Volume 8 Issue 2 | February 2014 issue
Table of Contents
8(2) 2014
8(2) 2014
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2014
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | February 2014
Volume 8 Number 2 2014
Effect of plant-derived smoke priming on physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice under salt stress condition
Muhammad Jamil*, Mamoona Kanwal, Muhammad Mudasar Aslam, Shakir Ullah Khan, Ijaz Malook, Jumin Tu, Shafiq ur Rehman
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
Institute of Crop Sciences, College of agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
Summary
We designed some experiments to investigate the effect of priming with different dilutions (1:100, 1:500 and 1:1000) of two plant-derived smoke solutions (Bauhinia and Cymbopogon) on physiological and biochemical aspects of indica rice variety (NIAB-IR-9) under salt (NaCl) stressed conditions. Significant increase occurred in germination percentage (23.3 %) and seedling vigor of smoke primed seeds as compared to non-smoke primed seeds at high salt concentration.
Pages 159-170 | Full Text PDF
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Genetic diversity of African sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) accessions based on microsatellite markers
Paul Muigai Kimani, Francis Wachira, Erick Kimutai Cheruiyot*, James Owuoche, Esther Kimani
Egerton University, Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soil, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
Association for strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) P.O Box 765, Entebbe, Uganda
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Biotechnology Centre, P.O Box 57811-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
Summary
This study was carried out to determine genetic diversity of sorghum accessions collected from Africa and ICRISAT using simple sequence repeats (SSR) of microsatellite marker. Thirty sorghum SSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 134 sorghum accessions.
Pages 171-177 | Full Text PDF
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Effects of fertilization and salinity on weed flora in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown following organic or conventional cultural practices
Dimitrios Bilalis*, Anestis Karkanis, Dimitrios Savvas, Charis-Konstantina Kontopoulou, Aspasia Efthimiadou
Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Str, 38446, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
Summary
Two field experiments were conducted to assess the effects of cultural system and irrigation water salinity on weed flora in a common bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender). The lowest weed density was recorded in the saline water treatment. The results of the study showed that the order of weed sensitivity to salinity is redroot bigweed > bermudagrass > common lambsquarters > barnyardgrass >common purslane >purple nutsedge.
Pages 178-182 | Full Text PDF
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Hybrid identification, morphological evaluation and genetic diversity analysis of Rosa Χ hybrida by SSR markers
Muhammad Nadeem, Xinwang Wang, Masum Akond, Faisal Saeed Awan*, Azeem Iqbal Khan, Atif Riaz, Adnan Younis
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Texas AgriLife Research Centre, Dallas, Texas, USA. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M 3University, College Station, Texas, USA
Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Department of Horticultural Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Summary
The present study based on the F1 cross of the 9 hip-bearing parents which produced 22 hybrids. Morphological evaluation of parent and hybrids included various qualitative traits like leaf color, hairiness, margins etc. Significant variation was revealed among parents and hybrids based on all parameters investigated including differences in overall performance.
Pages 183-190 | Full Text PDF
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Differential response of two important Southern US rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to high night temperature
Abdul Razack Mohammed*, Lee Tarpley
Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 1509 Aggie Drive, Beaumont, Texas 77713, USA
Summary
As the initial step in development of high night temperature (HNT; 30 oC) tolerant rice cultivars for the Southern United States (US) and similar climates, in this study we screened two popular Southern US rice cultivars Cocodrie (inbred pure line) and XL723 (hybrid) for variation in tolerance to HNT. Plants were exposed to ambient night temperature (ANT; 25 + 0.5oC) and HNT (30 + 0.5 oC) from 30 days after emergence (DAE) until harvest in the greenhouse. Growth, morphological and physiological traits of Cocodrie and XL723 were examined.
Pages 191-199 | Full Text PDF
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Screening for drought tolerance in Iranian wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) using physiological traits evaluated under drought stress and normal condition
Zeinab Soleimani, Hosseinali Ramshini*, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian, Mahdi Fazelnajafabadi, Behroz Foughi
Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
Summary
In order to screen for drought tolerance, 82 Iranian wheat genotypes were evaluated by recording relative water content (RWC), days to maturity, leaf rolling and leaf silvering under stress condition in a field trial. In next experiment ten genotypes (six tolerant and four sensitive) selected from field experiment were assessed for drought adaptability measuring RWC, osmotic adjustment (OA), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity and stomatal characteristics.
