Volume 9 Issue 11 | November 2015
Table of Contents
9(11) 2015
9(11) 2015
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2015
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | November 2015
Volume 9 Number 11 Year 2015
Volume 9 Number 11 Year 2015
Effects of intra-specific tree competition on dendrometric parameters of Peltophorum dubium
Flávia Araújo Matos, Omar Daniel, Ademar Pereira Serra*, Débora Menani Heid, Jackeline Matos do Nascimento, Igor Murilo Bumbieris Nogueira, Simone Cândido Ensinas, Pedro Henrique Altomar, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Douglas Costa Potrich, Matheus Andrade Martinez
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post Graduation Program in Agronomy - Crop Science, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to assess the performance of dendrometric parameters of Peltophorum dubium in several trees competition and stand age. The experiment was carried out in Brazil from 2009 to 2013. The experimental evaluations were done on variables such as cylindrical volume (CV), crown diameter (CD), diameter at beast height (DBH1.3 m), crown area (CA) and total height of tree (THT). The experiment was performed in a Nelder wheel competition, which is used in forestry research to test tree competition in a single plot. The interaction between the treatments (tree competition and stand age) was statistically significant (p=0.01) for all variables assessed. The correlation between THT with the other dendrometric variables was strongly negative.
Pages 1003-1009 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Determination of harvest maturity in Capsicum baccatum L. seeds using physiological and biochemical markers
Maria Isabel Lima Silva, Eduardo Luiz Voigt*, Leilson Costa Grangeiro, Elizângela Emídio Cunha, Cristiane Elizabeth Costa de Macêdo, Salvador Barros Torres
Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, 59625-900, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, 59072-910, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte, Caixa Postal 137, 59625-900, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
Abstract
This work aimed to determine the harvesting time of pepper (Capsicum baccatum L.) seeds, cv. Dedo-de-moça, based on physiological markers and patterns of metabolite consumption and reserve deposition. Seeds were harvested at different maturation stages from 10 to 90 days after anthesis and seed quality was assessed according to water content, dry weight, germinability, electrolyte leakage, content of starch, neutral lipids, soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, non-reducing sugars, and total free amino acids. Physiological maturity was reached at 40 days after anthesis, when seeds displayed maximal dry weight and 60% of water loss.
Pages 1010-1015 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Resistance of Eucalyptus spp. genotypes to eucalyptus brown looper Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Flávio Gonçalves Jesus*, Luciano Nogueira, Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior, Zulene Antonio Ribeiro, Marcio Silva Araújo, José Cola Zanuncio
Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, Brazil
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Brazil
Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to screen various eucalyptus genotypes and identify sources of resistance to T. arnobia. Leaves of the Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus alba, E. brassiana, E. camaldulensis, E. cloeziana, E. dunnii, E. grandis, E. pellita x E. tereticornis, E. resinifera, E. robusta, E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. torelliana x C. citriodora and E. urophylla genotypes were provided to T. arnobia to assess antibiosis. The duration of the larval and pupal stages (days), pupal weight (mg), pupal and larval viability (%), adult longevity (days), sex ratio and total life cycle (days) were recorded. E. grandis, E. robusta, E. brassiana, E. tereticornis and E. saligna were found to be highly susceptible to T. arnobia, whereas E. torelliana x C. citriodora and E. dunnii showed antibiosis and/or antixenosis. These findings can assist growers in the management of T. arnobia and may be useful in the breeding of eucalyptus resistant to this insect.
Pages 1016-1021 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Characterisation of Italian bean landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using seed image analysis and texture descriptors
Marisol Lo Bianco, Oscar Grillo*, Roberto Cremonini, Marco Sarigu, Gianfranco Venora
Stazione Consorziale Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia. Via Sirio, 1, 95041 Borgo Santo Pietro - Caltagirone (CT), Italy
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa. Via Ghini, 5, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, V. le S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Abstract
Seed morphological traits were used to identify 67 Italian bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions, belonging to 58 Italian landraces. An overall of 138 size, shape and texture descriptors were measured, on each seed, using image analysis techniques. The achieved data, analysed applying the stepwise Linear Discriminant Analysis, allowed to discriminate among bean landraces, also identifying the harvest year and the cropping areas. Comparative analyses were carried out to verify the possibility to distinguish seeds belonging to the same landrace but grown applying different agricultural practices. Preliminarily, it was possible to discriminate three main color categories of bean seeds, with an overall performance of 99.1%.
