Volume 8 Issue 10 | October 2014 issue
Table of Contents
8(10) 2014
8(10) 2014
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2014
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | October 2014
Volume 8 Number 10 Year 2014
Nutrient uptake, pH changes and yield of rice under slow release sulfur-coated urea fertilizers
Fazlina Nur Binti Said, Mohamad Khanif Yusop*, Fateh Chand Oad
Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Summary
Different coated fertilizers such as wax sulfur coated urea (WSCU), polymer coated sulfur coated urea (PCSCU), and uncoated fertilizers [urea, urea + sulfur (6% and 17%)] were applied on rice crop @ 60 and 120 N kg ha-1 as basal and split doses, respectively. The yield components of rice, nitrogen and sulfur concentration and their uptake in grain improved through the application of urea coated polymer and wax fertilizers. These fertilizers had significant effect on soil content such as sulfur and nitrogen mainly due to increasing the soil pH. The results show that sulfur coated and slow release fertilizers are beneficial during the rice growing season as well as next season crop.
Pages 1359-1366 | Full Text PDF
..
Presence of proline in salinized nutrient solution re-enforces the role of this amino acid in osmoregulation and protects lipid membrane peroxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Inθs Slama, Kilani Ben Rejeb, Aida Rouached, Asma Jdey, Mokded Rabhi, Ons Talbi, Ahmed Debez, Arnould Savourι, Chedly Abdelly
Laboratoire des Plantes Extrκmophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj Cιdria, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
Unitι de Physiologie Cellulaire et Molιculaire des Plantes, UR5 EAC7180 CNRS, Universitι Pierre & Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
Summary
Very little is known about the effect of proline addition on the accumulation of inorganic solutes (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) and soluble sugars in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 10 mM proline (P) supply in the culture medium on water status and solute accumulation of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings exposed to 50 mM NaCl (S). Leaf potassium concentration was reduced by 15, 21 and 25% in P, S and P+S plants respectively, as compared to the control. When compared to S or P treatments, leaf proline and soluble sugar were more accumulated under P+S treatment. Under saline conditions, exogenous proline increased leaf Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations by 27, 281 and 252%, respectively, as compared to the control. Interestingly, proline addition mitigated significantly the deleterious effects of salt on lipid membrane peroxidation.
Pages 1367-1372 | Full Text PDF
..
Tissue architecture changes of expanding barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf under salt stress
Ehsan Bijanzadeh*, Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini
Deperment of Plant Production, Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran
Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Summary
The leaf cross-sectional area of barley during its development may reduce under salt stress due to architectural changes of leaves. To investigate the effects of salt stress on tissue architecture of barley leaf, a laboratory experiment was conducted hydroponically. Eight seedlings of barley plants were compared at two concentrations of NaCl (0 and 150 mM NaCl) in a completely randomized design in four replications. Under salt stress, mean leaf length of third leaf decreased 32% compared to control 14 days after germination (DAG). The highest elongation rate obtained at 14 and 15 DAG in control and salt stress, respectively. At 25 mm above the leaf base, 33% reduction in cross sectional area was observed under salt stress.
Pages 1373-1379 | Full Text PDF
..
Effect of cold storage on enzyme activity and postharvest conservation of tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) leaves
Cristina Soares de Souza*, Fernando Luiz Finger, Vicente Wagner Dias Casali, Paulo Roberto Cecon
Federal University of Viηosa (UFV), Department of Plant Science, 36570-000, Viηosa, MG, Brazil
Federal University of Viηosa (UFV), Department of Statistics, 36570-000, Viηosa, MG, Brazil
Summary
This study aimed to evaluate the cold tolerance of two contrasting genotypes of tannia leaves, an edible and an ornamental variety, on oxidative enzymes, accumulation of phenolic compounds and postharvest metabolism of carbohydrates. To simulate shipping storage conditions, fresh leaves were stored at 5 and 10 ΊC, relative humidity of 68 ± 5%, wrapped with non-perforated low density polyethylene bag in cardboard boxes and stored for 20 days. The cold storage did not stimulate peroxidase activity in either genotype. The results indicate that during cold storage, the genotypes showed no symptoms of chilling, without any visual sign of browning caused by the low temperature, nevertheless shorter conservation of leaves occurred at storage of 5 ΊC, indicating some chilling injury sensitivity.
