Volume 9 Issue 12 | December 2015
Table of Contents
9(12) 2015
9(12) 2015
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2015
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | December 2015
Volume 9 Number 12 Year 2015
Volume 9 Number 12 Year 2015
Single nucleotide polymorphism in wheat triticin gene (Tri 1) among diverse wild wheat species
Sonia Goel, Manoj Nath, Nisha Singh, Sapna Grewal, Shilpa D’souza, Ajay Mahato, N. K. Singh*
National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa campus, New Delhi 110012, India
Summary
Here, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in high nutritional quality triticin gene (EU482413) among 21 wild wheat accessions using a targeted re-sequencing approach. Overall, 91 SNPs were found in the intronic and the hypervariable region (HVR) of the triticin gene of these 86 SNP/indels were found in the three introns and only 5 SNPs in the HVR region, probably due to strong selection pressure on the coding sequences. Wheat accession, T. monococcum 2802 showed one extra lysine residue in the HVR region. The reference sequence of the triticin was found to be similar to D genome accessions. These SNP data sets were used in phylogenetic and PCA analysis to assess the sequence diversity in these varieties.
Pages 1131-1138 | Full Text PDF
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Cross-transferable microsatellite markers from Vigna Savi. are useful for assessing genetic diversity in wild and cultivated Cajanus Adans. species
Ikechukwu O. Agbagwa, Subhojit Datta, Prakash G. Patil, Pallavi Singh, Nagaswamy Nadarajan
Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur - 208 024, India
Department of Plant Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Summary
We assessed 61 Vigna (azuki bean)-specific microsatellite markers for their cross transferability and efficiency in supporting diversity studies in Cajanus. Thirty Cajanus genotypes comprising 20 different cultivars of pigeonpea (C. cajan) and ten genotypes from five wild relatives of pigeonpea were examined in this study. Of the 61 SSR primer pairs screened, 18 amplified distinct and scorable amplicons 90-600 bp in size, revealing 32 alleles. The percentage transferability of these 18 markers ranged from 31.60% to 100%. Eight primer pairs (CEDG 56, CEDG 91, CEDG 139, CEDG 268, CEDG 275, CEDG 06, CEDG 88 and CEDG 257) amplified SSRs from the 30 genotypes examined, indicating 100% transferability.
Pages 1139-1147 | Full Text PDF
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Forage quality in cultivars of Brachiaria spp.: association of lignin and fibers with anatomical characteristics
Janaína Mauri, Vânia Helena Techio, Lisete Chamma Davide*, Daniele Laís Pereira, Fausto Souza Sobrinho, Fabrício José Pereira
Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Department of Biology, Lavras - Minas Gerais State. Zip Code 37.200-000, Brazil
Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais State. Zip Code 36.038-330, Brazil
Summary
This study aimed to assess differences in the amount of lignin and fiber in the leaves of cultivars from three species of Brachiaria. These differences were correlated with structural characteristics of sclerenchyma and vessel elements. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst.) Stapf. cv. Marandu, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. Prain. cv. Basilisk, and Brachiaria ruziziensis Kennedy (R. Germ & Evrad) cv. Kennedy were chemically and anatomically analyzed using fluorescence techniques and plant microtechnique procedures to evaluate the amount of lignin and fibers in leaves. B. brizantha showed the lowest cell-wall lignin content in fibers from the mesophyll region, and the average gray level was 177.43 compared to 197.63 for B. decumbens and 195.77 for B. ruziziensis.