Pages 200-207 | Full Text PDF
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Biocontrol of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum by isolates of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
Sutanu Maji1* and P. K. Chakrabartty
Acharya J. C. Bose Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Madhyamgram Experimental Farm, Pin- 700129, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Summary
A pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearumTom5 was isolated from a wilted tomato plant. It was biochemically characterized and found to belong to biovar IIIA. From a collection of bacterial isolates from rhizosphere of plants growing in the local field five were selected which were antagonistic to the pathogen Tom5. These were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosaT1, Pseudomonas sp. BH25, Pseudomonas sp.AM12, Pseudomonas sp.AM13 and Pseudomonas putidaR6.
Pages 208-214 | Full Text PDF
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Phytophthora infestans associated global gene expression profile in a late blight resistant Indian potato cv. Kufri Girdhari
Sundaresha Siddappa, Jagesh K. Tiwari*, Ritu Sindhu, Sanjeev Sharma, Vinay Bhardwaj, SK Chakrabarti, BP Singh
Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla - 171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
Summary
In this study, microarray-based gene expression was analysed in a late blight resistant Indian potato cultivar Kufri Girdhari upon Phytophthora infestans infection. A comprehensive transcriptional analysis was performed using cDNA microarrays, containing 70,083 ESTs (expressed sequence tag libraries) from plant leaf tissues collected at two stages: pre-inoculation (0 h, water spray as control) and post-inoculation (72 h after inoculation) by challenge inoculation of P. infestans. Microarray analysis using scatter plot revealed out of total statistically significant (P=0.01) genes (#4622), a total of 2,344 resistance genes were up-regulated at post-inoculation stage compared to pre-inoculation.
Pages 215-222 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary data XLS
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Effects of drip irrigation frequency, fertilizer sources and their interaction on the dry matter and yield components of sweet corn
Mohamed Abdirahmann Muhumed, Shamshuddin Jusop*, Christopher Teh Boon Sung, Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab, and Qurban Ali Panhwar
Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Summary
An experiment was carried out under a rain shelter from July to December 2012 in Malaysia to determine the effects of irrigation frequency and fertilizer sources on the growth and yield of sweet corn planted on a limed sandy clay, Ultisol, using a drip-irrigation system. The results of the study indicated that total dry matter and yield components increased with the increase in drip-irrigation frequency with values of 44% and 32% respectively.
Pages 223-231 | Full Text PDF
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Determination of the relationship between water use efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination and proline in sunflower genotypes under drought stress
Φner Canavar*, Klaus-Peter Gφtz, Frank Ellmer, Frank-Michael Chmielewski, Mustafa Ali Kaynak
Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Crop Science Department, Aydin-09100 Turkey
Current address: Humboldt University, Agriculture and Horticulture Faculty, Crop Science Department, Berlin-14195 Germany
Humboldt University, Agriculture and Horticulture Faculty, Agroclimatology Department, Berlin-14195 Germany
Summary
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of drought stress on four sunflower genotypes (Tarsan, Sanbro, TR-3080 and DKF-2525) and the relationship between some physiological and phenological characters at 30% (drought stress) and 60% (well-watered) irrigation from soil water capacity. The results showed that plants responses in some parameters such as leaf, stem and total dry weight, total leaf area, young fully developed leaf area, plant height, WUE (water use efficiency), RWC (relative water content), SLW (specific leaf weight) and ?13C isotope (carbon isotope discrimination) are gradually declined under drought stress condition.
Pages 232-242 | Full Text PDF
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Generation mean analysis of fruit quality traits in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Srikanth Sabolu, Keshubhai B. Kathiria*, Chintan R. Mistry and Sushil Kumar
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388 110, India
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388 110, India
Summary
Very limited information is available on gene action for eggplant fruit quality parameters related to consumer market. Therefore, a detailed study on key quality traits of eggplant was carried out to examine the gene action to support the breeding approach. In the present study, six parents were inter-crossed to study gene action governing different fruit quality traits in eggplant.
Pages 243-250 | Full Text PDF
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Inference of allelopathy and autotoxicity to varietal resistance of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Rumana Yeasmin*, Ken Nakamatsu, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Satoru Motoki, Eiji Nishihara, Sadahiro Yamamoto
The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan, 251
Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
Faculty of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashi-Mita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki- Shi, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, PO Box 123, NSW 2007, Australia
Summary
The influence of varietal resistance to allelopathy and autotoxicity for growth, nutrient uptake and allelochemical characteristics were assessed under laboratory conditions. Two asparagus varieties; UC157 (U) and Gijnlim (G) from Europe and USA, respectively were cultivated in different rotational patterns in a continuous replanting system. The effects of potential allelochemicals on the growth and nutrient uptake for the two varieties in replant culture were investigated.
