Volume 9 Issue 3 | March 2015
Table of Contents
9(3) 2015
9(3) 2015
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2015
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | March 2015
Volume 9 Number 3 Year 2015
Volume 9 Number 3 Year 2015
Morphological and taxonomic investigations on a local endemic species: Allium ilgazense N. Φzhatay
Sevgi Acar, Sezgin Ayan and Baris Bani*
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, 37200, Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 37200, Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey
Abstract
The genus Allium is represented by a high number of taxa and a high endemism ratio in Turkey. Moreover, the genus has medicinal and economic importance because some of its species can be regarded as among mankinds the most important and the most ancient cultivated crops (onion, garlic, and leek). In this study, the morphological features and taxonomic status of a local endemic species (Allium ilgazense) were determined and the recommendations dealing with its conservation status were presented.
Pages 175-184 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
.
Tetrasomic inheritance in cultivated potato and implications in conventional breeding
Jane Muthoni*, Jackson Kabira, Hussein Shimelis, Rob Melis
African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X01, Scottsxille 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). National Potato Research Centre, Tigoni, Kenya
Abstract
The commonly cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an autotetraploid (2n=4x=48) that displays tetrasomic inheritance. The potato comprises highly heterozygous individuals which suffer inbreeding depression upon selfing. Due to their tetrasomic inheritance and high level of heterozygosity, tetraploid potatoes can be very productive and stable in various environments compared with their diploid counterparts. However, tetrasomic inheritance makes genetic studies and potato breeding programmes complicated. First, studies for genetic control of a certain character such as disease resistance cannot be done easily due to the complicated hereditary patterns and a large sample size of progeny is required for analyses. Secondly, it is more difficult to improve potatoes at the tetraploid (4x) level than at the diploid (2x) level. In addition, most useful wild and cultivated diploid species which are good sources of pest and disease resistance are not easily crossed with the tetraploid potatoes to recover new individuals with recombined traits. These ploidy differences can be overcome through sexual polyploidization (unreduced gametes), somatic fusion and use of dihaploid technology among other methods.
Pages 185-190 | Full Text PDF
.
Influence of direct and residual phosphorus fertilization on growth and yield of potato in a soybean-potato cropping system
Sushmita Munda*, Bevinahalli G. Shivakumar, Bandla Gangaiah, Kanchikeri M. Manjaiah, Dhayan S. Rana, Jayanta Layek, Lakshman Koneru
Division of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi, India -110012
Division of Crop Production, CRRI, Cuttack, India- 753006
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Regional Station, Dharwad, India- 580 005
Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India- 500 030
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, IARI, New Delhi-110012
Division of Natural Resource Management, ICAR (NEH Region), India-793103
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India-813210
Abstract
Soybean-potato cropping system with proper nutrient management can be an alternative to rice-wheat cropping system. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus (P) with or without biofertilizers (phosphorus solubilising bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae) on soybean-potato cropping system. Application of phosphorus along with biofertilizers to soybean had positive residual effect on the growth (vine length and leaf area index) of succeeding potato. Biofertilizer application recorded an increase of up to 2.7% in starch content over no biofertilizer application. Improved P use indices in biofertilizers applied plots indicated role of these microorganisms in P solubilisation. P nutrition management with biofertilizers in a cropping season can reduce chemical P input requirement and improve overall sustainability of the system.
Pages 191-202 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
.