Pages 1022-1034 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Nitrate reductase activity (Nra) and levels of nitrogenous compounds in leaves of crabwood (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) under three water regimes and suspension of the stresses
Ellen Gleyce da Silva Lima*, Bruno Moitinho Maltarolo, Glauco André dos Santos Nogueira, Dielle Thainá de França Teixeira, Kerolém Prícila Sousa Cardoso, Guilherme Gomes Dantas, Tamires Borges de Oliveira, Luma Castro de Souza, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa, Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto
Engenheira Florestal, estudante de Doutorado em Ciências Florestais, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheiro Florestal, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, estudante de Doutorado em Ciências Florestais, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Estudante de Agronomia, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Estudante de Agronomia, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Estudante de Agronomia, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheira Agrônoma, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheira Agrônoma, estudante de Doutorado em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo), Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Brazil
Biólogo, Professor Doutor do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor Doutor do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil <mailto:>
Abstract
The crabwood has high phenotypic plasticity due to its adaptability to different environments. The aim of this work was to evaluate the content of nitrate, free ammonium, nitrate reductase activity (Nra), and the levels of total soluble amino acids, proline, glycine betaine in young plants of crabwood (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) under to three water regimes and subsequent recovery process through the stresses suspension. The results showed that the water potential, nitrate concentration and the Nra decreased significantly in plants under water stress, as well as in plants under flooding, with average of -3.46 MPa, 0.6 NO3-/ kg DM, 0.1294 µmoles of NO2-/ g FM/h (water potential, nitrate and Nra, respectively).
Pages 1035-1041 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Effects of sugarcane cropping on organic carbon properties of the soil
Simone Cândido Ensinas, Ademar Pereira Serra, Marlene Estevão Marchetti, Eulene Francisco da Silva, Eber Augusto Ferreira do Prado, Elaine Reis Pinheiro Lourente, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Pedro Henrique Altomar1, Douglas Costa Potrich, Cedrick Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa, Matheus Andrade Martinez, Renata de Azambuja Silva Miranda
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post Graduation Program in Agronomy - Vegetable Production, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), City of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this research was to quantify the carbon management index (CMI), total organic carbon stocks (TOC), labile carbon (LC) and carbon amount in the oxidized fractions of SOM in cropping soil cultivated by sugarcane crop. The highest TOC stock was observed in the treatment AC4yr (15.32 Mg ha-1), which differed from the RA (11.01 Mg ha-1) in 0-10 cm depth. No significant difference was observed in LC in 0-10 cm depth. The treatment AC3yr and AC4yr showed the highest value of LC stocks differing from RA and AC1yr (10-30 cm).
Pages 1042-1048 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Agrometeorological models for forecasting yield and quality of sugarcane
Marcos Antônio Marcari, Glauco de Souza Rolim, Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira Aparecido*
UNESP-São Paulo State University, Department of Exact Sciences, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Abstract
We developed regional agro-meteorological models to forecast monthly yields in tonnes of sugarcane per hectare (TCH) and quality of the total recoverable sugar (ATR). We used monthly climatological data (air temperature, precipitation, water deficiency and surplus, potential and actual evapotranspiration, soil-water storage, and global solar irradiation) of the previous year to forecast TCH and ATR for the next year using multiple linear regression. All calibrated models were significant (p < 0.05) and accurate, with a MAPE of 4.06% for the forecast of TCH in the ambient “C” for July. The model calibrated for November had variable water deficits in all environments, showing the importance of this variable to the crops.
Pages 1049-1056 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Quercetin and indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) as rooting inducers in Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla
Débora Zanoni do Prado, Roberta Carvalho Dionizio, Fabio Vianello, Davide Baratella, Sérgio Marques Costa, Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima*
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua (UNIPD), Padua, Italy
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the flavonoid quercetin, either in the presence or absence of auxin, in different rooting stages of E.grandis × E. urophylla, using biochemical markers. Assessments of stem diameter, height, rooting, number of roots and root length were analyzed and the content of polyamines (PAs) (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), ascorbic acid, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), quercetin and peroxidase activity were determined in leaves and roots. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) induced a higher PA content in roots and leaves mainly after 60 days, indicating that auxin can induce PA production and cell division rate, which is higher at this stage of development.
Pages 1057-1063 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A multivariate approach to determine sample size for morphological characterization of pepper fruits
Anderson Rodrigo da Silva*, Reginaldo Francisco Hilário, Elizanilda Ramalho do Rêgo, Naysa Flávia Ferreira do Nascimento, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, Renato Paiva de Lima
Department of Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute, Geraldo Silva Nascimento Road, Km 2.5 - 75790-000 - Urutaí, GO - Brazil
Department of Exact Sciences, University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP - Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - 13418-900 - Piracicaba, SP - Brazil
Laboratory of Vegetal Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraíba - 58397-000 - Areia, PB - Brazil
Department of Soil Sciences, University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, Brazil
Abstract
In order to determine the effective sample size, a general multivariate statistical method consisting of resampling subsamples from a reference sample is presented. Data from a field experiment involving eight accessions of Capsicum pepper are used to illustrate the method. The multivariate approach has taken into account the correlations among the response variables and was more efficient than the univariate form. A sample containing 22 fruits is considered suitable for estimating the mean of pepper fruit traits, whereas 24 fruits should be enough to estimate the standard deviation.