Pages 1380-1387 | Full Text PDF
..
Investigating the genetic diversity of plane (Platanus orientalis and P. occidentalis) in different regions of Iran using SRAP markers
Milad Orojloo, Nematollah Etemadi, Majid Talebi*, Sedigheh Rezai
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Summary
Genetic diversity among 76 Platanus orientalis and three P. occidentalis genotypes from six distinct geographical regions of Iran was investigated using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Thirteen SRAP primer combinations (PCs) amplified 237 fragments, of which 61 were polymorphic. Average PIC value over all PCs was 0.153. UPGMA dendrogram, based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient (r = 0.995), grouped the genotypes into two main clusters according to species and regardless of the regions. It can be concluded that the SRAP marker is an effective tools for the assessment of genetic diversity among Platanus species and low genetic variation within P. orientalis may be related to the propagation method.
Pages 1388-1394 | Full Text PDF
..
The anti-angiogenic activity of Artemisia herba-albas essential oil and its relation with the harvest period
Ichrak Jaouadi*, Ayse Tansu Koparal, Rakibe Beklem Bostancioglu, Mbarka Tej Yakoubi, Mohamed El Gazzah
EL Manar University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Weather Change Laboratory, Tunis- Tunisia, 2092
Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Eskisehir-TURKEY, 26470
Summary
Artemisia herba-alba is widely used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes, bronchitis, diarrhoea, hypertension and neuralgias. The aim of this study is to investigate the essential oil extracted from the aerial part of this plant and at two different harvest periods (May and December 2012) to evaluate a possible cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic activity. At first the Artemisia herba-alba essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Then the HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were treated with various concentrations of essential oil (10, 20, 40 and 80 ΅l). We have noted a chemical variation of the essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of Artemisia Herba-alba in relation to seasonal changes. The essential oils extracted from the plants collected in May (seeds stage) and those of December (floral stage) showed a dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on cell viability.
Pages 1395-1401 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
..
Influence of different sowing date and planting pattern and N rate on buckwheat yield and its quality
Mohammad Reza Sobhani, Gulahmad Rahmikhdoev, Dariush Mazaheri, Majid Majidian
College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, 38135-567, Arak, Iran
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Tajikistan, Doshanbe, Tajikistan
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Summary
A field trial was conducted to determine its effect in detail regarding sowing date, planting pattern and N rate. Results showed that the interaction of planting date, N rate and planting pattern significant for all the studied properties so that The highest yield of 2457 kg ha-1, starch content (%) as 51.69%, protein content (%) as 15.24% and leaf, stem and flower rutine content (%) as 1.01, 0.32 and 1.36% and third and fourth sowing dates, 100kg nitrogen and planting pattern P2 can be generally suitable for the qualitative and quantitative yield and accumulation of rutin.
Pages 1402-1414 | Full Text PDF
..
Effect of polymer seed coating and seed dressing with pesticides on seed quality and storability of hybrid cucumber
Tidarat Keawkham, Boonmee Siri*, Russell K. Hynes
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
Summary
The purpose of this study was to compare hybrid cucumber seed germination and germination index of polymer (hydroxypropyl methycellulose) coated seed to seed dressing with pesticides, metalaxyl and imidacloprid. Seed germination tests were conducted under laboratory (25 °C) and greenhouse conditions (35 °C) immediately, following accelerated seed aging (42 °C, about 100% RH) and seed storage under controlled (15 °C, 40% RH) and ambient (25°C,75% RH) conditions. Seed germination values immediately following treatment were not significantly different (P=0.05) and varied from 85 to 95% in the laboratory and greenhouse. The seed germination of polymer coated seed stored under ambient conditions for 8 months decreased 58 and 46%, as compared to 13 and 11% for seed dressed treatments tested in the laboratory and greenhouse, respectively. This study indicated that polymer seed coating of hybrid cucumber was not compatible with seed viability following storage at 25 °C, 75% RH.
