Volume 9 Issue 6 | June 2015
Table of Contents
9(6) 2015
9(6) 2015
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2015
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | June 2015
Volume 9 Number 6 Year 2015
Volume 9 Number 6 Year 2015
Ion mobility and base saturation after gypsum application in continuous soybean-wheat cropping system under no-till
Leandro Rampim, Maria do Carmo Lana
Center for Agriculture Sciences, Post-graduate Program in Agronomy, West Parana State University- UNIOESTE, Pernambuco Street No. 1777, P.O. Box 9, Zip Code 85960-000, city of Marechal Cโndido Rondon, State of Paranแ, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of surface application of gypsum on the soil chemical properties and ion mobility to increase base saturation in the subsurface of two clayey Rhodic Hapludox with different exchangeable acidity levels, under continuous soybean-wheat cropping in no-tillage system. Treatments consisted of surface application of six gypsum rates [0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 t ha-1 of CaSO4.2H2O (17% Ca and 15% S-SO42-)] arranged in a randomized block design with six replications. The agricultural gypsum use resulted in increase of S-SO4-2 content, Ca2+ content, Ca2+/K++Mg2+ ratio, sum of exchangeable basic cations (SB) and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), as well as in reduction of K++Mg2+ content and aluminum saturation (m%) in the soil profile. The gypsum application increased soil base saturation (V%) in the 0.20-0.40 m layer at both sites. The gypsum application improves of soil chemical properties resulting in increased grain yield of wheat crop.
Pages 468-476 | Full Text PDF
.
Effect of sources and rates of phosphorus associated with filter cake on sugarcane nutrition and yield
Leandro Rosatto Moda*, Renato de Mello Prado1, Gustavo Caione, Cid Naudi Silva Campos, Eloy Colombo da Silva, Rilner Alves Flores
Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 14884-900 - Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cโmpus Universitแrio de Alta Floresta, Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil
Setor de Solos, Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiแs, Goiโnia, GO, Brazil
Abstract
The application of filter cake associated with phosphorous can prevent the adsorption of this nutrient by soil colloids. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sources and rates of phosphorous on the soil P content and in the nutritional status and yield of sugarcane cultivated in Kandiudalf and Haplustox soils in the presence and absence of filter cake. The application of phosphorous in the soil promoted increases in the levels of P-resin in the top layer (0 - 20 cm) of 53 and 807% and in the sub surface layer (20 - 40 cm) of 839 and 432%, regardless of the phosphorous source in Kandiudalf and Haplustox without the use of filter cake, respectively. The increase of phosphorous availability in the soil increased the absorption of this nutrient with the application of P-fertilizer with filter cake.
Pages 477-485 | Full Text PDF
.
Sensory quality of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) genealogic groups using the sensogram and content analysis
Fabrํcio Moreira Sobreira*, Antonio Carlos Baiใo de Oliveira, Antonio Alves Pereira, Milene Francisca Coelho Sobreira, Ney Sussumu Sakyiama
Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assist๊ncia T้cnica e Extensใo Rural (INCAPER), BR 262 km 94, 29375-000, Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES, Brazil
Embrapa Caf้/ Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuแria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Vila Gianeti 46, 36570-000, Vi็osa, MG, Brazil
Faculdade de Venda Nova do Imigrante (FAVENI), Av. ยngelo Alto้, 888, Santa Cruz, 29375-000, Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Vi็osa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs s/nบ, 36570-000, Vi็osa, MG, Brazil
Abstract
This work evaluated the sensory quality of coffee genotype groups, discriminated by their genealogical origin, based on current methodology of the specialty coffee market and use of the "Sensogram" and content analysis as complementary methodologies. We assessed forty-one Coffea arabica genotypes, comprising six groups: Bourbon, Caturra, Hํbrido de Timor (HT), Catimor, Traditional Cultivars (Mundo Novo and Catuaํ), and HT Derived Cultivars (Pau-Brasil MG 1, Paraํso MG H419-1, Catiguแ MG 2 and Obatใ IAC 1669-20) in the randomized block design with two replications. Higher intragroup genetic variability was verified for sweetness, flavor and aftertaste on the standard grading scale. The results showed that the HT derived cultivars group was superior to the others with regards to the Final Score of coffee quality. It presented a confidence interval (85 to 89 points) for classification as an excellent specialty coffee.