Effects of planting systems and lime doses on corn-forage intercropping during off-season
Renan Rodrigues Braga*, Josι Barbosa dos Santos, Joγo Pedro Cury, Felipe Paolinelli Carvalho, Daniel Valadγo Silva, Evander Alves Ferreira
Universidade Federal de Viηosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n - Campus Universitαrio, CEP 36570-000, Viηosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Centro de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, n.5000, Alto da Jacuba, CEP 39100000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Santa Clara Agrociκncia Indl Ltda., Rua Antτnio Guerreiro, n.81, Parque Industrial, CEP 14876-270, Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brasil
Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of the planting systems and lime dosages on the corn and forage (Urochloa brizantha) yield, the weed control system and soil seed bank of the corn-forage intercropping system. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. We adopted a split plot 2Χ4 arrangement, consisting of a combination of two planting systems (tillage and no-tillage) as plots with four lime doses (0, 0.83, 1.25 and 2.50 t ha-1) as the subplot. Maximum plant height, stem diameter, dry matter and corn yield were recorded in the no-tillage system, with 311% higher productivity in the no-tillage system compared with the conventional system, regardless of the limestone application. The high production is mainly due to the ability of the no-tillage to retain and provide the corn plants with water.
Pages 203-209 | Full Text PDF
.
Physiological aspects of acacia and eucalyptus in competition with Brachiaria
Mαrcia Vitσria Santos, Evander Alves Ferreira, Leonardo David Tuffi Santos, Dilermando Miranda da Fonseca, Ignacio Aspiazϊ, Daniel Valadγo Silva*, Jorge Marcelo Padovani Porto, Renan Rodrigues Braga
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nΊ 5000 - Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nΊ 5000 - Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Instituto de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitαria, 1000, Bairro Universitαrio, 39404-006, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viηosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viηosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Bairro Bico da Pedra, Caixa Postal 91, Janaϊba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viηosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viηosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological characteristics of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus urophylla Χ grandis in the early stages of development when grown intercropped with forages of the genus Brachiaria. An experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design, in which the treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of 2 Χ 4, being respectively, two tree species (acacia and eucalyptus) and the forage species, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Piatγ, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk grown together with the tree species, plus two additional controls with acacia and eucalyptus grown in monocrop. The coexistence of the forages negatively affects the photosynthetic characteristics of both the tree species. B. decumbens was the species that promoted a negative effect on most of the variables in both acacia as in eucalyptus, presenting a greater competitive capacity among the brachiaria studied.
Pages 210-214 | Full Text PDF
.
Genome-wide identification of miRNAs in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Sai Kumar Kompelli, Venkata Shiva Prasad Kompelli, Chandana Enjala and Prashanth Suravajhala*
Bioclues.org, Kukatpally 500072, Hyderabad, India
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenous small RNAs that play essential roles in plant growth, development and response to biotic and abiotic stress. With the availability of draft genome sequence of pigeonpea, understanding miRNA repertoire of several crops has begun to be facilitated. In the present study, we have attempted to find miRNA sequences in pigeonpea using genome-wide computational approaches. Further whole genome sequence (WGS) based comparative studies using homology and secondary structure analysis was done. A total of 142 potential conserved miRNAs belonging to 48 families were identified and considered for this study. The size of these 48 miRNA families ranged from one to ten members while the length of miRNAs ranged from 19 nt to 24 nt. Furthermore pigeonpea pre-miRNA sequences were identified which varied from 62 to 203 nt while these sequences were found to have high negative minimal folding free energy (MFE), adjusted MFE (AMFE) and MFE index (MFEI) which is in agreement with the published data from crop sequences.
Pages 215-222 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF | Supplementary Data Excel
.
Diversity analysis of papaya (Carica papaya L.) genotypes related to seed quality
Liana Hilda Golin Mengarda, Josι Carlos Lopes*, Rafael Fonseca Zanotti, Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre
Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Federal University of Espνrito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo), Alegre, Espνrito Santo, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, Federal University of Espνrito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo), Alegre, Espνrito Santo, Brazil
3Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Espνrito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo), Alegre, Espνrito Santo, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the genotype of papaya (Carica papaya L.) with the highest initial performance through the analysis of diversity and genetic parameters related to the physicochemical and physiological characteristics of the seeds. Seed quality was assessed through the following parameters: moisture, size, weight, levels of reserves compounds, percentage and speed of germination, percentages of normal and abnormal seedlings, and seedlings length and weight. Clustering methods and the sum of rank index were applied to identify the genotype with the highest initial performance. The characteristics of greatest importance in the discrimination of the genotypes and the genetic parameters for each characteristic were estimated. The genotype Caliman 01 (G4) seeds had the highest mean length (0.55 mm), germination percentage (94%), speed germination index (2.30), and normal seedlings percentage (90%).