Pages 1415-1420 | Full Text PDF
..
Sequence evidence for intergeneric DNA introgression from Haynaldia villosa 6VS chromosome into wheat near-isogenic lines
Xiaoying Liu, Baoli Fan, Zhenying Wang*, Shinan Sun, Yongkang Peng, Chen Dang, Chaojie Xie, Zhiyong Liu
College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P.R. China
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
Summary
Powdery mildew-resistant gene 21 (Pm21), located on the short arm of chromosome 6V of Haynaldia villosa (H. villosa), is typically a representative element which is transferred to hexaploid wheat through introgressive hybridization. Determination of sequence evidence for H. villosa DNA introgression would help trace Pm21 in breeding wheat that are resistant to powdery mildew. In this study, we generated a wheat near-isogenic line (NIL) that was resistant to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) by using the wheat cultivar, Jing411, as the recurrent parent and the wheat-H. villosa chromosome translocation line, T6VS.6AL, as the donor parent of the Bgt resistance gene. The results indicated that EACG/M14-301 might be a sequence evidence for intergeneric DNA introgression from H. villosa into common wheat. Our work will contribute to future investigations into wheat resistance breeding.
Pages 1421-1427 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
..
Suppressive effect of some microbial agents on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica infected eggplant
Asmaa Abdelhamid Mokbel*, Asmaa Ahmed Alharbi
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Summary
Search for novel, environmental friendly alternatives to manage Meloidogyne populations are needed to solve the problem. The effectiveness of different bacterial and fungal genera against M. javanica on eggplant was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Treatments with Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Serratia marcescens each alone or in a mixture caused 50.5-90.3% inhibition on M. javanica egg-hatch and 2nd stage juveniles (J2) activity and showed 56.5-86.8% reduction in the number of nematode root galls, egg-masses/root system, number of J2/250 cc soil and 50.9-73.7% increase in the root and shoot dry weights of eggplant. This study can help growers to develop new biocontrol agents, to suppress root-knot nematode populations under field conditions.
Pages 1428-1434 | Full Text PDF
..
GGE biplot analysis on the performance of wheat genotype for hectolitre weight and mega environments identification in north western Ethiopia
Habtamu Ayalew*, Landuber Wondale , Amlaku Teshager
Debre Markos University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Horticulture, P.O.Box 269, Debere Markos, Ethiopia
Adet Agricultural Research Centre P.O. Box 08 Adet, Ethiopia
School of Plant Biology, and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
Summary
The present study was conducted in north western Ethiopia across six test locations during the 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons to study the nature of GEI on hectolitre weight of bread wheat and to classify environments based on the performance of genotypes. A total of 12 advanced bread wheat lines along with standard and local checks were tested and data were analysed on hectolitre weight. Both the main effects of genotypes and environments, and their interaction significantly (P=0.01) contributed for the observed phenotype. The environment explained 46.6 % of the total variation while GEI and genotype explained 15.6% and 10%, respectively.
Pages 1435-1440 | Full Text PDF
..
An augmented additive-dominance (AD) model for analysis of multi-parental spring wheat F2 hybrids
Krishna D. Bondalapati, Jixiang Wu*, Karl D. Glover
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
Summary
Many plant breeding trials often include a large number of genotypes with possibly no repeated field plots. Ineffective control of field variation could result in an inflated residual variance and/or biased estimation/prediction of genetic effects. Three hundred thirty seven (337) multi-parental spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F2 hybrids were grown in two locations in South Dakota without repeated field plots in 2009. Two agronomic traits (grain yield and plant height) were measured. An augmented additive-dominance (AD) model including a sub-block component was proposed for analyzing the data. This augmented AD model was first investigated by simulated data followed by actual data analysis. Simulation results showed that the augmented AD models yielded unbiased estimates with and without presence of sub-block effect. This augmented AD model can reduce the impact of field variation on estimation and/or prediction of genetic effects.