Pages 486-493 | Full Text PDF
.
Relationship between heterosis and genetic diversity in Indian pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] accessions using multivariate cluster analysis and heterotic grouping
Praveen Pandey*, Vankat R. Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar, Sunil Yadav, Dinesh Tiwari, Rajesh Kumar
Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024 (U.P.) India
Narendra Deva University of Agriculture &Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224229 (U.P.), India
Jawahar Lal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Rewa-486001 (M.P.) India
Abstract
An attempt was made to assess relationship between heterosis and genetic diversity as well as forming heterotic groups for pigeonpea breeding. Three CMS lines were crossed with 20 elite genotypes/restorers in a line x tester mating system and the resultant 60 F1 hybrids along with their parents were evaluated for various morphological traits to predict the genetic relationship among parents and heterosis in their crosses. The parental genotypes under study fell into five distinct non-overlapping clusters. Maximum intra-cluster distance was in cluster III (263.80) followed by cluster IV (253.62) and cluster I (244.81). The inter-cluster distances varied from 299.93 (between cluster I and II) to 727.79 (between cluster II and IV). Generally, the crosses derived from high diversity group showed high positive significant heterosis for seed yield.
Pages 494-503 | Full Text PDF
.
Effects of biofertilizers produced from rocks, organic matter enrich in N, and inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria on sugarcane yield
Fernando Luiz Nunes Oliveira, Newton Pereira Stamford, Djalma Sim๕es Neto, Emํdio Cantํdio Almeida Oliveira*, Wanderson Silva Oliveira, Carolina Etienne de Rosแlia e Silva Santos
Department of Agronomy, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, 52.171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Sugarcane Experimental Station of Carpina, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, 55.810-700, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizer produced from P and K rocks and organic matter (earthworm compound) (OM) enrich in N, and inoculation with free living diazotrophic bacteria on sugarcane yield and technological characteristics. At harvest, the plant height, stalk diameter and yield, dry biomass (tops, leaves and stalks), soluble solids, sucrose, purity and total sugars were determined. The results showed that the biofertilizers increased sugarcane productivity. The best yield obtained when filter mud cake (FMC) along with NPKB were used, and NPKF applied in recommended rate (RR). The interaction between FMC and NPKB showed a great effect in plant characteristics. Based on results of this study, the NPKB is suggested as potential alternative for mineral fertilizers.
Pages 504-508 | Full Text PDF
.
Influence of El Ni๑o and La Ni๑a on sugarcane yield and sucrose production in northern Sใo Paulo, Brazil
Glauco de Souza Rolim, Natแlia Buzinaro Caporusso, Victor Brunini Moreto*, Ang้lica Prela-Pantano
Faculdade de Ci๊ncias Agrแrias e Veterinแrias - UNESP. Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP. Brasil
Ag๊ncia Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agroneg๓cios, Instituto Agron๔mico de Campinas. Brasil
Abstract
The El Ni๑o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the global agriculture globally, with complex effects on crop yields in the state of Sใo Paulo in Brazil. We assessed the effects of ENSO on the yield of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) (tonnes of sugarcane per hectare -TSH) and total recoverable sugar (TRS) at Jaboticabal, one of the most important Brazilian sugarcane producing regions. We determined Pearson linear correlation coefficients monthly and annually to analyze the interactions of TSH and TRS with climatic parameters associated with El Ni๑o (EN), La Ni๑a (LN) and neutrals (NE) years. The annual yield of sugarcane was highly variable, but TSH tended to be higher in NE years, followed by, EN and LN years, and TRS was higher in LN years, followed by NE and EN years. Conditions of the higher soil water storage (STO) and water excess (EXC) led to the higher TSH in NE years.
Pages 509-516 | Full Text PDF
.