Pages 1148-1153 | Full Text PDF
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Indices of bio-agroeconomic efficiency in intercropping systems of cucumber and lettuce in greenhouse
Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho, Francisco Bezerra Neto*, Bráulio Luciano Alves Rezende, Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior, Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima
Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
Departamento de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), 59625-900, Mossoró-RN, Brazil
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS), MG 37890-000, Muzambinho, Brazil
Summary
The objective of this study was to evaluate, by means of biological and agroeconomic indices, the competition between species and the profitability of intercropping cucumber and lettuce, as a function of population densities of cucumber plants, cultivars of lettuce, and times of lettuce transplantation after cucumber transplantation. Four experiments originated from two lettuce cultivars (crisp, cv. Verônica, and Iceberg, cv. Lucy Brown) intercropped with cucumber (cv. Hokushin) planted in one and two lines in the densities of 11 100 and 22 200 pl ha-1, respectively, were conducted in two greenhouses, in a randomized complete block design, to evaluate four times of lettuce transplantation (0, 10, 20 and 30 days after the cucumber transplantation). The intercropping system with the highest bio-agroeconomic superiority obtained was when the lettuce ‘Verônica’ was intercropped with cucumber at 11 100 pl ha-1, with both species transplanted on the same day.
Pages 1154-1164 | Full Text PDF
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Impact of above-ground dry matter residue from cover crops on fall-winter corn and spring-summer soybean yield under no-tillage system
Simone Cândido Ensinas, Ademar Pereira Serra*, Marlene Estevão Marchetti, Eulene Francisco da Silva, Eber Augusto Ferreira do Prado, Pedro Henrique Altomar, Elaine Reis Pinheiro Lourente, Matheus Andrade Martinez, Douglas Costa Potrich, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Cedrick Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa, Flávia Araújo Matos, Renata de Azambuja Silva Miranda
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post Graduation Program in Agronomy - Crop Science, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), City of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Summary
The aim of this research was to assess the above-ground dry matter production from cover crops and its effects on soybean and corn yield in Brazilian “Cerrado”. The above-ground dry matter productions were influenced by the treatments assessed through two growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). There was interaction between the cover crops and growing seasons for above-ground dry matter of the cover crops. In relation to fall-winter corn yield, the cover crops and growing seasons showed significant effect on corn yield.
Pages 1165-1172 | Full Text PDF
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The influence of drip or furrow irrigation on yield and quality of Burley tobacco under saline conditions
Maria Isabella Sifola*, Youssef Rouphael
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
Summary
Two irrigation methods (drip and furrow) and six irrigation treatments [rainfed control (RC), and fully-irrigated with water having an electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.5 (normal water, NW), 2.5 (saline water, SW1), 5 (SW2), 10 (SW3), and 15 dS m-1 (SW4)] were factorially combined. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE, kg ha-1 mm-1), soil salt accumulation and soil moisture were measured for each treatment combination. Over the growing season the electrical conductivity of soil (ECe) across the 0.6 m soil’s top profile increased with increasing salinity of the irrigation water but more in drip- than furrow-irrigated plots [0.177 and 0.105 dS m-1 ECe (dS m-1 ECw)-1, respectively, averaged over years]. Salinity of the irrigation water did not affect yield of cured leaves in the SW2 - SW4 range.
Pages 1173-1181 | Full Text PDF
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Correlations among industrial traits in oat cultivars grown in different locations of Brazil
Maraisa Crestani Hawerroth, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, Leomar Guilherme Woyann, Cristiano Mathias Zimmer, Eder Licieri Groli, Antonio Costa de Oliveira*, Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho
Company of Agricultural Research and Rural Extension of Santa Catarina State (EPAGRI), Abílio Franco Street 1500, Bom Sucesso, 89500-000, SC, Caçador, Brazil
School of Agronomy, Department of Agrarian Studies, Regional University of Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Comércio Street, 300, 98700-000, RS, Ijuí, Brazil
Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Gomes Carneiro Street 01, 96010-900, RS, Pelotas, Brazil
Summary
This study aimed to estimate the correlations between traits related to industrial performance of oat cultivars grown in different environments. Also, the genetic correlation coefficients were partitioned by path analysis in in direct and indirect effects on industrial yield of grains, in order to identify traits that could be adopted in indirect selection strategies. The performance and the relationships between traits were modified in response to environmental effects, which can compromise the effectiveness of indirect selection. Hectoliter mass did not show a causal association with industrial yield. Grain yield, index of grains larger than 2 mm and number of grains per panicle presented positive direct effects on industrial yield of grains, however just the grain yield showed a strong and stable association. Thus, grain yield seems to be the most successful process of indirect selection for the genetic improvement of industrial yield of grains.