Pages 251-256 | Full Text PDF
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Selection and characterization of elite walnut (Juglans regia L.) clone from seedling origin trees in North Western Himalayan region of India
Radha Mohan Sharma*, Kiran Kour, Brijeshwar Singh, Sangita Yadav, Neeraj Kotwal, Jai Chand Rana and Rajneesh Anand
Division of Fruit Science, S.K. Univ. of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu, India
Regional Horticultural Research Sub-Station, Bhaderwah, Doda, SKUAST-Jammu, India
Division of Bio Chemistry, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
Regional Station National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Shimla, H.P., India
Quality Control Lab, Indian Institute of Integrated Medicine, Jammu, India
Summary
Western Himalayan region of India provides agroclimatic conditions suitable for producing high quality walnuts. This study aimed to identify a clone, which has high export quality. We identified 63 walnut seedling trees and found GL0109 tree as best meeting all the export standards like nut weight (20.10g), nut size (45.45mm x 42.07mm), nut grade (Jambo), shell thickness (1.24mm), kernel recovery (61.40%), proportion of light coloured kenel (83.40%), protein content (15.66%) and oil content (68.42%).
Pages 257-262 | Full Text PDF
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Are agarose-sucrose gels useful for studying the probing and feeding behavior of aphids?
Sylwia Golawska*, Iwona Sprawka*, Artur Golawski, Henryk Matok
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
Summary
The effects of novel chemicals on aphid probing and feeding can be more easily studied in gels than in plants; therefore, we investigated whether aphid probing behavior is similar on agarose-sucrose gels vs. plants. Electrical penetration graphs (DC EPG) were used to monitor the probing/feeding behavior of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L. on wheat plants and agarose-sucrose gels. The EPG patterns generated by aphids feeding on plants were used to interpret the patterns generated on the gels.
Pages 263-270 | Full Text PDF
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Effect of foliar application of bio-stimulants on growth, yield, components, and storability of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Tarek A. Shalaby* and Hassan El-Ramady
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
Soil and Water Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
Summary
Increasing garlic yield and improving bulb quality are essential aims for growers to fulfill the requirements of the market and the consumers. Two field experiments were carried out during two successive seasons; 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 at a private farm to find out the influence of some bio-stimulants i.e., ascorbic acid, dry yeast, amino acids (Ruter and Total), seaweed extract (Alga 600) and Spirulina extract (Arthospira fusiformis) on plant growth, yield, yield components and storability of garlic plants "Balady" cultivar.
Pages 271-275 | Full Text PDF
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Differentially expressed genes and in silico analysis in response to ozone (O3) stress of soybean leaves
Jun-Cheol Moon, Won Cheol Yim, Sung Don Lim, Kitae Song and Byung-Moo Lee*
Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National Univ., Chuncheon 200-701 Korea
Plant Molecular Genetic Lab., Dep. of Life Science, Dongguk Univ-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Korea
Summary
This study was conducted to identify specific/predominant genes of soybean leaves fumigated with ozone (O3) in the fifth trifoliolate stage. Leaves were exposed to O3 at concentrations of 120 and 200 ppb for four hours on each of five consecutive days. We compared the expression levels of mRNA fragments in untreated versus treated leaves based on, the different banding patterns obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis. These patterns revealed that 408 transcripts were differentially expressed between treated and untreated leaves; 153 transcripts were up-regulated in soybean leaves fumigated with O3 and 225 transcripts were down-regulated.
Pages 276-283 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary data
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Performance of lentil (Lens culinaris M.) and mustard (Brassica juncea L.) intercropping under rainfed conditions
Konthoujam Nandini Devi*, Diana Shamurailatpam, Tensubam Basanta Singh, Herojit Singh Athokpam, Naorem Brajendra Singh, Naorem Gopimohan Singh, Leitam Nabachandra Singh, Arambam Dorendro Singh, Oinam Premila Chanu, Shougrakpam Ranjit Singh, Kshetrimayum Pratima Devi and Laishram Sanahanbi Devi
College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal - 795004, India
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur -741252, India
Department of Botany, Mayai Lambi College, Manipur, India
Department of Zoology, Modern College, Manipur, India
Department of Zoology, Lilong Haoreibi College, Manipur, India
Summary
A field experiment was conducted on intercropping of lentil and mustard in varying row ratios viz., sole Lentil, sole Mustard, Lentil + Mustard (1:1), Lentil + Mustard (2:1), Lentil + Mustard (4:1), Lentil + Mustard (6:1), Lentil + Mustard (2:2), Lentil + Mustard (4:2), Lentil + Mustard (6:2) and Lentil + Mustard (4:4) during the winter season of 2009-10 and 2010-11 to assess the compatibility of lentil and mustard plants in intercrop association and to evaluate spatial intercropping systems for their profitable production.