Biochemical and physiological responses of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) seedlings subjected to water deficit
Ellen Gleyce da Silva Lima, Tamires Borges de Oliveira, Susana Silva Concei็ใo, Wander Luiz da Silva Ataํde, Bruno Moitinho Maltarolo, Glauco Andr้ dos Santos Nogueira, Cโndido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto*, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura
Forest Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz๔nia, Bel้m city, Parแ State, Brazil
Agronomy Department, Universidade Federal do Cearแ, Fortaleza city, Cearแ State, Brazil
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) seedlings submitted to two water regimes. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz๔nia in Bel้m city, State of Parแ, Brazil, in the period from September to November of 2013. A completely randomized design with two water conditions was used as follows: control and water deficit, with 15 replications, totaling 30 experimental units. During the experimental period, the control plants were irrigated daily for replacement of evaporated water. The results showed that suspension of irrigation during 25 days of experiment period promoted a considerable reduction of the water potential (?am) of plants grown under water deficit. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed decrease in non-irrigated plants, with the increase of water deficit period. The water deficit induced an increase in the concentrations of sucrose, free proline and glycine-betaine, as well as in total soluble carbohydrates, both in the leaves and in the roots.
Pages 517-522 | Full Text PDF
.
Negative interference on growth and morpho-anatomical modifications in young Parkia gigantocarpa plants under waterlogging
Waldemar Viana Andrade J๚nior, Benedito Gomes Santos Filho, Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato, Daniel Kean Yuen Tan, Cโndido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto*, Angelo Cleiton da Costa Pereira, Raimundo Lแzaro Moraes da Cunha, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa, Tatiani Yuriko Souza Kikuchi, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura
Instituto de Ci๊ncias Agrแrias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz๔nia, Bel้m, Parแ, Brazil
N๚cleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Bแsica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz๔nia, Paragominas, Parแ, Brazil
Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Laborat๓rio de Anatomia Vegetal, Coordena็ใo de Botโnica, Museu Paraense Emํlio Goeldi, Bel้m, Parแ, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the responses linked to growth and morphological and anatomical changes in young plants of Parkia gigantocarpa subjected to waterlogging conditions. The parameters evaluated were leaf specific hydraulic conductance, plant height, stem diameter, numbers of leaf and leaflets, as well as shoot dry matter, root dry matter, and total dry matter. Additionally, transversal sections linked to primary and secondary roots were described. The segments from the primary root (removed from region located 4 cm below of the soil surface) and the secondary root (removed from region located 4 cm from the root apex) were fixed, stained and mounted, and subsequently photo-documented. The waterlogging provoked reduction in leaf specific hydraulic conductance, as well as negative interferences on growth. Anatomically, this stress induced the appearance of hypertrophic lenticels in base of the stem, adventitious root and formation of schizogenous aerenchyma located in cortical parenchyma of the secondary root.
Pages 523-531 | Full Text PDF
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Antifungal effects of basil and camphor essential oils against Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus
Asmaa Abdelhamid Mokbel*, Asmaa Ahmed Alharbi
Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the frequency of occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi associated with peanut seeds. Under UV light of 365 nm wavelength, the presence or absence of fluorescence which surrounding the colonies of A. flavus or A. parasiticus isolates was determined and expressed as positive (+) or negative (-) signs. The efficacy of five concentrations of basil and camphor essential oils on growth and aflatoxin production for isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus were evaluated under laboratory conditions using UV light. Results indicated that the most prevalent fungi, associated with peanut cvs. were A. flavus and A. parasitica with frequency of occurrence (FO) 22.5- 40.0 %. A. flavus and A. parasiticus showed high bright fluorescence, which expressed as a high potential of aflatoxin production. Treatments with the fungicide Benlateฎ and the higher tested concentration of 3.0 ตl/ml of basil and camphor essential oils resulted in great inhibitions (73.3-93.3%) in linear growth of both A. flavus and A. parasiticus.
Pages 532-537 | Full Text PDF
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Genetic diversity in new chickpea accessions for fusarium wilt resistance, canopy temperature and yield components under drought milieus
Muhammad Naveed*, Muhammad Shafiq, Chaudhry Muhammad Rafiq, Muhammad Afzal Zahid
Pulses Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abstract
Searching newly developed chickpea genotypes for the desirable recombinants possessing wilt resistance along with other yield components was the objective of this experiment. Sixty accessions were laid out in an alpha lattice design with two replications. Analysis of variance for various traits revealed significant diversity among the genotypes which can be exploited for the development of superior chickpea segregants in production improvement programs. High to moderate estimates of heritability and genetic advance were recorded for fusarium wilt incidence, days to 50% flowering, total branches per plant, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, grain yield and harvest index. Significant relationship of grain yield with these characters was further established by means of principal component analysis.