Pages 1064-1068 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Behavior of 'IPR 100' and 'Apoatã IAC 2258' coffee cultivars under different infestation levels of Meloidogyne paranaensis inoculum
Elder Andreazi*, Gustavo Hiroshi Sera, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, Tumoru Sera, Inês Cristina de Bastista Fonseca, Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado, Luciana Harumi Shigueoka, Filipe Gimenez Carvalho, Fernando César Carducci
Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina-PR-Brazil
Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 375, Três Marcos, CEP 86047-902, Londrina-PR-Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the cultivars ‘IPR 100’ and ‘Apoatã IAC 2258’ under different infestation levels of Meloidogyne paranaensis inoculum. The results showed significantly lower levels of nematodes g-1 in IPR 100 and ‘Apoatã’ compared with that of the ‘Catuaí’ as check cultivar. The ‘IPR 100’ and ‘Apoatã IAC 2258’ cultivars exhibited resistance to M. paranaensis regardless of the inoculum level used. Based on the nematodes g-1, RF, RRF, and HSI, the ‘IPR 100’ cultivar was more resistant to M. paranaensis than ‘Apoatã IAC 2258.' Under the experimental conditions adopted here, the initial populations of 1,500 and 3,000 eggs plant-1 are the most suitable for testing resistance to M. paranaensis. However, 3,000 eggs plant-1 was the most efficient population because it can be used to classify the cultivars into different levels of resistance.
Pages 1069-1074 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Multivariate analysis of fiber characteristics of dense cotton in different harvest systems
Elizabeth Haruna Kazama*, Francielle Morelli Ferreira, Rouverson Pereira da Silva, Antonio Renan Berchol da Silva, Diego Augusto Fiorese
Department of Rural Engineering, State University of Julio de MesquitaFilho, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary, Jaboticabal, Brazil
College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil
Department of Land and Rural Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Faculty of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the variables of cotton fiber characteristics depending on the manual, picker, and stripper harvest systems, and two cultivars (FMT 701 and IMACD 408) using multivariate statistical methods. The hierarchical and non-hierarchical clusters and the principal components were grouped into three clusters based on the harvesting system types, according to the variables of fiber characteristics. The principal component analysis indicated that the harvesting system influenced the quality of the fiber, in particular, the impurity content, which affects other fiber characteristics, except for the length. Hence, the desired characteristics of cotton fiber quality were observed in the manual harvesting system, followed by the picker system, and finally the stripper system.
Pages 1075-1081 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) biomass production as promising alternative source of energy in Brazil's semiarid area using gypsum
Renato Lemos dos Santos, Fernando José Freire, Alexandre Tavares da Rocha, José Antônio Aleixo da Silva, José Alves Tavares, Elane Grazielle Borba de Sousa Ferreira*, Emídio Cantídio Almeida de Oliveira
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Agronomy Department, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. CEP: 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Agronomy Department, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Fazenda Saco, s/n, Caixa Postal 063, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Forest Sciences Department, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. CEP: 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, Rodovia Araripina - PE 585, km 18, CEP: 56.280-000, Araripina, PE, Brazil
Abstract
As alternative to supply the energy demand in semiarid Brazil, the biomass production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) is a promising alternative. This study aimed at assessing the energy performance of three varieties of elephant grass grown in the absence and presence of mineral gypsum. Three elephant grass varieties Cameroon, Gramafante and Roxo were cultivated in the field condition in the presence and absence of mineral gypsum in a factorial arrangement (3 × 2), with treatments randomly assigned to four blocks. The elephant grass varieties Cameroon and Gramafante presented higher heating value and high dry matter production reinforced by application of mineral gypsum. The variety Cameroon showed the highest energy production per unit area. Thus, the use of elephant grass mainly of Cameroon and Gramafante varieties has great potential to solve or minimize the energy deficit of Gypsum Pole of Araripe in Pernambuco.
Pages 1082-1088 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Clustering fastigiata peanut accessions for selection of early-mature types suitable for the food market
Jean Pierre Cordeiro Ramos, Lucas Nunes da Luz, José Jaime Vasconcelos Cavalcanti, Liziane Maria de Lima, Rosa Maria Mendes Freire, Péricles de Albuquerque Melo Filho, Roseane Cavalcanti dos Santos*
Department of Postgraduate in Agricultural Sciences, State University of Paraiba, Rua Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, CEP 58429-500 Campina Grande-PB, Brazil
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Cariri, Rua Vereador Sebastião Maciel Lopes, s/n, Muriti, CEP: 63133-610, Crato-CE, Brazil
Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Cotton, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 1143, Centenário, CEP 58428-095, Campina Grande-PB, Brazil
Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Embrapa Cotton, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 1143, Centenário, CEP 58428-095, Campina Grande-PB, Brazil
Department of Agronomy, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE, Brazil
Abstract
In this paper, we estimated the genetic divergence in 77 peanut accessions (subsp. fastigiata), using three clustering methods, in order to identify early-mature genotypes and earliness for food market. The accessions were grown in field and phenotyped for 19 qualitative and quantitative traits. The Tocher methodology was employed for discriminating Valencia accessions. Both UPGMA and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were used to identify and cluster genotypes. The results identified at least, two groups including high yield-earliness (fastigiata) and drought tolerance (vulgaris) accessions, promising for food market.