Pages 1182-1189 | Full Text PDF
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Resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis in Coffea arabica L. progenies
Elder Andreazi*, Gustavo Hiroshi Sera, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, Tumoru Sera, Luciana Harumi Shigueoka, Filipe Gimenez Carvalho, Fernando César Carducci
Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina-PR-Brazil
Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 375, Três Marcos, CEP 86047-902, Londrina-PR-Brazil
Summary
The aggressiveness and rapid spread of Meloidogyne paranaensis in several coffee-producing regions of Brazil has drawn considerable attention. Some coffee cultivars are resistant to root-knot nematode. Especially a limited number of ungrafted Arabica cultivars have shown resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to identify resistance to M. paranaensis in C. arabica progenies.
Pages 1190-1196 | Full Text PDF
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Physiological maturity of pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus) seeds and its correlation with fruit equatorial diameter
Thiago Alberto Ortiz*, Aline Moritz, Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi
Post Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Londrina (Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL), 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil. CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education])
Post Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Londrina (Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL), 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil. CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education])
Agronomy Department, UEL, 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil
Summary
The goal of the present study was to determine the physiological maturity point for pitahaya seeds (Hylocereus undatus) on the basis of seed maturation indices and to correlate this timing with the fruit equatorial diameter. The physiological maturity of pitahaya seeds reached between 28 and 31 DAA. Their highest DW and lowest MC were observed at 28 DAA. At 29 DAA, the reorganization of the membrane system was favored, as indicated by the EC. The highest RL was observed at 30 DAA, with the highest PG and SL occurring at 31 DAA.
Pages 1197-1204 | Full Text PDF
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Modeling of nutrients demands in garlic crop
Mário Lúcio Pereira Cunha*, Thaísa Fernanda Oliveira, Junia Maria Clemente, Talita Gabriela Gentil, Leonardo Angelo de Aquino
Crop Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil
Summary
The aim of this study was to find out models on nutrient demands of the garlic crop to produce the bulb yield. The linear models explained the behavior of nutrients in the deficiency range, whereas the second type explained the behavior of those found in the transition between the deficiency range and the sufficiency range.
Pages 1205-1213 | Full Text PDF
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Nutritional components of growth of Arabica coffee genotypes cultivated under different levels of phosphorus fertilization studied by path analysis
Wagner Nunes Rodrigues, Tafarel Victor Colodetti, Lima Deleon Martins, Sebastião Vinicius Batista Brinate, Marcelo Antonio Tomaz, José Francisco Teixeira do Amaral
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alto Universitário, s/nº, Cx Postal 16, Bairro Guararema, CEP: 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Brazil
Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Brazil
Summary
The high nutritional exigency of new cultivars of coffee led this study to estimate correlations between nutrient contents and to estimate their direct and indirect effects, by path analysis, over the early growth of eight genotypes of Coffea arabica L, cultivated in environments with different levels of phosphorus supply. Significant correlations were observed between nutritional components, and these correlations are modulated by environmental factors, such as soil type and water supply. Different levels of phosphorus fertilization promotes interactions between P×Mg, K×Ca, Ca×Mg, Ca×Mn, Ca×Zn; Mg×Mn, Cu×Fe, Cu×Mn, and Mg×Zn.
Pages 1214-1220 | Full Text PDF
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The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker*, Ali Majrashi, Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce
School of Agriculture Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Summary
A study was carried out to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid on chlorophyll fluorescence, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu fruits. Results revealed that 50 mg L-1 GA3 treatment increased chlorophyll content, soluble protein and produced the highest chlorophyll fluorescence and quantum yield. It was observed that 50 mg L-1 GA3 treatments increased the PAL activity and anthocyanin content of fruits significantly. Furthermore, a positive correlation (R2 = 0.69) between the PAL activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis was observed in treated fruit.
