Volume 9 Issue 2 | February 2015
Table of Contents
9(2) 2015
9(2) 2015
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2015
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | February 2015
Volume 9 Number 2 Year 2015
Volume 9 Number 2 Year 2015
Genotypes, geographical regions and solvents dependent antioxidant activity of Rumex patientia L. in cold desert of trans-Himalaya Ladakh, India
Jagdish Singh Arya*, Narendra Singh, Tsewang Rinchen, Samar Bahadur Maurya, Girish Korekar
Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, DRDO, Leh, Jammu and Kashmir, 194101, India
Abstract
Indus, Nubra and Suru are three geographically different Indian trans-Himalayan regions. Ten plants from each region were studied to find out the variations in total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Rumex leaves. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent assay was used to determine the TPC, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) for free radical scavenging activity. Total antioxidant power was determined by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Genotypes belonging to Indus valley show highest TPC (797.59 mg GAE /100 g FW), DPPH (1.06 mg mL-1), ABTS (1.54 mg mL-1) and FRAP (0.248 mg mL-1) among the regions studied.
Pages 98-104 | Full Text PDF
Effect of 2,4-D on fruit sugar accumulation and invertase activity in sweet orange cv. Salustiana
Alexander Rebolledo Roa*, Amparo Garcνa-Luνs, Josι Luνs Guardiola Barcena(R.I.P), Consuelo Monerri Huguet
Corporaciσn Colombiana de Investigaciσn Agropecuaria - CORPOICA, C.I. Palmira Unidad de Fisiologνa, Colombia
Universidad Politιcnica de Valencia. Espaρa. Departamento de Producciσn Vegetal, Spain
Abstract
The effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applications on fruit growth, sugar content, and invertase activity was studied on sweet orange fruit on 20-year-old trees of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Salustiana. Carbohydrates were quantified via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the sugars released by the invertase activity with the Somogy-Nelson method. Then, the growth variables of the fruit were characterized (diameter and fresh and dry weight). The results showed that application of 2,4-D (20 mgL-1, 3.6 L per tree) increased fruit size at maturity (5 mm). Application of 2,4-D increased sugar levels in the fruit and influenced the activity of the different invertase isoforms.
Pages 105-111 | Full Text PDF
Phytosociological characterization of weed species as affected by soil management
Rafael C. dos Santos, Evander Alves Ferreira, Josι Barbosa dos Santos, Maxwel Coura Oliveira, Daniel Valadγo Silva, Gustavo Antτnio Mendes Pereira, Leandro Galon, Ignacio Aspiazϊ, Norton Pinto de Mattos
Depto. de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viηosa - UFV, Campus Viηosa-MG, Brazil
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Campus Diamantina-MG, Brazil
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, UNL, Lincoln-NE, United States
Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - UFFS, Campus Erechim-RS, Brazil
Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - UNIMONTES, Campus Janaϊba-MG, Brazil
Abstract
Under tropical environments, the soil seed bank ensures floristic diversity and raises the ability of weeds to infest the area repeatedly whn weed/soil management practices are applied. The objective of this study is to identify weed species emerged phyto-sociologically from different depths in soils with distinct uses. The results showed that a total of 32 species were emerged in the samples. The higher similarity of plant species was observed in the upper layer of soil by decreasing in the total number of species where depth increased. For areas with lower machine traffic and/or trampling by animals, i.e, with less compaction, the greatest similarity of plant species was observed in the upper layer, indicating either a decrease in number of seeds or increase in seed dormancy as depth increased/ or both of them. Results showed that the management applied in each area promotes changes in the seed bank also as a function of soil depth.