Pages 1441-1447 | Full Text PDF
..
Agronomic capability of mechanized sugarcane planting
Murilo Aparecido Voltarelli*, Rouverson Pereira da Silva, Cristiano Zerbato, Vicente Filho Alves Silva, Fαbio Alexandre Cavichioli
UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Sγo Paulo, Brazil
Summary
The goal of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of mechanised sugarcane planting in two operation shifts using statistical process control. The experimental design was completely randomised with a total of 80 sampling points (replicates), 40 replicates for daytime operation and 40 replicates for night-time operation. The results showed that the operational quality of mechanised sugarcane planting varied between the day and night shifts. The total number of shoots m-1 exhibited higher variability for the night than for the day shift. All analysed quality indicators of mechanised sugarcane planting were considered not capable (Cp and Pp < 1.33) of meeting the established targets for the day shift, regardless of the process stability.
Pages 1448-1460 | Full Text PDF
..
Soil hydric excess and soybean yield and development in Brazil
Amauri Nelson Beutler*, Robson Giacomeli, Cleber Maus Alberto, Vanessa Neumann Silva, Gentil Felix da Silva Neto, Geter Alves Machado, Amanda Thirza Lima Santos
Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sα Brito, s/n, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui (RS), Brazil
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil
Summary
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of hydric excess by flooding on the soybean growth and yield of the cultivar BMX Potκncia RR. The experimental design used was randomization, with six treatments and five replications consisting of pots of 7.5 L (6.0 dm³ soil per pot), consisting of two experiments: hydric excess at the flowering stage (R2); and hydric excess at the beginning of the grain-filling stage (R5). The results showed that the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, height of insertion of the first pod, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and number of grains per plant were not altered by the soil flooding up to 32 days. It was determined that the mass of a thousand grains and soybean grains yielded decreased gradually with an increase in the number of days of flooding, in stages R2 and R5, with grain yield reduction of 17% and 29%, after 16 days, and 41% and 36% after 32 days of flooding.
Pages 1461-1466 | Full Text PDF
Volume 8 Number 10 Year 2014
Nutrient uptake, pH changes and yield of rice under slow release sulfur-coated urea fertilizers
Fazlina Nur Binti Said, Mohamad Khanif Yusop*, Fateh Chand Oad
Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Summary
Different coated fertilizers such as wax sulfur coated urea (WSCU), polymer coated sulfur coated urea (PCSCU), and uncoated fertilizers [urea, urea + sulfur (6% and 17%)] were applied on rice crop @ 60 and 120 N kg ha-1 as basal and split doses, respectively. The yield components of rice, nitrogen and sulfur concentration and their uptake in grain improved through the application of urea coated polymer and wax fertilizers. These fertilizers had significant effect on soil content such as sulfur and nitrogen mainly due to increasing the soil pH. The results show that sulfur coated and slow release fertilizers are beneficial during the rice growing season as well as next season crop.
Pages 1359-1366 | Full Text PDF
..
Presence of proline in salinized nutrient solution re-enforces the role of this amino acid in osmoregulation and protects lipid membrane peroxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Inθs Slama, Kilani Ben Rejeb, Aida Rouached, Asma Jdey, Mokded Rabhi, Ons Talbi, Ahmed Debez, Arnould Savourι, Chedly Abdelly
Laboratoire des Plantes Extrκmophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj Cιdria, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
Unitι de Physiologie Cellulaire et Molιculaire des Plantes, UR5 EAC7180 CNRS, Universitι Pierre & Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
Summary
Very little is known about the effect of proline addition on the accumulation of inorganic solutes (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) and soluble sugars in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 10 mM proline (P) supply in the culture medium on water status and solute accumulation of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings exposed to 50 mM NaCl (S). Leaf potassium concentration was reduced by 15, 21 and 25% in P, S and P+S plants respectively, as compared to the control. When compared to S or P treatments, leaf proline and soluble sugar were more accumulated under P+S treatment. Under saline conditions, exogenous proline increased leaf Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations by 27, 281 and 252%, respectively, as compared to the control. Interestingly, proline addition mitigated significantly the deleterious effects of salt on lipid membrane peroxidation.