Pages 1221-1227 | Full Text PDF
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Effect of lime, steel mill slag and phosphorus (P) in absorption of silicon and production of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum)
Leandro Rosatto Moda*, Renato de Mello Prado, Reinaldo José Alvarez Puente, Rilner Alves Flores, Carlos Leandro Rodrigues dos Santos and Marcus André Ribeiro Correia
Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Caixa Postal 54, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
Universidad de Sancti Spiritus, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Escola de Agronomia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brasil
Instituto Federal de Tocantins, Araguatins, Tocantins, Brasil
Summary
Many pasture areas have Al toxicity, P deficiency and low pH as limiting factors; thus, slag from steel mill can improve Tanzania grass phosphate nutrition by the beneficial effects of the interaction of Si and P. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the “availability” of P and Si in the soil, growth, P and Si accumulation and dry matter production in Tanzania grass plants. There were increases in the variables plant growth and forage production with increases in available P, suggesting the use of slag as a soil amendment.
Pages 1228-1235 | Full Text PDF
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Anatomical and structural changes in response to application of silicon (Si) in vitro during the acclimatization of banana cv. ‘Grand Naine’
Simone Abreu Asmar, Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares*, Renata Alves Lara Silva, Moacir Pasqual, Leila Aparecida Salles Pio, Evaristo Mauro de Castro
Federal University of Uberlandia, Agriculture Department, Campus Santa Mônica, CX 593, 37200-000 Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
Agriculture Department, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
Summary
This study aimed at evaluating possible effects of silicon application during in vitro culture of banana plants (cv. ‘Grand Naine’) on structural and anatomical characteristics of leaves of acclimatized plants. The presence of silicate in the culture medium favored increased stomatal density on both sides of the leaves and increased the polar diameter/equatorial diameter ratio on the abaxial side. The thicknesses of mesophyll and chlorophyll content were also enhanced in the presence of silicon, mainly when the source used was the calcium silicate.
Pages 1236-1241 | Full Text PDF
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Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) ratios for propagation of Eucalyptus hybrid in two different in vitro cultivation systems
Wesley Pires Flausino Máximo, Paulo Augusto Almeida Santos, Evânia Galvão Mendonça, Breno Régis Santos, Luciano Vilela Paiva*
Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Department of Chemistry, Campus, Post Office Box 3037, 37200000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Department of Biology, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, 49100000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Department of Forestry, Rod. BR-465, Km 7, 23895000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Nature Science Institute, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, n 700, Centro, 37130000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
Summary
Eucalyptus has been cultivated around the world for timber and pulp. Production of seedlings for cropping is one of the key stages for their cultivation which requires strict control of material nutrition. In vitro studies of specific nutrients such as Nitrogen have been particularly important for identifying productivity gains since this element may affect plant growth. This study was aimed at identifying which are the most effective ratios between nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) as a nitrogen supply for a commercial hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla under two in vitro cultivation systems (a temporary immersion bioreactor and a semisolid medium).
Pages 1242-1248 | Full Text PDF
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Effect of drought stress on periods prior of weed interference in bean crop using arbitrary and tolerance estimation
Mariana C. Parreira, Arthur A.M. Barroso, João M. Portugal, Pedro L.da C.A. Alves*
College of Agronomy, Pará Federal University, Cametá, PA, CEP 68400-400, Brazil
Department of Applied Biology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14844-900, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Beja, Portugal
Summary
The present study was designed to determine the periods prior of weed interference on bean crops subjected to conditions of hydric comfort and drought, using two distinct approaches: arbitrary level of 5% productivity loss and tolerance level. Beta maritima was the major weed interfering in bean. Drought stress reduced the bean productivity up to 63%, where weeds reduced it by 65%. The tolerance level was more sensitive to abiotic stress influence in weed-crop interference.