Pages 1089-1094 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cluster analysis to select peanut drought tolerance lines
Jacqueline Wanessa de Lima Pereira, Elaine Cristina Alves da Silva, Lucas Nunes da Luz, Rejane Jurema Mansur Custódio Nogueira, Péricles de Albuquerque Melo Filho, Liziane Maria de Lima, Roseane Cavalcanti dos Santos*
Northeast Biotechnology Network - RENORBIO, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Cariri, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha, s/n - Cidade Universitária, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
Department of Biology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Cotton, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 1143, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
Abstract
In this work we adopted a clustering method to assist in the selection procedures of intraspecific peanut elite lines, based on molecular tools and physiological, biochemical and agronomic traits. Initially, fourteen intraspecific top lines (F7) were used to identify drought tolerant materials based on SSR markers. Thereafter, the selected lines were submitted to 10 days (d) of water stress and analyzed by physiological (stomata conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis) and biochemical (organic solutes and antioxidative enzymes) traits. We found that all selected top lines showed osmotic adjustment and antioxidant satisfactory front of disturbances caused by water stress. However, based on the clustering analysis the top line L46 was more suitable for semiarid environment, due to agronomic similarity with drought tolerant-BR 1.
Pages 1095-1105 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Eco-physiological behavior and carbon metabolism in young plants of balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidal) under three different water regimes
Glauco André dos Santos Nogueira, Tamires Borges de Oliveira, Ellen Gleyce da Silva Lima, Bruno Moitinho Maltarolo, Wander Luiz da Silva Ataíde, Dielle Thainá de França Teixeira, Raimundo Thiago Lima da Silva, Ismael de Jesus Matos Viégas, Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto*, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa
Engenheiro Agrônomo, estudante de Doutorado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheira Agrônoma, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheira Florestal, estudante de Doutorado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Florestal, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Florestal, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Estudante de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor Doutor da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor Doutor da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor Doutor do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Biólogo, Professor Doutor do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the eco-physiological and biochemical responses in balsa wood plants (Ochroma pyramidal) under different water regimes. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in July 2013. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design (3×4) with three water conditions: control (irrigated), water deficit and flooding in four periods and 5 replications. The physiological parameters evaluated were (predawn leaf water potential (?am), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E). The biochemical parameters were (abscisic acid, starch concentrations, total soluble carbohydrate and sucrose). The predawn water potential and the variables of gas exchange were significantly decreased under water deficit and flooding. The abscisic acid concentrations showed increases in the same treatments over time. The starch concentrations decreased significantly in plants under water deficit, representing a decrease of 2.06 times.
Pages 1106-1112 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Beneficial repercussion of silicon (Si) application on photosynthetic pigments in maize plants
Maria Antonia Machado Barbosa, Milton Hélio Lima da Silva, Gélia Dinah Monteiro Viana, Tiago Rodrigues Ferreira, Carla Letícia Figueredo de Carvalho Souza, Elaine Maria Silva Guedes Lobato, Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato*
Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Avanaçada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Brazil
Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém Pará, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the compounds linked to oxidative stress and cell damages, besides to evaluate the consequences of exogenous Si application on photosynthetic pigments in maize plants (hybrid 30F53YH Pioneer®). The experiment employed an entirely randomized design with two silicon treatments (0 and 2 mM Si). The silicon application did not cause significant changes in hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde in leaf and root tissues of plant. On the other hand, the exogenous Si induced significant increases in CHL a, CHL b and total CHL.
Pages 1113-1118 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Pattern of allelochemical distribution in leaves and roots of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees.)
Adriana Favaretto*, Sílvia Ortiz Chini, Simone Meredith Scheffer-Basso, Andréa Michel Sobottka, Charise Dallazem Bertol and Naylor Bastiani Perez
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Brazil
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR-285, CEP 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Brazil
Embrapa Pecuária Sul, BR-153, Km 603, CEP 96401-970, Bagé, RS, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and concentration of allelochemicals in the leaves and roots of tough lovegrass. Aqueous extracts (leaves and roots) were prepared and subjected to turboextraction and subsequent lyophilization. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical tests in order to evaluate their alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins content. Post-validation high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was used to evaluate the allelochemicals caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric, vanillic acids, coumarin, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, and kaempferol. Qualitative chemical tests detected the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids in the leaves and roots of tough lovegrass and tannins in only leaves. HPLC assay verified the presence of coumarin in the roots and leaves in equal amounts; ferulic acid in higher quantities in roots; caffeic, p-coumaric, and vanillic acids in higher quantities in leaves; and catechin and epicatechin in leaves only.
Pages 1119-1125 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Brazilian rice genotypes
Glacy Jaqueline da Silva, Railson Schreinert dos Santos, Tatiane Medeiros Souza, Natã Dienes Machado, José Antônio Peters, Antonio Costa de Oliveira*
Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
Department of Botany, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
Abstract
The establishment of an efficient protocol for callus induction is extremely important as a first step towards genetically modified rice (Oryza sativa L.). Since this step is highly dependent on genotype response, research on various cultivars used in southern Brazil, the major rice-producing region of the country, is fundamental. In this paper, protocols for somatic embryogenesis and regeneration were tested in five rice genotypes, four indica (BRS Atalanta, BRS Querência, BRS Sinuelo and IRGA424) and one japonica (Nipponbare), to evaluate the efficiency of two concentrations of 2,4-D (2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) in the induction media. It is shown that callus formation was significantly lower at a 2,4-D concentration of 2.0 mg L-1 than at 4.0 mg L-1. However, plant regeneration at 2.0 mg L-1 2,4-D was better.