Pages 112-119 | Full Text PDF
Agronomic performance and profitability of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping in the Brazilian semiarid region
Alexson Filgueiras Dutra, Alberto Soares de Melo*, Wellison Filgueiras Dutra, Flaviana Gonηalves da Silva, Izaac Menezes de Oliveira, Janivan Fernandes Suassuna and Josι Germano Vιras Neto
Departament of Agronomy, Paulistan State University Jϊlio de Mesquita, Jaboticabal-Sγo Paulo, Brazil
Departament of Biology, Paraνba State University, Rua Baraϊnas, 351, Bodocongσ, Campina Grande, Paraνba, Brazil
Departament of Agronomy, Sergipe Federal University, Av. Marechal Cβndido Random, Sγo Cristσvγo, Sergipe, Brazil
Academic United of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av, Jairo Vieira de Feitosa, Pereiros, Pombal, Paraνba, Brazil
Departament of Chemistry, Paraνba State University, Rua Baraϊnas, 351, Bodocongσ, Campina Grande, Paraνba, Brazil
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate advantages, yield, cost of production and profitability in the intercropping castor/peanut as a function of sowing time. The castor genotype (BRS Energia) and peanut (BR-1) were grown in monocropping and intercropping systems. The grain yield of both intercropped crops was affected when the sowing time was expanded. There was better castor yield in longer sowing time compared to peanut. In this case, intercropping was more advantageous to castorbean when peanut was sown between 15 and 20 days late with better competitive ability of castor. The larger total operational cost of US$ 1452.11 ha-1 observed in peanut monocropping spaced 1.0 m Χ 0.2 m mainly due to higher material expenses and inputs, compared to intercropped system. The intercropping castor/peanut in the spaces 2.0 Χ 0.5 (castor) and 2.0 Χ 0.2 (peanut) under Brazilian semiarid region can be suitable and profitable when peanut is sown 20 days after castor.
Pages 120-126 | Full Text PDF
Characterization of morpho-quality traits and validation of bacterial blight resistance in pyramided rice genotypes under various hotspots of India
Sharat Kumar Pradhan*, Deepak Kumar Nayak, Elssa Pandit, Saumya Ranjan Barik, Shakti Prakash Mohanty, Annamalai Anandan, Janga Nagi Reddy
Crop Improvement Division, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Abstract
Swarna is a very popular high yielding variety in India but highly susceptible to the disease. Six pyramided lines containing three BB resistance genes xa5, xa13, Xa21 in the background of Swarna and IR64 were evaluated across the country under different hotspots to identify broad spectrum resistant line to promote as cultivar and donor for future breeding program. Characterizations for morphological and quality traits along with bioassay of the genotypes were performed across environments to know similarities of pyramided lines with the recurrent parents. Under the multi-location testing, pyramided line CRMAS 2232-85 exhibited superior yield and related traits performance along with higher level of resistance to BB disease as compared to parental lines and check varieties.
Pages 127-134 | Full Text PDF
Influence of shading on the leaf morphoanatomy and tolerance to glyphosate in Commelina benghalensis L. and Cyperus rotundus L.
Samuel Alves dos Santos*, Leonardo David Tuffi-Santos, Bruno Francisco SantAnna-Santos, Francisco Andrι Ossamu Tanaka, Larisse Freitas Silva, Antonio dos Santos Jϊnior
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, University Avenue 1000, Montes Claros, Brazil
Department of Phytopathology, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, Brazil. 3Universidade Federal de Viηosa, Viηosa, Brazil
Abstract
This study evaluated the leaf morphoanatomy and control of Commelina benghalensis and Cyperus rotundus cultivated under shading and treated with glyphosate. Both species showed a 50% reduction in tolerance to glyphosate when they were grown under shade compared to plants grown in the sun. Plants of C. benghalensis and C. rotundus showed a significant increase in leaf area (161 and 46 %, respectively) when cultivated in the shade. However, shading caused reduction on leaf thickness in both species. In C. benghalensis, exposure to glyphosate promoted turgor loss in the trichomes; plants cultivated in 70% shading showed trichome cuticle ruptures. The changes on leaf morphoanatomy are related to the increased efficiency of glyphosate in controlling these two species when they are cultivated in shaded environments. Our results suggest that reduced doses of glyphosate (50%) are required for controlling weed in shaded environments.