Pages 538-544 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
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Software for the management of weather stations and for agrometeorological calculations
Nilva Alice Gaspar, Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira Aparecido*, Glauco de Souza Rolim, Paulo Sergio de Souza, Tiago Gon็alves Botelho
IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Muzambinho, Muzambinho, MG, Brazil
UNESP, Sใo Paulo State University, Department of Exact Sciences, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Abstract
Surface weather stations in agricultural areas are commonly managed non-professionally, usually in areas with more than one station. Climate is defined as the average meteorological conditions of a region, and knowledge of climate is essential for agricultural development. We have developed a program for the management of meteorological data from different automatic weather stations capable of estimating evapotranspiration, water-balance components, and crop yields. The software System for Water Balance (SYSWAB) was developed using Java as the programming language and MySQL as the database management system. The user can choose among 6 evapotranspiration models in the system, the water balance calculations followed the Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) model. The software calculates the potential and actual yield following the Doorenbos and Kassam (1979) method (FAO). The program can be downloaded free of charge at: <http://comp.muz.ifsuldeminas.edu.br/index.php?op=downloads-sw&id=0>.
Pages 545-551 | Full Text PDF
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Dry mass, nutrient concentration and accumulation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) influenced by nitrogen and potassium fertilizations
Ellen Cristina Alves de Anic้sio, Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva*, Tonny Jos้ Ara๚jo da Silva, Mแrcio Koetz
Instituto of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) rates on dry mass, nutrient concentration and accumulation in safflower. The following productive characteristics were evaluated: shoot dry mass and head dry mass; the following nutritional characteristics were evaluated: nitrogen and potassium concentration and nitrogen and potassium accumulation in the shoot and in the heads. There was no significant interaction between nitrogen and potassium, with an isolated effect of the factors for all of the variables. Nitrogen fertilization increased all of the variables and adjusted the quadratic regression model, except for the nitrogen concentration in the shoot and in the heads as described by a linear regression model. Potassium fertilization increased all of the variables, adjusting the linear regression model. Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in isolation positively influenced the production and nutrition of safflower plants.
Pages 552-560 | Full Text PDF
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Nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) can be used as indicators of nitrogen status in eucalyptus clones
Eric Victor de Oliveira Ferreira*, Roberto Ferreira Novais, Flแvia Aparecida dos Santos, Cleberson Ribeiro, Nairam F้lix Barros
Departamento de Ci๊ncias Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de Sใo Paulo, Brazil
Instituto de Ci๊ncias Agrแrias, Campus de Rio Paranaํba, Universidade Federal de Vi็osa, Brazil
Departamento de Solos, Campus de Vi็osa, Universidade Federal de Vi็osa, Brazil
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Campus de Vi็osa, Universidade Federal de Vi็osa, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the activities of NR and GS as indicators of the status of N in eucalyptus clones grown under different conditions of N supply. We evaluated the total N and total protein contents and enzymatic activities of NR and GS in the leaves. In the greenhouse, the clone I-144 took up less N, inducing less protein synthesis; however, it reduced and assimilated more N (greater NR and GS activity), which resulted in greater dry matter production compared to VM-01. Enzyme activity was negatively affected by greater N supply (r= -0.58 for NR and r= -0.50 for GS), probably through an inhibitory effect from both NO3- (substrate of NR) and NH4+ (substrate of GS) at high concentrations. In the greenhouse, the activity of these enzymes also showed negative correlation with the leaf content of total N (r= -0.79 for NR and r= -0.69 for GS) of the eucalyptus clones.
Pages 561-569 | Full Text PDF
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Induced resistance in potato plants against verticillium wilt invoked by chitosan and Acibenzolar-S-methyl
Jahanshir Amini*
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy two elicitors including Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Chitosan as plant activator in controlling of potato verticillium wilt in vitro and greenhouse conditions. ASM and chitosan were tested in vitro using Potato dextrose Agar (PDA) amended with five concentrations (0, 5, 50, 100, 500 ตg a.i./ml). All the concentration of Chitosan reduced radial growth of V. dahliae in vitro significantly (p < 0.05) after 120 h (9 to 57.5%), whereas, ASM did not significantly reduce on the growth of pathogen in vitro and reduced radial growth of pathogen very less (5.4 to 16.9%). The effective concentration of Chitosan that reduced the radial growth of V. dahliae to 50% (EC50) was 258.28 ตg/ml.