Pages 1126-1130 | Full Text PDF
Flávia Araújo Matos, Omar Daniel, Ademar Pereira Serra*, Débora Menani Heid, Jackeline Matos do Nascimento, Igor Murilo Bumbieris Nogueira, Simone Cândido Ensinas, Pedro Henrique Altomar, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Douglas Costa Potrich, Matheus Andrade Martinez
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post Graduation Program in Agronomy - Crop Science, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to assess the performance of dendrometric parameters of Peltophorum dubium in several trees competition and stand age. The experiment was carried out in Brazil from 2009 to 2013. The experimental evaluations were done on variables such as cylindrical volume (CV), crown diameter (CD), diameter at beast height (DBH1.3 m), crown area (CA) and total height of tree (THT). The experiment was performed in a Nelder wheel competition, which is used in forestry research to test tree competition in a single plot. The interaction between the treatments (tree competition and stand age) was statistically significant (p=0.01) for all variables assessed. The correlation between THT with the other dendrometric variables was strongly negative.
Pages 1003-1009 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Determination of harvest maturity in Capsicum baccatum L. seeds using physiological and biochemical markers
Maria Isabel Lima Silva, Eduardo Luiz Voigt*, Leilson Costa Grangeiro, Elizângela Emídio Cunha, Cristiane Elizabeth Costa de Macêdo, Salvador Barros Torres
Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, 59625-900, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, 59072-910, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte, Caixa Postal 137, 59625-900, Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
Abstract
This work aimed to determine the harvesting time of pepper (Capsicum baccatum L.) seeds, cv. Dedo-de-moça, based on physiological markers and patterns of metabolite consumption and reserve deposition. Seeds were harvested at different maturation stages from 10 to 90 days after anthesis and seed quality was assessed according to water content, dry weight, germinability, electrolyte leakage, content of starch, neutral lipids, soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, non-reducing sugars, and total free amino acids. Physiological maturity was reached at 40 days after anthesis, when seeds displayed maximal dry weight and 60% of water loss.
Pages 1010-1015 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Resistance of Eucalyptus spp. genotypes to eucalyptus brown looper Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Flávio Gonçalves Jesus*, Luciano Nogueira, Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior, Zulene Antonio Ribeiro, Marcio Silva Araújo, José Cola Zanuncio
Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, Brazil
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Brazil
Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to screen various eucalyptus genotypes and identify sources of resistance to T. arnobia. Leaves of the Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus alba, E. brassiana, E. camaldulensis, E. cloeziana, E. dunnii, E. grandis, E. pellita x E. tereticornis, E. resinifera, E. robusta, E. saligna, E. tereticornis, E. torelliana x C. citriodora and E. urophylla genotypes were provided to T. arnobia to assess antibiosis. The duration of the larval and pupal stages (days), pupal weight (mg), pupal and larval viability (%), adult longevity (days), sex ratio and total life cycle (days) were recorded. E. grandis, E. robusta, E. brassiana, E. tereticornis and E. saligna were found to be highly susceptible to T. arnobia, whereas E. torelliana x C. citriodora and E. dunnii showed antibiosis and/or antixenosis. These findings can assist growers in the management of T. arnobia and may be useful in the breeding of eucalyptus resistant to this insect.
Pages 1016-1021 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Characterisation of Italian bean landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using seed image analysis and texture descriptors
Marisol Lo Bianco, Oscar Grillo*, Roberto Cremonini, Marco Sarigu, Gianfranco Venora
Stazione Consorziale Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia. Via Sirio, 1, 95041 Borgo Santo Pietro - Caltagirone (CT), Italy
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa. Via Ghini, 5, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DISVA), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, V. le S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Abstract
Seed morphological traits were used to identify 67 Italian bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions, belonging to 58 Italian landraces. An overall of 138 size, shape and texture descriptors were measured, on each seed, using image analysis techniques. The achieved data, analysed applying the stepwise Linear Discriminant Analysis, allowed to discriminate among bean landraces, also identifying the harvest year and the cropping areas. Comparative analyses were carried out to verify the possibility to distinguish seeds belonging to the same landrace but grown applying different agricultural practices. Preliminarily, it was possible to discriminate three main color categories of bean seeds, with an overall performance of 99.1%.
Pages 1022-1034 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Nitrate reductase activity (Nra) and levels of nitrogenous compounds in leaves of crabwood (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) under three water regimes and suspension of the stresses
Ellen Gleyce da Silva Lima*, Bruno Moitinho Maltarolo, Glauco André dos Santos Nogueira, Dielle Thainá de França Teixeira, Kerolém Prícila Sousa Cardoso, Guilherme Gomes Dantas, Tamires Borges de Oliveira, Luma Castro de Souza, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa, Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto
Engenheira Florestal, estudante de Doutorado em Ciências Florestais, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheiro Florestal, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, estudante de Doutorado em Ciências Florestais, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Estudante de Agronomia, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Estudante de Agronomia, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Estudante de Agronomia, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheira Agrônoma, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheira Agrônoma, estudante de Doutorado em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo), Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Brazil
Biólogo, Professor Doutor do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor Doutor do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, UFRA- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil <mailto:>
Abstract
The crabwood has high phenotypic plasticity due to its adaptability to different environments. The aim of this work was to evaluate the content of nitrate, free ammonium, nitrate reductase activity (Nra), and the levels of total soluble amino acids, proline, glycine betaine in young plants of crabwood (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) under to three water regimes and subsequent recovery process through the stresses suspension. The results showed that the water potential, nitrate concentration and the Nra decreased significantly in plants under water stress, as well as in plants under flooding, with average of -3.46 MPa, 0.6 NO3-/ kg DM, 0.1294 µmoles of NO2-/ g FM/h (water potential, nitrate and Nra, respectively).