Pages 135-142 | Full Text PDF
Genetic diversity and population structure of upland cotton Brazilian cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L. race latifolium H.) using SSR markers
Leonel Domingos Moiana, Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho*, Maria Celeste Gonηalves-Vidigal, Luiz Paulo de Carvalho
Universidade Estadual de Maringα, Pσs-Graduaηγo em Genιtica e Melhoramento, Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco J45, CEP 87020-900, Maringα-PR-Brazil
Instituto de Investigaηγo Agrαria de Moηambique, Av. das FPLM 2698, C.P. 2698, Maputo, Mozambique
Embrapa Algodγo. Rua Osvaldo Cruz, 1143, CEP 58428-095, Campina Grande-PB-Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure in tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. race latifolium H.). Twenty cultivars and inbred lines from Embrapa Cotton Breeding Program, Brazil, were analyzed. From a total of 33 microsatellite (SSR) markers, twenty seven markers revealed 91 polymorphic SSR alleles. Two sub-populations were identified applying different methods (The Bayesian analysis, Principal Coordinates Analysis and Neighbor Joining Tree). Most of the cultivars belongs to Embrapa Cotton Breeding Program were allocated in sub-population I. The FST index indicated moderate genetic variability among the studied cultivars. In general, Embrapa cotton cultivars were the most dissimilar to Gibanga and IMA CD05-8221 cultivars. The dissimilarity index ranged from 0.13 to 0.73 and the lowest genetic divergence was observed between BRS PRECOCE and BRS 286 genotypes. Combination of Embrapa cotton cultivars, GIBANGA and IMA CD-05 8221 is recommended for obtaining superior segregation in order to improve yield.
Pages 143-152 | Full Text PDF
Effect of various water regimes on rice production in lowland irrigation
Mohd Khairi, Mohd Nozulaidi, Ainun Afifah, Md Sarwar Jahan*
Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, 22200 Malaysia
Abstract
To justify whether less water affects rice production, rice plants were cultivated under different water regimes. Four treatments, T1: flooding at 5 cm depth, T2: flooding at 1 - 3 cm depth, T3: saturated to 1 cm flooding, and T4: alternative wet and dry (AWD), were arranged as completely randomized design with five replicates. Yield and yield parameter, plants physiological, and soil chemical properties were evaluated. Treatment of AWD significantly decreased plant height (9%), tillers number (p = 0.04), panicles number (p = 0.024), filled grains (p = 0.037), yield (p = 0.001) and harvest index (= 0.005) but increased unfilled grains (p = 0.011) compared to the control. Chlorophyll (Chl) content (p = 0.003) and Chl fluorescence (p = 0.012), net photosynthesis rate (Pn; p = 0.0001), stomatal conductance (SC; p = 0.0001), transpiration rate (TR; p = 0.0001), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; p = 0.001) decreased in plants under T4 treatment than control treatment. Soil pH decreased (p = 0.0001) but soil electric conductivity (EC) increased (p = 0.041) in soil of T4 treatment than that of in soil of control treatments.
Pages 153-159 | Full Text PDF
Sensitivity of newly transplanted coffee plants to climatic conditions at altitudes of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira Aparecido*, Glauco de Souza Rolim, Paulo Sergio de Souza
UNESP - Sγo Paulo State University, Department of Exact Sciences, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
UNESP - Sγo Paulo State University, Department of Exact Sciences, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil,
IFSULDEMINAS - Campus Muzambinho - Muzambinho, MG, Brazil
Abstract
The influence of climate on the early development of newly transplanted coffee plants is poorly known. Good initial development is important for the sustainability of longevity and yield. We determined the climatic sensitivity of five-month-old coffee seedlings transplanted under climatic conditions at high altitude during the first two years of development in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The data were analysed with sigmoidal and peak models adjusted by least squares fitting. The development of the coffee crop was sensitive to the climatic conditions. Plant height, stem diameter, and plagiotropic branch number were logistic functions of DD, PET, AET, and Qg and had a parabolic relationship with WD. The coffee plants transplanted in the untilled system had larger SDIs and higher PBNs. The furrowed system produced the tallest plants. Water deficit was the most important meteorological variable during the study period. Water deficits of 0.5-0.7 mm d-1 promoted the development of PLH, SDI, and PBN by 0.19 cm d-1, 0.06 cm d-1 and 0.10 d-1, respectively.