Pages 570-576 | Full Text PDF
Leandro Rampim, Maria do Carmo Lana
Center for Agriculture Sciences, Post-graduate Program in Agronomy, West Parana State University- UNIOESTE, Pernambuco Street No. 1777, P.O. Box 9, Zip Code 85960-000, city of Marechal Cโndido Rondon, State of Paranแ, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of surface application of gypsum on the soil chemical properties and ion mobility to increase base saturation in the subsurface of two clayey Rhodic Hapludox with different exchangeable acidity levels, under continuous soybean-wheat cropping in no-tillage system. Treatments consisted of surface application of six gypsum rates [0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 t ha-1 of CaSO4.2H2O (17% Ca and 15% S-SO42-)] arranged in a randomized block design with six replications. The agricultural gypsum use resulted in increase of S-SO4-2 content, Ca2+ content, Ca2+/K++Mg2+ ratio, sum of exchangeable basic cations (SB) and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), as well as in reduction of K++Mg2+ content and aluminum saturation (m%) in the soil profile. The gypsum application increased soil base saturation (V%) in the 0.20-0.40 m layer at both sites. The gypsum application improves of soil chemical properties resulting in increased grain yield of wheat crop.
Pages 468-476 | Full Text PDF
.
Effect of sources and rates of phosphorus associated with filter cake on sugarcane nutrition and yield
Leandro Rosatto Moda*, Renato de Mello Prado1, Gustavo Caione, Cid Naudi Silva Campos, Eloy Colombo da Silva, Rilner Alves Flores
Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 14884-900 - Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cโmpus Universitแrio de Alta Floresta, Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil
Setor de Solos, Escola de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Goiแs, Goiโnia, GO, Brazil
Abstract
The application of filter cake associated with phosphorous can prevent the adsorption of this nutrient by soil colloids. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sources and rates of phosphorous on the soil P content and in the nutritional status and yield of sugarcane cultivated in Kandiudalf and Haplustox soils in the presence and absence of filter cake. The application of phosphorous in the soil promoted increases in the levels of P-resin in the top layer (0 - 20 cm) of 53 and 807% and in the sub surface layer (20 - 40 cm) of 839 and 432%, regardless of the phosphorous source in Kandiudalf and Haplustox without the use of filter cake, respectively. The increase of phosphorous availability in the soil increased the absorption of this nutrient with the application of P-fertilizer with filter cake.
Pages 477-485 | Full Text PDF
.
Sensory quality of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) genealogic groups using the sensogram and content analysis
Fabrํcio Moreira Sobreira*, Antonio Carlos Baiใo de Oliveira, Antonio Alves Pereira, Milene Francisca Coelho Sobreira, Ney Sussumu Sakyiama
Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assist๊ncia T้cnica e Extensใo Rural (INCAPER), BR 262 km 94, 29375-000, Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES, Brazil
Embrapa Caf้/ Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuแria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Vila Gianeti 46, 36570-000, Vi็osa, MG, Brazil
Faculdade de Venda Nova do Imigrante (FAVENI), Av. ยngelo Alto้, 888, Santa Cruz, 29375-000, Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES, Brazil
Universidade Federal de Vi็osa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs s/nบ, 36570-000, Vi็osa, MG, Brazil
Abstract
This work evaluated the sensory quality of coffee genotype groups, discriminated by their genealogical origin, based on current methodology of the specialty coffee market and use of the "Sensogram" and content analysis as complementary methodologies. We assessed forty-one Coffea arabica genotypes, comprising six groups: Bourbon, Caturra, Hํbrido de Timor (HT), Catimor, Traditional Cultivars (Mundo Novo and Catuaํ), and HT Derived Cultivars (Pau-Brasil MG 1, Paraํso MG H419-1, Catiguแ MG 2 and Obatใ IAC 1669-20) in the randomized block design with two replications. Higher intragroup genetic variability was verified for sweetness, flavor and aftertaste on the standard grading scale. The results showed that the HT derived cultivars group was superior to the others with regards to the Final Score of coffee quality. It presented a confidence interval (85 to 89 points) for classification as an excellent specialty coffee.
Pages 486-493 | Full Text PDF
.