Pages 1367-1372 | Full Text PDF
..
Tissue architecture changes of expanding barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf under salt stress
Ehsan Bijanzadeh*, Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini
Deperment of Plant Production, Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran
Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Summary
The leaf cross-sectional area of barley during its development may reduce under salt stress due to architectural changes of leaves. To investigate the effects of salt stress on tissue architecture of barley leaf, a laboratory experiment was conducted hydroponically. Eight seedlings of barley plants were compared at two concentrations of NaCl (0 and 150 mM NaCl) in a completely randomized design in four replications. Under salt stress, mean leaf length of third leaf decreased 32% compared to control 14 days after germination (DAG). The highest elongation rate obtained at 14 and 15 DAG in control and salt stress, respectively. At 25 mm above the leaf base, 33% reduction in cross sectional area was observed under salt stress.
Pages 1373-1379 | Full Text PDF
..
Effect of cold storage on enzyme activity and postharvest conservation of tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) leaves
Cristina Soares de Souza*, Fernando Luiz Finger, Vicente Wagner Dias Casali, Paulo Roberto Cecon
Federal University of Viηosa (UFV), Department of Plant Science, 36570-000, Viηosa, MG, Brazil
Federal University of Viηosa (UFV), Department of Statistics, 36570-000, Viηosa, MG, Brazil
Summary
This study aimed to evaluate the cold tolerance of two contrasting genotypes of tannia leaves, an edible and an ornamental variety, on oxidative enzymes, accumulation of phenolic compounds and postharvest metabolism of carbohydrates. To simulate shipping storage conditions, fresh leaves were stored at 5 and 10 ΊC, relative humidity of 68 ± 5%, wrapped with non-perforated low density polyethylene bag in cardboard boxes and stored for 20 days. The cold storage did not stimulate peroxidase activity in either genotype. The results indicate that during cold storage, the genotypes showed no symptoms of chilling, without any visual sign of browning caused by the low temperature, nevertheless shorter conservation of leaves occurred at storage of 5 ΊC, indicating some chilling injury sensitivity.
Pages 1380-1387 | Full Text PDF
..
Investigating the genetic diversity of plane (Platanus orientalis and P. occidentalis) in different regions of Iran using SRAP markers
Milad Orojloo, Nematollah Etemadi, Majid Talebi*, Sedigheh Rezai
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Summary
Genetic diversity among 76 Platanus orientalis and three P. occidentalis genotypes from six distinct geographical regions of Iran was investigated using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Thirteen SRAP primer combinations (PCs) amplified 237 fragments, of which 61 were polymorphic. Average PIC value over all PCs was 0.153. UPGMA dendrogram, based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient (r = 0.995), grouped the genotypes into two main clusters according to species and regardless of the regions. It can be concluded that the SRAP marker is an effective tools for the assessment of genetic diversity among Platanus species and low genetic variation within P. orientalis may be related to the propagation method.
Pages 1388-1394 | Full Text PDF
..
The anti-angiogenic activity of Artemisia herba-albas essential oil and its relation with the harvest period
Ichrak Jaouadi*, Ayse Tansu Koparal, Rakibe Beklem Bostancioglu, Mbarka Tej Yakoubi, Mohamed El Gazzah
EL Manar University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Weather Change Laboratory, Tunis- Tunisia, 2092
Anadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Eskisehir-TURKEY, 26470
Summary
Artemisia herba-alba is widely used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes, bronchitis, diarrhoea, hypertension and neuralgias. The aim of this study is to investigate the essential oil extracted from the aerial part of this plant and at two different harvest periods (May and December 2012) to evaluate a possible cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic activity. At first the Artemisia herba-alba essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Then the HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were treated with various concentrations of essential oil (10, 20, 40 and 80 ΅l). We have noted a chemical variation of the essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of Artemisia Herba-alba in relation to seasonal changes. The essential oils extracted from the plants collected in May (seeds stage) and those of December (floral stage) showed a dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on cell viability.