Pages 160-167 | Full Text PDF
Enhanced biomass and biological activity of Hasuo (Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg) grown under LED light
Eun Soo Seong*, In Seong Hwang, Jae Hoo Choi, Jae Geun Lee, Ji Hye Yoo, Young Sup Ahn, Chung Berm Park, Chang Yeon Yu*
Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA, Eumseong 369-873, South Korea
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum is a medicinal plant with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects. We sought to improve the effectiveness of its agronomic characteristics and biological activities through exposure to light-emitting diode (LED) light. Seed germination was increased by 17.3 ± 4.7% in LED light-treated seeds of P. multiflorum compared with fluorescent light-treated (control) seeds (13 ± 4.2%). The biomass of the aerial parts of P. multiflorum increased to the greatest degree, with a stem length of 65.6 ± 4.2 cm and a leaf length of 5.4 ± 1.3 cm following red LED light treatment compared with control plants (stem length, 14.7 ± 4.5 cm; leaf length, 4.6 ± 1.2 cm). The epidermal cell size was 76.5-87.9 ΅m following exposure to red LED light by scanning electron microscopy based on biomass data. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content, including antioxidant activity, were also evaluated. In terms of DPPH activity, the samples extracted from roots had the highest reducible concentration 50% (RC50; 151.38 ± 0.31 ΅g ml-1) following blue LED light treatment. Our results suggest that treating P. multiflorum with LED light for 5 weeks can enhance food manufacturing and pharmaceutical production from natural substances.
Pages 168-174 | Full Text PDF
Jagdish Singh Arya*, Narendra Singh, Tsewang Rinchen, Samar Bahadur Maurya, Girish Korekar
Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, DRDO, Leh, Jammu and Kashmir, 194101, India
Abstract
Indus, Nubra and Suru are three geographically different Indian trans-Himalayan regions. Ten plants from each region were studied to find out the variations in total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Rumex leaves. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent assay was used to determine the TPC, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) for free radical scavenging activity. Total antioxidant power was determined by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Genotypes belonging to Indus valley show highest TPC (797.59 mg GAE /100 g FW), DPPH (1.06 mg mL-1), ABTS (1.54 mg mL-1) and FRAP (0.248 mg mL-1) among the regions studied.
Pages 98-104 | Full Text PDF
Effect of 2,4-D on fruit sugar accumulation and invertase activity in sweet orange cv. Salustiana
Alexander Rebolledo Roa*, Amparo Garcνa-Luνs, Josι Luνs Guardiola Barcena(R.I.P), Consuelo Monerri Huguet
Corporaciσn Colombiana de Investigaciσn Agropecuaria - CORPOICA, C.I. Palmira Unidad de Fisiologνa, Colombia
Universidad Politιcnica de Valencia. Espaρa. Departamento de Producciσn Vegetal, Spain
Abstract
The effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applications on fruit growth, sugar content, and invertase activity was studied on sweet orange fruit on 20-year-old trees of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Salustiana. Carbohydrates were quantified via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the sugars released by the invertase activity with the Somogy-Nelson method. Then, the growth variables of the fruit were characterized (diameter and fresh and dry weight). The results showed that application of 2,4-D (20 mgL-1, 3.6 L per tree) increased fruit size at maturity (5 mm). Application of 2,4-D increased sugar levels in the fruit and influenced the activity of the different invertase isoforms.