Relationship between heterosis and genetic diversity in Indian pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] accessions using multivariate cluster analysis and heterotic grouping
Praveen Pandey*, Vankat R. Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar, Sunil Yadav, Dinesh Tiwari, Rajesh Kumar
Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024 (U.P.) India
Narendra Deva University of Agriculture &Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224229 (U.P.), India
Jawahar Lal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Rewa-486001 (M.P.) India
Abstract
An attempt was made to assess relationship between heterosis and genetic diversity as well as forming heterotic groups for pigeonpea breeding. Three CMS lines were crossed with 20 elite genotypes/restorers in a line x tester mating system and the resultant 60 F1 hybrids along with their parents were evaluated for various morphological traits to predict the genetic relationship among parents and heterosis in their crosses. The parental genotypes under study fell into five distinct non-overlapping clusters. Maximum intra-cluster distance was in cluster III (263.80) followed by cluster IV (253.62) and cluster I (244.81). The inter-cluster distances varied from 299.93 (between cluster I and II) to 727.79 (between cluster II and IV). Generally, the crosses derived from high diversity group showed high positive significant heterosis for seed yield.
Pages 494-503 | Full Text PDF
.
Effects of biofertilizers produced from rocks, organic matter enrich in N, and inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria on sugarcane yield
Fernando Luiz Nunes Oliveira, Newton Pereira Stamford, Djalma Sim๕es Neto, Emํdio Cantํdio Almeida Oliveira*, Wanderson Silva Oliveira, Carolina Etienne de Rosแlia e Silva Santos
Department of Agronomy, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, 52.171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Sugarcane Experimental Station of Carpina, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, 55.810-700, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizer produced from P and K rocks and organic matter (earthworm compound) (OM) enrich in N, and inoculation with free living diazotrophic bacteria on sugarcane yield and technological characteristics. At harvest, the plant height, stalk diameter and yield, dry biomass (tops, leaves and stalks), soluble solids, sucrose, purity and total sugars were determined. The results showed that the biofertilizers increased sugarcane productivity. The best yield obtained when filter mud cake (FMC) along with NPKB were used, and NPKF applied in recommended rate (RR). The interaction between FMC and NPKB showed a great effect in plant characteristics. Based on results of this study, the NPKB is suggested as potential alternative for mineral fertilizers.
Pages 504-508 | Full Text PDF
.
Influence of El Ni๑o and La Ni๑a on sugarcane yield and sucrose production in northern Sใo Paulo, Brazil
Glauco de Souza Rolim, Natแlia Buzinaro Caporusso, Victor Brunini Moreto*, Ang้lica Prela-Pantano
Faculdade de Ci๊ncias Agrแrias e Veterinแrias - UNESP. Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP. Brasil
Ag๊ncia Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agroneg๓cios, Instituto Agron๔mico de Campinas. Brasil
Abstract
The El Ni๑o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the global agriculture globally, with complex effects on crop yields in the state of Sใo Paulo in Brazil. We assessed the effects of ENSO on the yield of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) (tonnes of sugarcane per hectare -TSH) and total recoverable sugar (TRS) at Jaboticabal, one of the most important Brazilian sugarcane producing regions. We determined Pearson linear correlation coefficients monthly and annually to analyze the interactions of TSH and TRS with climatic parameters associated with El Ni๑o (EN), La Ni๑a (LN) and neutrals (NE) years. The annual yield of sugarcane was highly variable, but TSH tended to be higher in NE years, followed by, EN and LN years, and TRS was higher in LN years, followed by NE and EN years. Conditions of the higher soil water storage (STO) and water excess (EXC) led to the higher TSH in NE years.
Pages 509-516 | Full Text PDF
.
Biochemical and physiological responses of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) seedlings subjected to water deficit
Ellen Gleyce da Silva Lima, Tamires Borges de Oliveira, Susana Silva Concei็ใo, Wander Luiz da Silva Ataํde, Bruno Moitinho Maltarolo, Glauco Andr้ dos Santos Nogueira, Cโndido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto*, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura
Forest Science Department, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz๔nia, Bel้m city, Parแ State, Brazil
Agronomy Department, Universidade Federal do Cearแ, Fortaleza city, Cearแ State, Brazil
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) seedlings submitted to two water regimes. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz๔nia in Bel้m city, State of Parแ, Brazil, in the period from September to November of 2013. A completely randomized design with two water conditions was used as follows: control and water deficit, with 15 replications, totaling 30 experimental units. During the experimental period, the control plants were irrigated daily for replacement of evaporated water. The results showed that suspension of irrigation during 25 days of experiment period promoted a considerable reduction of the water potential (?am) of plants grown under water deficit. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed decrease in non-irrigated plants, with the increase of water deficit period. The water deficit induced an increase in the concentrations of sucrose, free proline and glycine-betaine, as well as in total soluble carbohydrates, both in the leaves and in the roots.