Pages 1395-1401 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
..
Influence of different sowing date and planting pattern and N rate on buckwheat yield and its quality
Mohammad Reza Sobhani, Gulahmad Rahmikhdoev, Dariush Mazaheri, Majid Majidian
College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, 38135-567, Arak, Iran
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Tajikistan, Doshanbe, Tajikistan
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Summary
A field trial was conducted to determine its effect in detail regarding sowing date, planting pattern and N rate. Results showed that the interaction of planting date, N rate and planting pattern significant for all the studied properties so that The highest yield of 2457 kg ha-1, starch content (%) as 51.69%, protein content (%) as 15.24% and leaf, stem and flower rutine content (%) as 1.01, 0.32 and 1.36% and third and fourth sowing dates, 100kg nitrogen and planting pattern P2 can be generally suitable for the qualitative and quantitative yield and accumulation of rutin.
Pages 1402-1414 | Full Text PDF
..
Effect of polymer seed coating and seed dressing with pesticides on seed quality and storability of hybrid cucumber
Tidarat Keawkham, Boonmee Siri*, Russell K. Hynes
Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
Summary
The purpose of this study was to compare hybrid cucumber seed germination and germination index of polymer (hydroxypropyl methycellulose) coated seed to seed dressing with pesticides, metalaxyl and imidacloprid. Seed germination tests were conducted under laboratory (25 °C) and greenhouse conditions (35 °C) immediately, following accelerated seed aging (42 °C, about 100% RH) and seed storage under controlled (15 °C, 40% RH) and ambient (25°C,75% RH) conditions. Seed germination values immediately following treatment were not significantly different (P=0.05) and varied from 85 to 95% in the laboratory and greenhouse. The seed germination of polymer coated seed stored under ambient conditions for 8 months decreased 58 and 46%, as compared to 13 and 11% for seed dressed treatments tested in the laboratory and greenhouse, respectively. This study indicated that polymer seed coating of hybrid cucumber was not compatible with seed viability following storage at 25 °C, 75% RH.
Pages 1415-1420 | Full Text PDF
..
Sequence evidence for intergeneric DNA introgression from Haynaldia villosa 6VS chromosome into wheat near-isogenic lines
Xiaoying Liu, Baoli Fan, Zhenying Wang*, Shinan Sun, Yongkang Peng, Chen Dang, Chaojie Xie, Zhiyong Liu
College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P.R. China
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
Summary
Powdery mildew-resistant gene 21 (Pm21), located on the short arm of chromosome 6V of Haynaldia villosa (H. villosa), is typically a representative element which is transferred to hexaploid wheat through introgressive hybridization. Determination of sequence evidence for H. villosa DNA introgression would help trace Pm21 in breeding wheat that are resistant to powdery mildew. In this study, we generated a wheat near-isogenic line (NIL) that was resistant to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) by using the wheat cultivar, Jing411, as the recurrent parent and the wheat-H. villosa chromosome translocation line, T6VS.6AL, as the donor parent of the Bgt resistance gene. The results indicated that EACG/M14-301 might be a sequence evidence for intergeneric DNA introgression from H. villosa into common wheat. Our work will contribute to future investigations into wheat resistance breeding.
Pages 1421-1427 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
..
Suppressive effect of some microbial agents on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica infected eggplant
Asmaa Abdelhamid Mokbel*, Asmaa Ahmed Alharbi
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Summary
Search for novel, environmental friendly alternatives to manage Meloidogyne populations are needed to solve the problem. The effectiveness of different bacterial and fungal genera against M. javanica on eggplant was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Treatments with Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Serratia marcescens each alone or in a mixture caused 50.5-90.3% inhibition on M. javanica egg-hatch and 2nd stage juveniles (J2) activity and showed 56.5-86.8% reduction in the number of nematode root galls, egg-masses/root system, number of J2/250 cc soil and 50.9-73.7% increase in the root and shoot dry weights of eggplant. This study can help growers to develop new biocontrol agents, to suppress root-knot nematode populations under field conditions.