Pages 105-111 | Full Text PDF
Phytosociological characterization of weed species as affected by soil management
Rafael C. dos Santos, Evander Alves Ferreira, Josι Barbosa dos Santos, Maxwel Coura Oliveira, Daniel Valadγo Silva, Gustavo Antτnio Mendes Pereira, Leandro Galon, Ignacio Aspiazϊ, Norton Pinto de Mattos
Depto. de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viηosa - UFV, Campus Viηosa-MG, Brazil
Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Campus Diamantina-MG, Brazil
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, UNL, Lincoln-NE, United States
Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - UFFS, Campus Erechim-RS, Brazil
Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - UNIMONTES, Campus Janaϊba-MG, Brazil
Abstract
Under tropical environments, the soil seed bank ensures floristic diversity and raises the ability of weeds to infest the area repeatedly whn weed/soil management practices are applied. The objective of this study is to identify weed species emerged phyto-sociologically from different depths in soils with distinct uses. The results showed that a total of 32 species were emerged in the samples. The higher similarity of plant species was observed in the upper layer of soil by decreasing in the total number of species where depth increased. For areas with lower machine traffic and/or trampling by animals, i.e, with less compaction, the greatest similarity of plant species was observed in the upper layer, indicating either a decrease in number of seeds or increase in seed dormancy as depth increased/ or both of them. Results showed that the management applied in each area promotes changes in the seed bank also as a function of soil depth.
Pages 112-119 | Full Text PDF
Agronomic performance and profitability of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping in the Brazilian semiarid region
Alexson Filgueiras Dutra, Alberto Soares de Melo*, Wellison Filgueiras Dutra, Flaviana Gonηalves da Silva, Izaac Menezes de Oliveira, Janivan Fernandes Suassuna and Josι Germano Vιras Neto
Departament of Agronomy, Paulistan State University Jϊlio de Mesquita, Jaboticabal-Sγo Paulo, Brazil
Departament of Biology, Paraνba State University, Rua Baraϊnas, 351, Bodocongσ, Campina Grande, Paraνba, Brazil
Departament of Agronomy, Sergipe Federal University, Av. Marechal Cβndido Random, Sγo Cristσvγo, Sergipe, Brazil
Academic United of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av, Jairo Vieira de Feitosa, Pereiros, Pombal, Paraνba, Brazil
Departament of Chemistry, Paraνba State University, Rua Baraϊnas, 351, Bodocongσ, Campina Grande, Paraνba, Brazil
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate advantages, yield, cost of production and profitability in the intercropping castor/peanut as a function of sowing time. The castor genotype (BRS Energia) and peanut (BR-1) were grown in monocropping and intercropping systems. The grain yield of both intercropped crops was affected when the sowing time was expanded. There was better castor yield in longer sowing time compared to peanut. In this case, intercropping was more advantageous to castorbean when peanut was sown between 15 and 20 days late with better competitive ability of castor. The larger total operational cost of US$ 1452.11 ha-1 observed in peanut monocropping spaced 1.0 m Χ 0.2 m mainly due to higher material expenses and inputs, compared to intercropped system. The intercropping castor/peanut in the spaces 2.0 Χ 0.5 (castor) and 2.0 Χ 0.2 (peanut) under Brazilian semiarid region can be suitable and profitable when peanut is sown 20 days after castor.
Pages 120-126 | Full Text PDF
Characterization of morpho-quality traits and validation of bacterial blight resistance in pyramided rice genotypes under various hotspots of India
Sharat Kumar Pradhan*, Deepak Kumar Nayak, Elssa Pandit, Saumya Ranjan Barik, Shakti Prakash Mohanty, Annamalai Anandan, Janga Nagi Reddy
Crop Improvement Division, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Abstract
Swarna is a very popular high yielding variety in India but highly susceptible to the disease. Six pyramided lines containing three BB resistance genes xa5, xa13, Xa21 in the background of Swarna and IR64 were evaluated across the country under different hotspots to identify broad spectrum resistant line to promote as cultivar and donor for future breeding program. Characterizations for morphological and quality traits along with bioassay of the genotypes were performed across environments to know similarities of pyramided lines with the recurrent parents. Under the multi-location testing, pyramided line CRMAS 2232-85 exhibited superior yield and related traits performance along with higher level of resistance to BB disease as compared to parental lines and check varieties.