Pages 517-522 | Full Text PDF
.
Negative interference on growth and morpho-anatomical modifications in young Parkia gigantocarpa plants under waterlogging
Waldemar Viana Andrade J๚nior, Benedito Gomes Santos Filho, Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato, Daniel Kean Yuen Tan, Cโndido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto*, Angelo Cleiton da Costa Pereira, Raimundo Lแzaro Moraes da Cunha, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa, Tatiani Yuriko Souza Kikuchi, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura
Instituto de Ci๊ncias Agrแrias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz๔nia, Bel้m, Parแ, Brazil
N๚cleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Bแsica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz๔nia, Paragominas, Parแ, Brazil
Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Laborat๓rio de Anatomia Vegetal, Coordena็ใo de Botโnica, Museu Paraense Emํlio Goeldi, Bel้m, Parแ, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the responses linked to growth and morphological and anatomical changes in young plants of Parkia gigantocarpa subjected to waterlogging conditions. The parameters evaluated were leaf specific hydraulic conductance, plant height, stem diameter, numbers of leaf and leaflets, as well as shoot dry matter, root dry matter, and total dry matter. Additionally, transversal sections linked to primary and secondary roots were described. The segments from the primary root (removed from region located 4 cm below of the soil surface) and the secondary root (removed from region located 4 cm from the root apex) were fixed, stained and mounted, and subsequently photo-documented. The waterlogging provoked reduction in leaf specific hydraulic conductance, as well as negative interferences on growth. Anatomically, this stress induced the appearance of hypertrophic lenticels in base of the stem, adventitious root and formation of schizogenous aerenchyma located in cortical parenchyma of the secondary root.
Pages 523-531 | Full Text PDF
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Antifungal effects of basil and camphor essential oils against Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus
Asmaa Abdelhamid Mokbel*, Asmaa Ahmed Alharbi
Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the frequency of occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi associated with peanut seeds. Under UV light of 365 nm wavelength, the presence or absence of fluorescence which surrounding the colonies of A. flavus or A. parasiticus isolates was determined and expressed as positive (+) or negative (-) signs. The efficacy of five concentrations of basil and camphor essential oils on growth and aflatoxin production for isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus were evaluated under laboratory conditions using UV light. Results indicated that the most prevalent fungi, associated with peanut cvs. were A. flavus and A. parasitica with frequency of occurrence (FO) 22.5- 40.0 %. A. flavus and A. parasiticus showed high bright fluorescence, which expressed as a high potential of aflatoxin production. Treatments with the fungicide Benlateฎ and the higher tested concentration of 3.0 ตl/ml of basil and camphor essential oils resulted in great inhibitions (73.3-93.3%) in linear growth of both A. flavus and A. parasiticus.
Pages 532-537 | Full Text PDF
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Genetic diversity in new chickpea accessions for fusarium wilt resistance, canopy temperature and yield components under drought milieus
Muhammad Naveed*, Muhammad Shafiq, Chaudhry Muhammad Rafiq, Muhammad Afzal Zahid
Pulses Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abstract
Searching newly developed chickpea genotypes for the desirable recombinants possessing wilt resistance along with other yield components was the objective of this experiment. Sixty accessions were laid out in an alpha lattice design with two replications. Analysis of variance for various traits revealed significant diversity among the genotypes which can be exploited for the development of superior chickpea segregants in production improvement programs. High to moderate estimates of heritability and genetic advance were recorded for fusarium wilt incidence, days to 50% flowering, total branches per plant, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, grain yield and harvest index. Significant relationship of grain yield with these characters was further established by means of principal component analysis.