Pages 1428-1434 | Full Text PDF
..
GGE biplot analysis on the performance of wheat genotype for hectolitre weight and mega environments identification in north western Ethiopia
Habtamu Ayalew*, Landuber Wondale , Amlaku Teshager
Debre Markos University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Horticulture, P.O.Box 269, Debere Markos, Ethiopia
Adet Agricultural Research Centre P.O. Box 08 Adet, Ethiopia
School of Plant Biology, and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
Summary
The present study was conducted in north western Ethiopia across six test locations during the 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons to study the nature of GEI on hectolitre weight of bread wheat and to classify environments based on the performance of genotypes. A total of 12 advanced bread wheat lines along with standard and local checks were tested and data were analysed on hectolitre weight. Both the main effects of genotypes and environments, and their interaction significantly (P=0.01) contributed for the observed phenotype. The environment explained 46.6 % of the total variation while GEI and genotype explained 15.6% and 10%, respectively.
Pages 1435-1440 | Full Text PDF
..
An augmented additive-dominance (AD) model for analysis of multi-parental spring wheat F2 hybrids
Krishna D. Bondalapati, Jixiang Wu*, Karl D. Glover
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
Summary
Many plant breeding trials often include a large number of genotypes with possibly no repeated field plots. Ineffective control of field variation could result in an inflated residual variance and/or biased estimation/prediction of genetic effects. Three hundred thirty seven (337) multi-parental spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F2 hybrids were grown in two locations in South Dakota without repeated field plots in 2009. Two agronomic traits (grain yield and plant height) were measured. An augmented additive-dominance (AD) model including a sub-block component was proposed for analyzing the data. This augmented AD model was first investigated by simulated data followed by actual data analysis. Simulation results showed that the augmented AD models yielded unbiased estimates with and without presence of sub-block effect. This augmented AD model can reduce the impact of field variation on estimation and/or prediction of genetic effects.
Pages 1441-1447 | Full Text PDF
..
Agronomic capability of mechanized sugarcane planting
Murilo Aparecido Voltarelli*, Rouverson Pereira da Silva, Cristiano Zerbato, Vicente Filho Alves Silva, Fαbio Alexandre Cavichioli
UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Sγo Paulo, Brazil
Summary
The goal of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of mechanised sugarcane planting in two operation shifts using statistical process control. The experimental design was completely randomised with a total of 80 sampling points (replicates), 40 replicates for daytime operation and 40 replicates for night-time operation. The results showed that the operational quality of mechanised sugarcane planting varied between the day and night shifts. The total number of shoots m-1 exhibited higher variability for the night than for the day shift. All analysed quality indicators of mechanised sugarcane planting were considered not capable (Cp and Pp < 1.33) of meeting the established targets for the day shift, regardless of the process stability.
Pages 1448-1460 | Full Text PDF
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Soil hydric excess and soybean yield and development in Brazil
Amauri Nelson Beutler*, Robson Giacomeli, Cleber Maus Alberto, Vanessa Neumann Silva, Gentil Felix da Silva Neto, Geter Alves Machado, Amanda Thirza Lima Santos
Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Campus Itaqui, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sα Brito, s/n, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui (RS), Brazil
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil
Summary
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of hydric excess by flooding on the soybean growth and yield of the cultivar BMX Potκncia RR. The experimental design used was randomization, with six treatments and five replications consisting of pots of 7.5 L (6.0 dm³ soil per pot), consisting of two experiments: hydric excess at the flowering stage (R2); and hydric excess at the beginning of the grain-filling stage (R5). The results showed that the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, height of insertion of the first pod, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and number of grains per plant were not altered by the soil flooding up to 32 days. It was determined that the mass of a thousand grains and soybean grains yielded decreased gradually with an increase in the number of days of flooding, in stages R2 and R5, with grain yield reduction of 17% and 29%, after 16 days, and 41% and 36% after 32 days of flooding.
Pages 1461-1466 | Full Text PDF