Pages 127-134 | Full Text PDF
Influence of shading on the leaf morphoanatomy and tolerance to glyphosate in Commelina benghalensis L. and Cyperus rotundus L.
Samuel Alves dos Santos*, Leonardo David Tuffi-Santos, Bruno Francisco SantAnna-Santos, Francisco Andrι Ossamu Tanaka, Larisse Freitas Silva, Antonio dos Santos Jϊnior
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, University Avenue 1000, Montes Claros, Brazil
Department of Phytopathology, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, Brazil. 3Universidade Federal de Viηosa, Viηosa, Brazil
Abstract
This study evaluated the leaf morphoanatomy and control of Commelina benghalensis and Cyperus rotundus cultivated under shading and treated with glyphosate. Both species showed a 50% reduction in tolerance to glyphosate when they were grown under shade compared to plants grown in the sun. Plants of C. benghalensis and C. rotundus showed a significant increase in leaf area (161 and 46 %, respectively) when cultivated in the shade. However, shading caused reduction on leaf thickness in both species. In C. benghalensis, exposure to glyphosate promoted turgor loss in the trichomes; plants cultivated in 70% shading showed trichome cuticle ruptures. The changes on leaf morphoanatomy are related to the increased efficiency of glyphosate in controlling these two species when they are cultivated in shaded environments. Our results suggest that reduced doses of glyphosate (50%) are required for controlling weed in shaded environments.
Pages 135-142 | Full Text PDF
Genetic diversity and population structure of upland cotton Brazilian cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L. race latifolium H.) using SSR markers
Leonel Domingos Moiana, Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho*, Maria Celeste Gonηalves-Vidigal, Luiz Paulo de Carvalho
Universidade Estadual de Maringα, Pσs-Graduaηγo em Genιtica e Melhoramento, Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco J45, CEP 87020-900, Maringα-PR-Brazil
Instituto de Investigaηγo Agrαria de Moηambique, Av. das FPLM 2698, C.P. 2698, Maputo, Mozambique
Embrapa Algodγo. Rua Osvaldo Cruz, 1143, CEP 58428-095, Campina Grande-PB-Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure in tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. race latifolium H.). Twenty cultivars and inbred lines from Embrapa Cotton Breeding Program, Brazil, were analyzed. From a total of 33 microsatellite (SSR) markers, twenty seven markers revealed 91 polymorphic SSR alleles. Two sub-populations were identified applying different methods (The Bayesian analysis, Principal Coordinates Analysis and Neighbor Joining Tree). Most of the cultivars belongs to Embrapa Cotton Breeding Program were allocated in sub-population I. The FST index indicated moderate genetic variability among the studied cultivars. In general, Embrapa cotton cultivars were the most dissimilar to Gibanga and IMA CD05-8221 cultivars. The dissimilarity index ranged from 0.13 to 0.73 and the lowest genetic divergence was observed between BRS PRECOCE and BRS 286 genotypes. Combination of Embrapa cotton cultivars, GIBANGA and IMA CD-05 8221 is recommended for obtaining superior segregation in order to improve yield.