Pages 223-231 | Full Text PDF
.
Short-term effects of lime management in soybean no-tillage system implementation in Brazilian savannah
Cedrick Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa, Marlene Estevγo Marchetti, Ademar Pereira Serra*, Milena Soto Maggioni Rosa, Simone Cβndido Ensinas, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Pedro Henrique Altomar, Douglas Costa Potrich, Matheus Andrade Martinez
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post Graduation Program in Agronomy - Vegetable Production, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the effect of lime management under no-till system implementation to evaluate the millet cover crop and soybean performance. This experiment was carried out during the years 2012 and 2013. After 12 months from planting, the lime management promoted chemical and physical changes in soil properties through the profile. The Treat-2 and 3 resulted in better lime incorporation in the layer 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. The highest dry mass of millet was obtained in Treat-2 (6,460 kg ha-1) and Treat-3 (6,690 kg ha-1). The highest soybean productivity (3,330 kg ha-1) was reached in Treat-3. The absence of lime incorporation into the soil caused decrease in millet and soybean production. Even if the soil chemical is adequate for a good performance for crops, the SPR may limit the root development. The Treat-2 and 3 reduced the SPR and increased the vegetable production of soybean and millet.
Pages 232-241 | Full Text PDF
.
Evaluation of teff (Eragrostis tef [Zucc.] Trotter) lines for agronomic traits in Australia
Guta Motuma Bedane*, Alosio Momo Saukuru, Doug Lloyd George, Madan Lal Gupta
The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Gatton Campus QLD, 4343, Australia
Abstract
Teff (Eragrostis tef [Zucc.] Trotter) is a native cereal crop widely grown in Ethiopia as the main grain for local consumption. With the increasing challenge by climate change, there is a need for alternative cereal crops in Australia. However, despite its early introduction in the 1800s, there is limited information on teff production in the country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 20 teff lines using the seed supplied by The Australian Tropical Germplasm Centre at Biloela Research Station (Queensland). A replicated glass house pot trial was carried out to test performance of agronomic traits related to yield. The teff lines were propagated in the glasshouse and data was collected over one growing season and analysed for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, peduncle length, internode length, leaf width and number of tillers. In addition, plant biomass, grain yield and 100 seed weight were determined. Results of this study displayed variability in teff traits demonstrating the potential for a future breeding program.
Pages 242-247 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
.
Simultaneous selection of physic nut genotypes (Jatropha curcas L.) for efficient absorption and utilization of N and P
Lima Deleon Martins*, Wagner Nunes Rodrigues, Leonardo Fardim Christro, Tafarel Victor Colodetti, Sebastiγo Batista Brinate, Josι Francisco Amaral Teixeira, Marcelo Antonio Tomaz, Bruno Galvκas Laviola
Centro de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo (CCA/UFES), Departamento de Produηγo Vegetal, Post Office Box 16, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Centro de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo (CCA/UFES), Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Post Office Box 16, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuαria, Embrapa Agroenergia, Post Office Box 40.315, 70770-90, Brasνlia, DF, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to select genotypes of physic nut for the efficiencies of absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in contrasting environments with high and low availability of N and P in soil. The results showed a significant variation between group of genotypes regarding their efficiency for absorption and utilization of N and P in the different scenarios of availability of nutrients in soil. In total, the minimum supply of N promoted higher efficiency of absorption in the genotypes. The genotypes CNPAE-167-II and CNPAE-180-I presented higher efficiency of absorption and utilization of N, independent of environment, while the genotypes CNPAE 110-II and CNPAE 275-I showed reduced efficiency of absorption and utilization of N. For phosphorus (P), the efficiency of absorption was the major limitation in the simultaneous study of genotypes for both nutritional efficiencies.