Pages 1035-1041 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Effects of sugarcane cropping on organic carbon properties of the soil
Simone Cândido Ensinas, Ademar Pereira Serra, Marlene Estevão Marchetti, Eulene Francisco da Silva, Eber Augusto Ferreira do Prado, Elaine Reis Pinheiro Lourente, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Pedro Henrique Altomar1, Douglas Costa Potrich, Cedrick Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa, Matheus Andrade Martinez, Renata de Azambuja Silva Miranda
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post Graduation Program in Agronomy - Vegetable Production, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), City of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this research was to quantify the carbon management index (CMI), total organic carbon stocks (TOC), labile carbon (LC) and carbon amount in the oxidized fractions of SOM in cropping soil cultivated by sugarcane crop. The highest TOC stock was observed in the treatment AC4yr (15.32 Mg ha-1), which differed from the RA (11.01 Mg ha-1) in 0-10 cm depth. No significant difference was observed in LC in 0-10 cm depth. The treatment AC3yr and AC4yr showed the highest value of LC stocks differing from RA and AC1yr (10-30 cm).
Pages 1042-1048 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Agrometeorological models for forecasting yield and quality of sugarcane
Marcos Antônio Marcari, Glauco de Souza Rolim, Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira Aparecido*
UNESP-São Paulo State University, Department of Exact Sciences, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Abstract
We developed regional agro-meteorological models to forecast monthly yields in tonnes of sugarcane per hectare (TCH) and quality of the total recoverable sugar (ATR). We used monthly climatological data (air temperature, precipitation, water deficiency and surplus, potential and actual evapotranspiration, soil-water storage, and global solar irradiation) of the previous year to forecast TCH and ATR for the next year using multiple linear regression. All calibrated models were significant (p < 0.05) and accurate, with a MAPE of 4.06% for the forecast of TCH in the ambient “C” for July. The model calibrated for November had variable water deficits in all environments, showing the importance of this variable to the crops.
Pages 1049-1056 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Quercetin and indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) as rooting inducers in Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla
Débora Zanoni do Prado, Roberta Carvalho Dionizio, Fabio Vianello, Davide Baratella, Sérgio Marques Costa, Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima*
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua (UNIPD), Padua, Italy
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the flavonoid quercetin, either in the presence or absence of auxin, in different rooting stages of E.grandis × E. urophylla, using biochemical markers. Assessments of stem diameter, height, rooting, number of roots and root length were analyzed and the content of polyamines (PAs) (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), ascorbic acid, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), quercetin and peroxidase activity were determined in leaves and roots. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) induced a higher PA content in roots and leaves mainly after 60 days, indicating that auxin can induce PA production and cell division rate, which is higher at this stage of development.
Pages 1057-1063 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A multivariate approach to determine sample size for morphological characterization of pepper fruits
Anderson Rodrigo da Silva*, Reginaldo Francisco Hilário, Elizanilda Ramalho do Rêgo, Naysa Flávia Ferreira do Nascimento, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, Renato Paiva de Lima
Department of Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute, Geraldo Silva Nascimento Road, Km 2.5 - 75790-000 - Urutaí, GO - Brazil
Department of Exact Sciences, University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP - Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - 13418-900 - Piracicaba, SP - Brazil
Laboratory of Vegetal Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraíba - 58397-000 - Areia, PB - Brazil
Department of Soil Sciences, University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, Brazil
Abstract
In order to determine the effective sample size, a general multivariate statistical method consisting of resampling subsamples from a reference sample is presented. Data from a field experiment involving eight accessions of Capsicum pepper are used to illustrate the method. The multivariate approach has taken into account the correlations among the response variables and was more efficient than the univariate form. A sample containing 22 fruits is considered suitable for estimating the mean of pepper fruit traits, whereas 24 fruits should be enough to estimate the standard deviation.