Pages 143-152 | Full Text PDF
Effect of various water regimes on rice production in lowland irrigation
Mohd Khairi, Mohd Nozulaidi, Ainun Afifah, Md Sarwar Jahan*
Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, 22200 Malaysia
Abstract
To justify whether less water affects rice production, rice plants were cultivated under different water regimes. Four treatments, T1: flooding at 5 cm depth, T2: flooding at 1 - 3 cm depth, T3: saturated to 1 cm flooding, and T4: alternative wet and dry (AWD), were arranged as completely randomized design with five replicates. Yield and yield parameter, plants physiological, and soil chemical properties were evaluated. Treatment of AWD significantly decreased plant height (9%), tillers number (p = 0.04), panicles number (p = 0.024), filled grains (p = 0.037), yield (p = 0.001) and harvest index (= 0.005) but increased unfilled grains (p = 0.011) compared to the control. Chlorophyll (Chl) content (p = 0.003) and Chl fluorescence (p = 0.012), net photosynthesis rate (Pn; p = 0.0001), stomatal conductance (SC; p = 0.0001), transpiration rate (TR; p = 0.0001), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; p = 0.001) decreased in plants under T4 treatment than control treatment. Soil pH decreased (p = 0.0001) but soil electric conductivity (EC) increased (p = 0.041) in soil of T4 treatment than that of in soil of control treatments.
Pages 153-159 | Full Text PDF
Sensitivity of newly transplanted coffee plants to climatic conditions at altitudes of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira Aparecido*, Glauco de Souza Rolim, Paulo Sergio de Souza
UNESP - Sγo Paulo State University, Department of Exact Sciences, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
UNESP - Sγo Paulo State University, Department of Exact Sciences, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil,
IFSULDEMINAS - Campus Muzambinho - Muzambinho, MG, Brazil
Abstract
The influence of climate on the early development of newly transplanted coffee plants is poorly known. Good initial development is important for the sustainability of longevity and yield. We determined the climatic sensitivity of five-month-old coffee seedlings transplanted under climatic conditions at high altitude during the first two years of development in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The data were analysed with sigmoidal and peak models adjusted by least squares fitting. The development of the coffee crop was sensitive to the climatic conditions. Plant height, stem diameter, and plagiotropic branch number were logistic functions of DD, PET, AET, and Qg and had a parabolic relationship with WD. The coffee plants transplanted in the untilled system had larger SDIs and higher PBNs. The furrowed system produced the tallest plants. Water deficit was the most important meteorological variable during the study period. Water deficits of 0.5-0.7 mm d-1 promoted the development of PLH, SDI, and PBN by 0.19 cm d-1, 0.06 cm d-1 and 0.10 d-1, respectively.
Pages 160-167 | Full Text PDF
Enhanced biomass and biological activity of Hasuo (Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg) grown under LED light
Eun Soo Seong*, In Seong Hwang, Jae Hoo Choi, Jae Geun Lee, Ji Hye Yoo, Young Sup Ahn, Chung Berm Park, Chang Yeon Yu*
Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA, Eumseong 369-873, South Korea
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum is a medicinal plant with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects. We sought to improve the effectiveness of its agronomic characteristics and biological activities through exposure to light-emitting diode (LED) light. Seed germination was increased by 17.3 ± 4.7% in LED light-treated seeds of P. multiflorum compared with fluorescent light-treated (control) seeds (13 ± 4.2%). The biomass of the aerial parts of P. multiflorum increased to the greatest degree, with a stem length of 65.6 ± 4.2 cm and a leaf length of 5.4 ± 1.3 cm following red LED light treatment compared with control plants (stem length, 14.7 ± 4.5 cm; leaf length, 4.6 ± 1.2 cm). The epidermal cell size was 76.5-87.9 ΅m following exposure to red LED light by scanning electron microscopy based on biomass data. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content, including antioxidant activity, were also evaluated. In terms of DPPH activity, the samples extracted from roots had the highest reducible concentration 50% (RC50; 151.38 ± 0.31 ΅g ml-1) following blue LED light treatment. Our results suggest that treating P. multiflorum with LED light for 5 weeks can enhance food manufacturing and pharmaceutical production from natural substances.
Pages 168-174 | Full Text PDF