Pages 248-255 | Full Text PDF
Sevgi Acar, Sezgin Ayan and Baris Bani*
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, 37200, Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 37200, Kuzeykent, Kastamonu, Turkey
Abstract
The genus Allium is represented by a high number of taxa and a high endemism ratio in Turkey. Moreover, the genus has medicinal and economic importance because some of its species can be regarded as among mankinds the most important and the most ancient cultivated crops (onion, garlic, and leek). In this study, the morphological features and taxonomic status of a local endemic species (Allium ilgazense) were determined and the recommendations dealing with its conservation status were presented.
Pages 175-184 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
.
Tetrasomic inheritance in cultivated potato and implications in conventional breeding
Jane Muthoni*, Jackson Kabira, Hussein Shimelis, Rob Melis
African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X01, Scottsxille 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). National Potato Research Centre, Tigoni, Kenya
Abstract
The commonly cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an autotetraploid (2n=4x=48) that displays tetrasomic inheritance. The potato comprises highly heterozygous individuals which suffer inbreeding depression upon selfing. Due to their tetrasomic inheritance and high level of heterozygosity, tetraploid potatoes can be very productive and stable in various environments compared with their diploid counterparts. However, tetrasomic inheritance makes genetic studies and potato breeding programmes complicated. First, studies for genetic control of a certain character such as disease resistance cannot be done easily due to the complicated hereditary patterns and a large sample size of progeny is required for analyses. Secondly, it is more difficult to improve potatoes at the tetraploid (4x) level than at the diploid (2x) level. In addition, most useful wild and cultivated diploid species which are good sources of pest and disease resistance are not easily crossed with the tetraploid potatoes to recover new individuals with recombined traits. These ploidy differences can be overcome through sexual polyploidization (unreduced gametes), somatic fusion and use of dihaploid technology among other methods.
Pages 185-190 | Full Text PDF
.
Influence of direct and residual phosphorus fertilization on growth and yield of potato in a soybean-potato cropping system
Sushmita Munda*, Bevinahalli G. Shivakumar, Bandla Gangaiah, Kanchikeri M. Manjaiah, Dhayan S. Rana, Jayanta Layek, Lakshman Koneru
Division of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi, India -110012
Division of Crop Production, CRRI, Cuttack, India- 753006
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Regional Station, Dharwad, India- 580 005
Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India- 500 030
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, IARI, New Delhi-110012
Division of Natural Resource Management, ICAR (NEH Region), India-793103
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India-813210
Abstract
Soybean-potato cropping system with proper nutrient management can be an alternative to rice-wheat cropping system. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus (P) with or without biofertilizers (phosphorus solubilising bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae) on soybean-potato cropping system. Application of phosphorus along with biofertilizers to soybean had positive residual effect on the growth (vine length and leaf area index) of succeeding potato. Biofertilizer application recorded an increase of up to 2.7% in starch content over no biofertilizer application. Improved P use indices in biofertilizers applied plots indicated role of these microorganisms in P solubilisation. P nutrition management with biofertilizers in a cropping season can reduce chemical P input requirement and improve overall sustainability of the system.
Pages 191-202 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
.
Effects of planting systems and lime doses on corn-forage intercropping during off-season
Renan Rodrigues Braga*, Josι Barbosa dos Santos, Joγo Pedro Cury, Felipe Paolinelli Carvalho, Daniel Valadγo Silva, Evander Alves Ferreira
Universidade Federal de Viηosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n - Campus Universitαrio, CEP 36570-000, Viηosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Centro de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, n.5000, Alto da Jacuba, CEP 39100000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Santa Clara Agrociκncia Indl Ltda., Rua Antτnio Guerreiro, n.81, Parque Industrial, CEP 14876-270, Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brasil
Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of the planting systems and lime dosages on the corn and forage (Urochloa brizantha) yield, the weed control system and soil seed bank of the corn-forage intercropping system. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. We adopted a split plot 2Χ4 arrangement, consisting of a combination of two planting systems (tillage and no-tillage) as plots with four lime doses (0, 0.83, 1.25 and 2.50 t ha-1) as the subplot. Maximum plant height, stem diameter, dry matter and corn yield were recorded in the no-tillage system, with 311% higher productivity in the no-tillage system compared with the conventional system, regardless of the limestone application. The high production is mainly due to the ability of the no-tillage to retain and provide the corn plants with water.