Pages 538-544 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
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Software for the management of weather stations and for agrometeorological calculations
Nilva Alice Gaspar, Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira Aparecido*, Glauco de Souza Rolim, Paulo Sergio de Souza, Tiago Gon็alves Botelho
IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Muzambinho, Muzambinho, MG, Brazil
UNESP, Sใo Paulo State University, Department of Exact Sciences, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Abstract
Surface weather stations in agricultural areas are commonly managed non-professionally, usually in areas with more than one station. Climate is defined as the average meteorological conditions of a region, and knowledge of climate is essential for agricultural development. We have developed a program for the management of meteorological data from different automatic weather stations capable of estimating evapotranspiration, water-balance components, and crop yields. The software System for Water Balance (SYSWAB) was developed using Java as the programming language and MySQL as the database management system. The user can choose among 6 evapotranspiration models in the system, the water balance calculations followed the Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) model. The software calculates the potential and actual yield following the Doorenbos and Kassam (1979) method (FAO). The program can be downloaded free of charge at: <http://comp.muz.ifsuldeminas.edu.br/index.php?op=downloads-sw&id=0>.
Pages 545-551 | Full Text PDF
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Dry mass, nutrient concentration and accumulation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) influenced by nitrogen and potassium fertilizations
Ellen Cristina Alves de Anic้sio, Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva*, Tonny Jos้ Ara๚jo da Silva, Mแrcio Koetz
Instituto of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) rates on dry mass, nutrient concentration and accumulation in safflower. The following productive characteristics were evaluated: shoot dry mass and head dry mass; the following nutritional characteristics were evaluated: nitrogen and potassium concentration and nitrogen and potassium accumulation in the shoot and in the heads. There was no significant interaction between nitrogen and potassium, with an isolated effect of the factors for all of the variables. Nitrogen fertilization increased all of the variables and adjusted the quadratic regression model, except for the nitrogen concentration in the shoot and in the heads as described by a linear regression model. Potassium fertilization increased all of the variables, adjusting the linear regression model. Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in isolation positively influenced the production and nutrition of safflower plants.
Pages 552-560 | Full Text PDF
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Nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) can be used as indicators of nitrogen status in eucalyptus clones
Eric Victor de Oliveira Ferreira*, Roberto Ferreira Novais, Flแvia Aparecida dos Santos, Cleberson Ribeiro, Nairam F้lix Barros
Departamento de Ci๊ncias Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de Sใo Paulo, Brazil
Instituto de Ci๊ncias Agrแrias, Campus de Rio Paranaํba, Universidade Federal de Vi็osa, Brazil
Departamento de Solos, Campus de Vi็osa, Universidade Federal de Vi็osa, Brazil
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Campus de Vi็osa, Universidade Federal de Vi็osa, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the activities of NR and GS as indicators of the status of N in eucalyptus clones grown under different conditions of N supply. We evaluated the total N and total protein contents and enzymatic activities of NR and GS in the leaves. In the greenhouse, the clone I-144 took up less N, inducing less protein synthesis; however, it reduced and assimilated more N (greater NR and GS activity), which resulted in greater dry matter production compared to VM-01. Enzyme activity was negatively affected by greater N supply (r= -0.58 for NR and r= -0.50 for GS), probably through an inhibitory effect from both NO3- (substrate of NR) and NH4+ (substrate of GS) at high concentrations. In the greenhouse, the activity of these enzymes also showed negative correlation with the leaf content of total N (r= -0.79 for NR and r= -0.69 for GS) of the eucalyptus clones.
Pages 561-569 | Full Text PDF
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Induced resistance in potato plants against verticillium wilt invoked by chitosan and Acibenzolar-S-methyl
Jahanshir Amini*
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy two elicitors including Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Chitosan as plant activator in controlling of potato verticillium wilt in vitro and greenhouse conditions. ASM and chitosan were tested in vitro using Potato dextrose Agar (PDA) amended with five concentrations (0, 5, 50, 100, 500 ตg a.i./ml). All the concentration of Chitosan reduced radial growth of V. dahliae in vitro significantly (p < 0.05) after 120 h (9 to 57.5%), whereas, ASM did not significantly reduce on the growth of pathogen in vitro and reduced radial growth of pathogen very less (5.4 to 16.9%). The effective concentration of Chitosan that reduced the radial growth of V. dahliae to 50% (EC50) was 258.28 ตg/ml.
Pages 570-576 | Full Text PDF