Pages 1064-1068 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Behavior of 'IPR 100' and 'Apoatã IAC 2258' coffee cultivars under different infestation levels of Meloidogyne paranaensis inoculum
Elder Andreazi*, Gustavo Hiroshi Sera, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, Tumoru Sera, Inês Cristina de Bastista Fonseca, Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado, Luciana Harumi Shigueoka, Filipe Gimenez Carvalho, Fernando César Carducci
Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina-PR-Brazil
Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 375, Três Marcos, CEP 86047-902, Londrina-PR-Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the cultivars ‘IPR 100’ and ‘Apoatã IAC 2258’ under different infestation levels of Meloidogyne paranaensis inoculum. The results showed significantly lower levels of nematodes g-1 in IPR 100 and ‘Apoatã’ compared with that of the ‘Catuaí’ as check cultivar. The ‘IPR 100’ and ‘Apoatã IAC 2258’ cultivars exhibited resistance to M. paranaensis regardless of the inoculum level used. Based on the nematodes g-1, RF, RRF, and HSI, the ‘IPR 100’ cultivar was more resistant to M. paranaensis than ‘Apoatã IAC 2258.' Under the experimental conditions adopted here, the initial populations of 1,500 and 3,000 eggs plant-1 are the most suitable for testing resistance to M. paranaensis. However, 3,000 eggs plant-1 was the most efficient population because it can be used to classify the cultivars into different levels of resistance.
Pages 1069-1074 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Multivariate analysis of fiber characteristics of dense cotton in different harvest systems
Elizabeth Haruna Kazama*, Francielle Morelli Ferreira, Rouverson Pereira da Silva, Antonio Renan Berchol da Silva, Diego Augusto Fiorese
Department of Rural Engineering, State University of Julio de MesquitaFilho, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary, Jaboticabal, Brazil
College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil
Department of Land and Rural Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Faculty of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the variables of cotton fiber characteristics depending on the manual, picker, and stripper harvest systems, and two cultivars (FMT 701 and IMACD 408) using multivariate statistical methods. The hierarchical and non-hierarchical clusters and the principal components were grouped into three clusters based on the harvesting system types, according to the variables of fiber characteristics. The principal component analysis indicated that the harvesting system influenced the quality of the fiber, in particular, the impurity content, which affects other fiber characteristics, except for the length. Hence, the desired characteristics of cotton fiber quality were observed in the manual harvesting system, followed by the picker system, and finally the stripper system.
Pages 1075-1081 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) biomass production as promising alternative source of energy in Brazil's semiarid area using gypsum
Renato Lemos dos Santos, Fernando José Freire, Alexandre Tavares da Rocha, José Antônio Aleixo da Silva, José Alves Tavares, Elane Grazielle Borba de Sousa Ferreira*, Emídio Cantídio Almeida de Oliveira
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Agronomy Department, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. CEP: 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Agronomy Department, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Fazenda Saco, s/n, Caixa Postal 063, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Forest Sciences Department, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. CEP: 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, Rodovia Araripina - PE 585, km 18, CEP: 56.280-000, Araripina, PE, Brazil
Abstract
As alternative to supply the energy demand in semiarid Brazil, the biomass production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) is a promising alternative. This study aimed at assessing the energy performance of three varieties of elephant grass grown in the absence and presence of mineral gypsum. Three elephant grass varieties Cameroon, Gramafante and Roxo were cultivated in the field condition in the presence and absence of mineral gypsum in a factorial arrangement (3 × 2), with treatments randomly assigned to four blocks. The elephant grass varieties Cameroon and Gramafante presented higher heating value and high dry matter production reinforced by application of mineral gypsum. The variety Cameroon showed the highest energy production per unit area. Thus, the use of elephant grass mainly of Cameroon and Gramafante varieties has great potential to solve or minimize the energy deficit of Gypsum Pole of Araripe in Pernambuco.
Pages 1082-1088 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Clustering fastigiata peanut accessions for selection of early-mature types suitable for the food market
Jean Pierre Cordeiro Ramos, Lucas Nunes da Luz, José Jaime Vasconcelos Cavalcanti, Liziane Maria de Lima, Rosa Maria Mendes Freire, Péricles de Albuquerque Melo Filho, Roseane Cavalcanti dos Santos*
Department of Postgraduate in Agricultural Sciences, State University of Paraiba, Rua Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, CEP 58429-500 Campina Grande-PB, Brazil
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Cariri, Rua Vereador Sebastião Maciel Lopes, s/n, Muriti, CEP: 63133-610, Crato-CE, Brazil
Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Cotton, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 1143, Centenário, CEP 58428-095, Campina Grande-PB, Brazil
Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Embrapa Cotton, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 1143, Centenário, CEP 58428-095, Campina Grande-PB, Brazil
Department of Agronomy, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE, Brazil
Abstract
In this paper, we estimated the genetic divergence in 77 peanut accessions (subsp. fastigiata), using three clustering methods, in order to identify early-mature genotypes and earliness for food market. The accessions were grown in field and phenotyped for 19 qualitative and quantitative traits. The Tocher methodology was employed for discriminating Valencia accessions. Both UPGMA and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were used to identify and cluster genotypes. The results identified at least, two groups including high yield-earliness (fastigiata) and drought tolerance (vulgaris) accessions, promising for food market.