Pages 203-209 | Full Text PDF
.
Physiological aspects of acacia and eucalyptus in competition with Brachiaria
Mαrcia Vitσria Santos, Evander Alves Ferreira, Leonardo David Tuffi Santos, Dilermando Miranda da Fonseca, Ignacio Aspiazϊ, Daniel Valadγo Silva*, Jorge Marcelo Padovani Porto, Renan Rodrigues Braga
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nΊ 5000 - Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nΊ 5000 - Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Instituto de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitαria, 1000, Bairro Universitαrio, 39404-006, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viηosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viηosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Bairro Bico da Pedra, Caixa Postal 91, Janaϊba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viηosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viηosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological characteristics of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus urophylla Χ grandis in the early stages of development when grown intercropped with forages of the genus Brachiaria. An experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design, in which the treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of 2 Χ 4, being respectively, two tree species (acacia and eucalyptus) and the forage species, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Piatγ, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk grown together with the tree species, plus two additional controls with acacia and eucalyptus grown in monocrop. The coexistence of the forages negatively affects the photosynthetic characteristics of both the tree species. B. decumbens was the species that promoted a negative effect on most of the variables in both acacia as in eucalyptus, presenting a greater competitive capacity among the brachiaria studied.
Pages 210-214 | Full Text PDF
.
Genome-wide identification of miRNAs in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Sai Kumar Kompelli, Venkata Shiva Prasad Kompelli, Chandana Enjala and Prashanth Suravajhala*
Bioclues.org, Kukatpally 500072, Hyderabad, India
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenous small RNAs that play essential roles in plant growth, development and response to biotic and abiotic stress. With the availability of draft genome sequence of pigeonpea, understanding miRNA repertoire of several crops has begun to be facilitated. In the present study, we have attempted to find miRNA sequences in pigeonpea using genome-wide computational approaches. Further whole genome sequence (WGS) based comparative studies using homology and secondary structure analysis was done. A total of 142 potential conserved miRNAs belonging to 48 families were identified and considered for this study. The size of these 48 miRNA families ranged from one to ten members while the length of miRNAs ranged from 19 nt to 24 nt. Furthermore pigeonpea pre-miRNA sequences were identified which varied from 62 to 203 nt while these sequences were found to have high negative minimal folding free energy (MFE), adjusted MFE (AMFE) and MFE index (MFEI) which is in agreement with the published data from crop sequences.
Pages 215-222 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF | Supplementary Data Excel
.
Diversity analysis of papaya (Carica papaya L.) genotypes related to seed quality
Liana Hilda Golin Mengarda, Josι Carlos Lopes*, Rafael Fonseca Zanotti, Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre
Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Federal University of Espνrito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo), Alegre, Espνrito Santo, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, Federal University of Espνrito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo), Alegre, Espνrito Santo, Brazil
3Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Espνrito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo), Alegre, Espνrito Santo, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the genotype of papaya (Carica papaya L.) with the highest initial performance through the analysis of diversity and genetic parameters related to the physicochemical and physiological characteristics of the seeds. Seed quality was assessed through the following parameters: moisture, size, weight, levels of reserves compounds, percentage and speed of germination, percentages of normal and abnormal seedlings, and seedlings length and weight. Clustering methods and the sum of rank index were applied to identify the genotype with the highest initial performance. The characteristics of greatest importance in the discrimination of the genotypes and the genetic parameters for each characteristic were estimated. The genotype Caliman 01 (G4) seeds had the highest mean length (0.55 mm), germination percentage (94%), speed germination index (2.30), and normal seedlings percentage (90%).