Pages 1249-1256 | Full Text PDF
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Assessment of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and rhizobia as multi-strain biofertilizer on growth and N2 fixation of rice plant
K.Z. Tan, O. Radziah, MS. Halimi, AR. Khairuddin, Z.H. Shamsuddin*
Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Division of Agrotechnology and Biosciences, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
Summary
Recently, there has been much interest on the application of PGPR-rhizobia multi-strain biofertilizer to enhance growth and yield of agricultural crops. A glasshouse experiment on rice plants was conducted to quantify the uptake of N derived from N2 fixation by multi-strain inocula consisting of a locally isolated PGPR, UPMB19 (Lysinibacillus xylantilyticus), and an indigenous rhizobia, UPMR30 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum). 15N isotope dilution technique was used to elucidate the N2-fixing and plant growth-promoting efficiency of the inocula through single and mixed applications.
Pages 1257-1264 | Full Text PDF
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Differential responses produced by silicon (Si) on photosynthetic pigments in two pepper cultivars exposed to water deficiency
Talitha Soares Pereira, Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato*, Milton Hélio Lima da Silva, Elaine Maria Silva Guedes Lobato, Daniele Viana da Costa, Eldenira Barbosa Uchôa, Railan do Nascimento Ferreira, Emilly dos Santos Pereira, Benedito Gomes dos Santos Filho, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa, Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura
Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Brazil
Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Summary
This study aims to (i) investigate the silicon action on photosynthetic pigments, as well as (ii) to determine the optimal Si level for each cultivar, and (iii) establish a possible interference on carbon compounds in two Capsicum annuum cultivars exposed to water deficiency. The Si application caused reduction in total soluble carbohydrates of two cultivars, with the values of 1.26 and 0.96 mM Si for Ikeda and Vermelho Gigante, respectively. The cultivars presented differential behavior linked to photosynthetic pigments, in which only Vermelho Gigante cultivar showed increase, after 0.99 mM Si treatment.
Pages 1265-1270 | Full Text PDF
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Frequency of the RAD51 (radiation sensitive 51) recombinase in species and hybrids of Brachiaria and relationship with genetic variability
Cristina Maria Pinto de Paula, Dayane Cristina Lima, Fausto Souza Sobrinho, Vânia Helena Techio*
Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Department of Biology/DBI, P.O. Box 3037, Lavras - Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite (CNPGL), Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Summary
This study identified and compared the frequency of homology and recombination hotspots in sexual diploid and tetraploid species, apomictic tetraploids and hybrids of Brachiaria, by immunolocalization of the radiation sensitive 51 (RAD51). Roots were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. We applied primary antibody (Rat anti-Arabidopsis thaliana RAD51) and detected with a secondary antibody (Goat anti-rat IgG FITC). The analysis of this protein showed diffuse signals at leptotene. In zygotene, signals of RAD51 were identified in unpaired chromosomes or partially paired and adjacent signals of RAD51 in paired chromosomes, confirming its close involvement with the search for chromosomal homology.
Pages 1271-1277 | Full Text PDF
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Nitrogen metabolism in the roots of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plants supplied with nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen source during hypoxia
Pollyanna Aparecida de Carvalho*, Luiz Edson Mota de Oliveira, Ladaslav Sodek, Jullyanna Nair de Carvalho
Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brasil
Colegiado de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Campus de Ciências Agrárias, CP 252, 56300-990Petrolina, PE, Brasil
Summary
The plants may be exposed to excessive soil moisture condition, in which oxygen supply (O2) to the root system becomes difficult due to the low diffusion rate gas in water. Given the fundamental importance of O2 in plants aerobic metabolism, the flooding can to affect the plants development in ecosystems. O2 lack in the cultivation substrates negatively influences the productivity of many economically important species such as rubber tree (Hevea Brasiliensis Müll.Arg.). Amazonian species undergoes flooding periods at different lifecycle stages. The application of nitrate (NO3-) has been observed to increase the plant tolerance subjected O2 deficiency.