Pages 284-289 | Full Text PDF
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Study on the effect of air temperature on seed development and determination of the base temperature for seed growth in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
Liv S. Severino* and Dick L. Auld
Embrapa Algodγo, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 1143 58428-095 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122, USA
Summary
There are reports that castor seed yield is significantly reduced by exposure to cool temperatures during the seed filling stage. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of the air temperature on the growth rate of castor seed and to determine the base temperature for this critical physiological process. Racemes of castor cv. Brigham initiated at different days were tagged after pollination, and fruits were harvested in five days increments during the 2012 growing season at Lubbock, TX, USA (latitude 33°36 N).
Pages 290-295 | Full Text PDF
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Salt-induced changes in cell wall peroxidase (CWPRX) and phenolic content of Aeluropus littoralis (Willd) Parl
Leila Haghighi, Ahmad Majd, Ghorbanali Nematzadeh, Masood Shokri, Sedigheh Kelij, Saeed Irian*
Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological science, University of Kharazmi, 49 Mofateh Ave, Tehran 15614, P.C. 1571914911, Iran
Genetic and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
Department of Chemistry, University of Kharazmi, 49 Mofateh Ave, Tehran 15614, Iran
Summary
Aeluropus littoralis as a genetic source for salinity resistance is one of the promising species for genetic improvement and performance of crop plants. We studied the cell wall bound peroxidase enzyme and some wall phenolics to find the possible role of them in wall extensibility and further effect on leaf growth. The effect of different salt concentrations on cell wall-bound peroxidase (CWPRX) activity, CWPRX gene expression and the related cell wall phenolic acid content were investigated along different ages of Aeluropus littoralis leaves.
Pages 296-300 | Full Text PDF
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Yield of grape (Vitis labrusca cv. Isabel) and soil nutrients availability affected by biofertilizer with diazotrophic bacteria and fungi chitosan
Newton Pereira Stamford*, Sebastiγo da Silva Jϊnior*, Carolina Etienne de Rosαlia e Silva Santos, Ana Dolores Santiago de Freitas, Carlos Maristane de Andrade Santos, Thatiana Montenegro Stamford Arnaud, Hammady de Ramalho e Soares
Department of Agronomy, University Federal Rural of Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Summary
The scope of this study is to evaluate the effects on grape (Vitis labrusca cv. Isabel) and nutrients availability by application of biofertilizer (NPKB) enriched in N by inoculation with free living diazotrophic bacteria and Cunninghamella elegans a fungus that contains chitosan in the cell wall.
Pages 301-306 | Full Text PDF
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In vitro studies on regeneration and transformation of some pomegranate genotypes
Mohamed Nasr. Helaly, Hanan El-Hosieny, Tobias M. Ntuli , Ibtisam Alsudays, Samar Abdelaziz Omar, Nabil I Elsheery*
Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
Horticulture Research Institute Agriculture, Research Center, Egypt
Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Biological and conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private bagX54001, Durban4000, South Africa
Plant Physiology branch, Biology Department, Al Qassim University, Saudia Arabia
Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
Summary
The present study aimed to develop an in vitro regeneration of plantlets of four commercial pomegranate genotypes (Manfalouty, Tahrir, Badr and Araby) grown in Egypt. Shoot tips were selected and separated from 7-year-old mother plants as explants. The MS media supplemented with different dosage of growth substances were examined under controlled conditions. Gene transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was examined for only two genotypes (Manfalouty and Araby) which recorded highest and lowest regeneration capacity, respectively. The results showed that regeneration of pomegranate was mainly controlled by genotype, whereas the response of the explants was largely affected by the environmental factors.
Pages 307-316 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary data | Erratum
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Genetic mapping of the resistance allele Co-52 to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in the common bean MSU 7-1 line
Lorenna L. Sousa, Anelise S. Cruz, Pedro S. Vidigal Filho, Veronica A. Vallejo, James D. Kelly and Maria Celeste Gonηalves-Vidigal*
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringα, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringα, Paranα, Brazil
Embrapa Soja: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuαria, Nϊcleo de Biotecnologia. 86001-970, Londrina, Paranα, Brazil
Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
Summary
Anthracnose is a devastating fungal disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the causal agent of which is Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. MSU 7-1 is a common bean breeding line that contains the Co-52 and Co-7 anthracnose resistance genes. In this study, phenotypic analyses were conducted in an F2 population derived from the Mexico 222 (S) Χ MSU 7-1 (R) cross that was inoculated with race 64 of C. lindemuthianum. Segregation analysis revealed a 3R:1S ratio, indicating that only Co-52 confers resistance to race 64 once the Co-7 gene has been defeated by this race.
Pages 317-323 | Full Text PDF
