Brazil


Abstract
The sour passion fruit is an allogamous species which presents high genetic variability. It is being propagated commercially via seeds. The propagation of species through seeds can be affected by several factors such as the thermal amplitude throughout the day during the germination and the genetic characteristics of the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination and vigor of seedlings of genotypes of sour passion fruit under different thermal amplitudes of the air. The experiment was conducted in a germination chamber. The factorial scheme was 5 × 3, referring to the five thermal amplitudes of the air (25.0; 22.5-27.5; 20.0-30.0; 17.5-32.5 and 15.0-35.0 ° C) and three genotypes of sour passion fruit (BRS SC1, BRS GA1 and FB-200) in a completely randomized design with six replicates of 25 seeds per plot. The variables analyzed were percentage of velocity index, mean time of emergence, total length, shoot and root and dry mass of seedlings. The thermal amplitude close to 20.0-30.0 °C favored the emergence and vigor of sour passion fruit genotypes. The germination process and the biometric growth of the passion fruit seedlings are adversely affected in high thermal air amplitudes.

Pages 1152-1158 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.10.p3641
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Potential of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars under different water regimes for some agronomic performances, juice yield and related traits

Darika Bunphan*, Ruchuon Wanna, Arthika Pholnuan, Goitseone Malambane

Department of Agricultural Technology Faculty of Technology Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
Resource Management in Agricultural Technology Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham Thailand, 44150


Abstract
Continued evaluation for drought tolerance on crop with high potential is an important factor in mitigating the effects of climate change and in the long run secures enough food and alleviates world hunger. Sweet sorghum is one of the multifunctional crops which has shown potential as food, industrial and bioenergy source, thus it is important to study its potential under various conditions. A pot study was conducted in early rainy season (March-August 2020), the experiment was arranged 3 × 2 factorial in RCBD with four replications. Factor A was 3 water regimes (FC, 2/3AW and 1/3AW), factor B was two sweet sorghum cultivars [cv. Suwan Sweet Extra (Thai sweet sorghum) and SSV74 (imported from India)]. The results revealed that significant differences were not observed among water regimes in most traits i.e. plant height, stalk diameter, relative water content (RWC), stalk fresh weight and juice yield in harvesting day. This could suggest that sweet sorghum will perform well in any moisture condition, most importantly in lesser moisture environments. Significant differences were observed among sweet sorghum cultivars in several traits i.e. spad chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), chlorophyll content, brix value, root dry weight, juice yield and R/S ration at harvesting day. Relationship among traits were also observed but the most interesting results was where we found juice yield having negative correlation to brix value (r=-0.736***) and another no correlation was observed between stalk weight and juice.

Pages 1159-1169 | Full Text PDF| 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.10.p3643

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Phenotypic polymorphism of leaves among the populations of Moroccan chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Ihssane Toujgani, Salama El Fatehi, Mohammed Ater, Younes Hmimsa*

Department of Life Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Abdelmalek Essaadi University (FPL-UAE), B.P. 745 Larache, 92030, Morocco
Bio-Agrodiversity Team, Laboratory of Applied Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University (FS-UAE), B.P. 2121, Tetouan, 93002, Morocco

Abstract
Moroccan chestnut populations cover a small area in northern Morocco. They occupy great environmental and socio-economic interests. Nonetheless, such interests remained unvalued and little studied. This study aims to characterize and assess phenotypic similarities (or disparities) among the Moroccan populations of C. sativa via univariate and multivariate analyses of leaves traits. The experiments involved 6200 leaves from 31 populations, 10 trees per population, and 20 leaves per tree. Six morphometric parameters [blade area (S), perimeter (P), lamina length (LL), lamina width (LW), distance between the base and largest width (DBW), petiole length (PL)] and four ratios [LL/LW, LL/LP, LL/DBW, DBW/LP] were analyzed. Analysis of descriptive statistics within and between populations showed large variations among the studied parameters. This trend was supported as well by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) which revealed a highly significant differences (P <0.0001). Furthermore, the statistical analysis revealed a high phenotypic plasticity. The correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between most of the studied parameters. The principal component analysis (PCA) assigned the studied populations into two groups. We conclude that the studied parameters have great potential to determine the phenotypic polymorphism of C. sativa populations.

Pages 1170-1176 | Full Text PDF| Supplementary Data PDF| 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.10.p3649

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Evaluation of the use of alternative control methods of coffee tree diseases in the tropical Amazon


Ruan Sobreira de Queiroz, Juliana Formiga Botelho, José Cezar Frozzi, Marcelo Rodrigues dos Anjos, Marcos André Braz Vaz, Ezequiel Soares da Silva, Moisés Santos de Souza

Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Extensão, PIBEX/UFAM, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Laboratório de Fitossanidade, IEAA/UFAM, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Biologia e Química, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Agronomia, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil


Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of alternative products on the control of coffee brown-eye spot and coffee rust. The experiment was carried out in two conilon coffee plantations, in the following agroforestry system models: a) continuous system (SM-1) and b) mixed system (SC-2). The following treatments were used: i) aqueous plant extract of Himatanthus sucuuba (2%) - SUC, ii) Bordeaux mixture (2%) - CB and iii) control (water). Four monthly samplings of the temporal progress of the diseases were carried out, during the period from October/2019 to January/2020, evaluating the symptoms in three leaves per plant, one from each of the upper, middle and lower thirds of the plant. Incidence percentages were determined according to the number of leaves with symptoms in relation to the total number of leaves sampled. In order to estimate severity, diagrammatic scales were used for each disease evaluated. The obtained data were submitted to routine statistical analysis in R programming with a significance of 5%. Interaction effects were not significant according to the ANOVA test. Significant differences were observed among the treatments studied for the two diseases with the following results: percent reduction of rust incidence: (SUC - 50%, CB - 80% and TEST - 95%) and percent reduction of brown-eye spot: (SUC - 30%, CB - 60 % and TEST - 80%). SUC treatment was more effective in reducing disease severity with the following results: (SUC - 0.26%, CB - 0.40% and TEST - 0.83%) and (SUC - 0.35%, CB - 0.41% and TEST - 0.99%) for rust and brown-eye spot diseases, respectively. The treatment (SUC) proved to be a promising alternative product for the management of brown-eye spot and rust diseases.

Pages 1177-1184 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.10.p3668
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Microwave drying of sweet potato: Drying kinetics and energetic analysis

João Renato de Jesus Junqueira*, Jefferson Luiz Gomes Corrêa, Irineu Petri Junior, Isabella Pereira Gatti, Kamilla Soares de Mendonça

Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS – Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition/FACFAN - Cx. P. 549. Cidade Universitária. CEP: 79070-900. Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
Federal University of Lavras/UFLA – Food Science Department/DCA - Cx. P. 3037 - CEP: 37200-900 - Lavras, MG, Brazil.
Federal University of Lavras/UFLA – Engineering Department/DEG - Cx. P. 3037 - CEP: 37200-900 - Lavras, MG, Brazil
Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS – Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition/FACFAN - Cx. P. 549. Cidade Universitária. CEP: 79070-900. Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais, Agrarian Science Department/DCA, Campus Bambuí. Fazenda Varginha - 38900-000 - Bambuí, MG., Brazil


Abstract
The shelf life of the sweet potato is short due to its high water activity. Therefore, preservative techniques are mandatory. In this sense, the effects of osmotic dehydration (OD) as pretreatment, two different osmotic agents (OA), sucrose and sorbitol, and microwave power density (PD) on the drying kinetics of sweet potato slices (SPS) were studied. The SPS were immersed (pretreated) or not (untreated) in an osmotic solution at aw = 0.900. The samples were placed in the microwave and the drying proceeded until the moisture content was 0.20 ± 0.02 kg water/kg. The results showed that drying time, effective diffusivity, and specific energy consumption (SEC) increased with both increasing the microwave PD and employing OD. The effective diffusivity and SEC ranged from 5.701 × 10-10 to 5.218 × 10-9 m2/s and from 7.702 MJ/kgwater to 15.608 MJ/kgwater, respectively. An adapted model was achieved for describing the drying behavior and presented suitable adjustments. According to the results, 10W/g - sucrose must be selected for drying SPS. Drying time, SEC and η at this level were 480 s, 7.702 MJ/kgwater and 29.30%, respectively.

Pages 1185-1192 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.10.p3673
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Spatial variability of the productive capacity of teak (Tectona grandis Linn F.) plantations in the eastern Amazonia

Mario Lima dos Santos*, Eder Pereira Miguel, José Natalino Macedo Silva, Cassio Rafael Costa dos Santos, Michael Douglas Roque Lima, Beatriz Cordeiro Costa, Luiz Rodolfo Reis Costa, Walmer Bruno Rocha Martins, Dione Dambrós Raddatz, Rossana Cortelini da Rosa, Luiz Fernandes Silva Dionisio, Maria de Nazaré Martins Maciel, Hallefy Júnio de Souza

University of Brasilia, Department of Forest Engineering, University Campus Darcy Ribeiro W/N, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
Federal Rural University of Amazon, Capitão Poço Campus, Pau Amarelo Street, W/N, 68650-000 Vila Nova, Capitão Poço, PA, Brazil
Federal University of Lavras, Department of Forest Engineering, Professor Edmir Sá Santos Square, W/N, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
Federal Rural University of Amazon, Belém Campus, Presidente Tancredo Neves Avenue 2501, 66.077-830, Terra Firme, Belém, PA, Brazil
State University of Pará, Department of Forest Engineering, Tv. Enéas Pinheiro 2626, 66095-015 Belém, PA, Brazil


Abstract
Application of geostatistics in mapping the productive capacity of forest stands is an important tool to guide decision making regarding precision silviculture. In this study, we investigated the productive capacity of teak clonal plantations and its spatial dependence, making the site mapping possible. We also investigated the influence of soil chemical attributes on productive potential. We used dominant height, age and geographic coordinates data from plots during five evaluations in clonal teak plantations of different ages. We performed the classification of the forest sites by the guide-curve method. The principal components analysis was used to group the forest stands according to soil chemical attributes (available P and exchangeable K, Na and Mg). The spatial variability analysis of productive capacity was carried out through geoestatistics. The results show that the productive capacity has spatial dependence. The exponential model has provided the best estimates of dominant height, revealing that 69.2% of the mapped area was from medium and 30.8% from high productive capacity. The multivariate analysis showed that soil fertility has influenced the productive capacity, discerning the most productive sites, in agreement with the soil quality. The geostatistical technique was efficient to estimate the productive capacity in unsampled areas, revealing sites with different productive potentials and their response to edaphic factors. This may assist in the efficient management of planting, when establishing silvicultural actions in specific locations, which are identified in the planted area maps, reducing the management costs.

Pages 1193-1202 | Full Text PDF| doi: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.10.p3675