Pages 223-231 | Full Text PDF
.
Short-term effects of lime management in soybean no-tillage system implementation in Brazilian savannah
Cedrick Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa, Marlene Estevγo Marchetti, Ademar Pereira Serra*, Milena Soto Maggioni Rosa, Simone Cβndido Ensinas, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Pedro Henrique Altomar, Douglas Costa Potrich, Matheus Andrade Martinez
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post Graduation Program in Agronomy - Vegetable Production, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the effect of lime management under no-till system implementation to evaluate the millet cover crop and soybean performance. This experiment was carried out during the years 2012 and 2013. After 12 months from planting, the lime management promoted chemical and physical changes in soil properties through the profile. The Treat-2 and 3 resulted in better lime incorporation in the layer 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. The highest dry mass of millet was obtained in Treat-2 (6,460 kg ha-1) and Treat-3 (6,690 kg ha-1). The highest soybean productivity (3,330 kg ha-1) was reached in Treat-3. The absence of lime incorporation into the soil caused decrease in millet and soybean production. Even if the soil chemical is adequate for a good performance for crops, the SPR may limit the root development. The Treat-2 and 3 reduced the SPR and increased the vegetable production of soybean and millet.
Pages 232-241 | Full Text PDF
.
Evaluation of teff (Eragrostis tef [Zucc.] Trotter) lines for agronomic traits in Australia
Guta Motuma Bedane*, Alosio Momo Saukuru, Doug Lloyd George, Madan Lal Gupta
The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Gatton Campus QLD, 4343, Australia
Abstract
Teff (Eragrostis tef [Zucc.] Trotter) is a native cereal crop widely grown in Ethiopia as the main grain for local consumption. With the increasing challenge by climate change, there is a need for alternative cereal crops in Australia. However, despite its early introduction in the 1800s, there is limited information on teff production in the country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 20 teff lines using the seed supplied by The Australian Tropical Germplasm Centre at Biloela Research Station (Queensland). A replicated glass house pot trial was carried out to test performance of agronomic traits related to yield. The teff lines were propagated in the glasshouse and data was collected over one growing season and analysed for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, peduncle length, internode length, leaf width and number of tillers. In addition, plant biomass, grain yield and 100 seed weight were determined. Results of this study displayed variability in teff traits demonstrating the potential for a future breeding program.
Pages 242-247 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
.
Simultaneous selection of physic nut genotypes (Jatropha curcas L.) for efficient absorption and utilization of N and P
Lima Deleon Martins*, Wagner Nunes Rodrigues, Leonardo Fardim Christro, Tafarel Victor Colodetti, Sebastiγo Batista Brinate, Josι Francisco Amaral Teixeira, Marcelo Antonio Tomaz, Bruno Galvκas Laviola
Centro de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo (CCA/UFES), Departamento de Produηγo Vegetal, Post Office Box 16, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Centro de Ciκncias Agrαrias, Universidade Federal do Espνrito Santo (CCA/UFES), Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Post Office Box 16, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuαria, Embrapa Agroenergia, Post Office Box 40.315, 70770-90, Brasνlia, DF, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to select genotypes of physic nut for the efficiencies of absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in contrasting environments with high and low availability of N and P in soil. The results showed a significant variation between group of genotypes regarding their efficiency for absorption and utilization of N and P in the different scenarios of availability of nutrients in soil. In total, the minimum supply of N promoted higher efficiency of absorption in the genotypes. The genotypes CNPAE-167-II and CNPAE-180-I presented higher efficiency of absorption and utilization of N, independent of environment, while the genotypes CNPAE 110-II and CNPAE 275-I showed reduced efficiency of absorption and utilization of N. For phosphorus (P), the efficiency of absorption was the major limitation in the simultaneous study of genotypes for both nutritional efficiencies.
Pages 248-255 | Full Text PDF