Pages 1089-1094 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cluster analysis to select peanut drought tolerance lines
Jacqueline Wanessa de Lima Pereira, Elaine Cristina Alves da Silva, Lucas Nunes da Luz, Rejane Jurema Mansur Custódio Nogueira, Péricles de Albuquerque Melo Filho, Liziane Maria de Lima, Roseane Cavalcanti dos Santos*
Northeast Biotechnology Network - RENORBIO, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Cariri, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha, s/n - Cidade Universitária, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
Department of Biology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Cotton, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 1143, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
Abstract
In this work we adopted a clustering method to assist in the selection procedures of intraspecific peanut elite lines, based on molecular tools and physiological, biochemical and agronomic traits. Initially, fourteen intraspecific top lines (F7) were used to identify drought tolerant materials based on SSR markers. Thereafter, the selected lines were submitted to 10 days (d) of water stress and analyzed by physiological (stomata conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis) and biochemical (organic solutes and antioxidative enzymes) traits. We found that all selected top lines showed osmotic adjustment and antioxidant satisfactory front of disturbances caused by water stress. However, based on the clustering analysis the top line L46 was more suitable for semiarid environment, due to agronomic similarity with drought tolerant-BR 1.
Pages 1095-1105 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Eco-physiological behavior and carbon metabolism in young plants of balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidal) under three different water regimes
Glauco André dos Santos Nogueira, Tamires Borges de Oliveira, Ellen Gleyce da Silva Lima, Bruno Moitinho Maltarolo, Wander Luiz da Silva Ataíde, Dielle Thainá de França Teixeira, Raimundo Thiago Lima da Silva, Ismael de Jesus Matos Viégas, Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto*, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa
Engenheiro Agrônomo, estudante de Doutorado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheira Agrônoma, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheira Florestal, estudante de Doutorado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Florestal, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Florestal, estudante de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Estudante de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor Doutor da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor Doutor da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor Doutor do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Biólogo, Professor Doutor do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the eco-physiological and biochemical responses in balsa wood plants (Ochroma pyramidal) under different water regimes. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in July 2013. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design (3×4) with three water conditions: control (irrigated), water deficit and flooding in four periods and 5 replications. The physiological parameters evaluated were (predawn leaf water potential (?am), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E). The biochemical parameters were (abscisic acid, starch concentrations, total soluble carbohydrate and sucrose). The predawn water potential and the variables of gas exchange were significantly decreased under water deficit and flooding. The abscisic acid concentrations showed increases in the same treatments over time. The starch concentrations decreased significantly in plants under water deficit, representing a decrease of 2.06 times.
Pages 1106-1112 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Beneficial repercussion of silicon (Si) application on photosynthetic pigments in maize plants
Maria Antonia Machado Barbosa, Milton Hélio Lima da Silva, Gélia Dinah Monteiro Viana, Tiago Rodrigues Ferreira, Carla Letícia Figueredo de Carvalho Souza, Elaine Maria Silva Guedes Lobato, Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato*
Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Avanaçada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Brazil
Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém Pará, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the compounds linked to oxidative stress and cell damages, besides to evaluate the consequences of exogenous Si application on photosynthetic pigments in maize plants (hybrid 30F53YH Pioneer®). The experiment employed an entirely randomized design with two silicon treatments (0 and 2 mM Si). The silicon application did not cause significant changes in hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde in leaf and root tissues of plant. On the other hand, the exogenous Si induced significant increases in CHL a, CHL b and total CHL.
Pages 1113-1118 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Pattern of allelochemical distribution in leaves and roots of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees.)
Adriana Favaretto*, Sílvia Ortiz Chini, Simone Meredith Scheffer-Basso, Andréa Michel Sobottka, Charise Dallazem Bertol and Naylor Bastiani Perez
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Brazil
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR-285, CEP 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Brazil
Embrapa Pecuária Sul, BR-153, Km 603, CEP 96401-970, Bagé, RS, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and concentration of allelochemicals in the leaves and roots of tough lovegrass. Aqueous extracts (leaves and roots) were prepared and subjected to turboextraction and subsequent lyophilization. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical tests in order to evaluate their alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins content. Post-validation high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was used to evaluate the allelochemicals caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric, vanillic acids, coumarin, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, and kaempferol. Qualitative chemical tests detected the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids in the leaves and roots of tough lovegrass and tannins in only leaves. HPLC assay verified the presence of coumarin in the roots and leaves in equal amounts; ferulic acid in higher quantities in roots; caffeic, p-coumaric, and vanillic acids in higher quantities in leaves; and catechin and epicatechin in leaves only.
Pages 1119-1125 | Full Text PDF
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Brazilian rice genotypes
Glacy Jaqueline da Silva, Railson Schreinert dos Santos, Tatiane Medeiros Souza, Natã Dienes Machado, José Antônio Peters, Antonio Costa de Oliveira*
Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
Department of Botany, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
Abstract
The establishment of an efficient protocol for callus induction is extremely important as a first step towards genetically modified rice (Oryza sativa L.). Since this step is highly dependent on genotype response, research on various cultivars used in southern Brazil, the major rice-producing region of the country, is fundamental. In this paper, protocols for somatic embryogenesis and regeneration were tested in five rice genotypes, four indica (BRS Atalanta, BRS Querência, BRS Sinuelo and IRGA424) and one japonica (Nipponbare), to evaluate the efficiency of two concentrations of 2,4-D (2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) in the induction media. It is shown that callus formation was significantly lower at a 2,4-D concentration of 2.0 mg L-1 than at 4.0 mg L-1. However, plant regeneration at 2.0 mg L-1 2,4-D was better.
Pages 1126-1130 | Full Text PDF