Pages 1278-1285 | Full Text PDF
Sonia Goel, Manoj Nath, Nisha Singh, Sapna Grewal, Shilpa D’souza, Ajay Mahato, N. K. Singh*
National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa campus, New Delhi 110012, India
Summary
Here, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in high nutritional quality triticin gene (EU482413) among 21 wild wheat accessions using a targeted re-sequencing approach. Overall, 91 SNPs were found in the intronic and the hypervariable region (HVR) of the triticin gene of these 86 SNP/indels were found in the three introns and only 5 SNPs in the HVR region, probably due to strong selection pressure on the coding sequences. Wheat accession, T. monococcum 2802 showed one extra lysine residue in the HVR region. The reference sequence of the triticin was found to be similar to D genome accessions. These SNP data sets were used in phylogenetic and PCA analysis to assess the sequence diversity in these varieties.
Pages 1131-1138 | Full Text PDF
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Cross-transferable microsatellite markers from Vigna Savi. are useful for assessing genetic diversity in wild and cultivated Cajanus Adans. species
Ikechukwu O. Agbagwa, Subhojit Datta, Prakash G. Patil, Pallavi Singh, Nagaswamy Nadarajan
Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur - 208 024, India
Department of Plant Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Summary
We assessed 61 Vigna (azuki bean)-specific microsatellite markers for their cross transferability and efficiency in supporting diversity studies in Cajanus. Thirty Cajanus genotypes comprising 20 different cultivars of pigeonpea (C. cajan) and ten genotypes from five wild relatives of pigeonpea were examined in this study. Of the 61 SSR primer pairs screened, 18 amplified distinct and scorable amplicons 90-600 bp in size, revealing 32 alleles. The percentage transferability of these 18 markers ranged from 31.60% to 100%. Eight primer pairs (CEDG 56, CEDG 91, CEDG 139, CEDG 268, CEDG 275, CEDG 06, CEDG 88 and CEDG 257) amplified SSRs from the 30 genotypes examined, indicating 100% transferability.
Pages 1139-1147 | Full Text PDF
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Forage quality in cultivars of Brachiaria spp.: association of lignin and fibers with anatomical characteristics
Janaína Mauri, Vânia Helena Techio, Lisete Chamma Davide*, Daniele Laís Pereira, Fausto Souza Sobrinho, Fabrício José Pereira
Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Department of Biology, Lavras - Minas Gerais State. Zip Code 37.200-000, Brazil
Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais State. Zip Code 36.038-330, Brazil
Summary
This study aimed to assess differences in the amount of lignin and fiber in the leaves of cultivars from three species of Brachiaria. These differences were correlated with structural characteristics of sclerenchyma and vessel elements. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst.) Stapf. cv. Marandu, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. Prain. cv. Basilisk, and Brachiaria ruziziensis Kennedy (R. Germ & Evrad) cv. Kennedy were chemically and anatomically analyzed using fluorescence techniques and plant microtechnique procedures to evaluate the amount of lignin and fibers in leaves. B. brizantha showed the lowest cell-wall lignin content in fibers from the mesophyll region, and the average gray level was 177.43 compared to 197.63 for B. decumbens and 195.77 for B. ruziziensis.
Pages 1148-1153 | Full Text PDF
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Indices of bio-agroeconomic efficiency in intercropping systems of cucumber and lettuce in greenhouse
Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho, Francisco Bezerra Neto*, Bráulio Luciano Alves Rezende, Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior, Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima
Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
Departamento de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), 59625-900, Mossoró-RN, Brazil
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS), MG 37890-000, Muzambinho, Brazil
Summary
The objective of this study was to evaluate, by means of biological and agroeconomic indices, the competition between species and the profitability of intercropping cucumber and lettuce, as a function of population densities of cucumber plants, cultivars of lettuce, and times of lettuce transplantation after cucumber transplantation. Four experiments originated from two lettuce cultivars (crisp, cv. Verônica, and Iceberg, cv. Lucy Brown) intercropped with cucumber (cv. Hokushin) planted in one and two lines in the densities of 11 100 and 22 200 pl ha-1, respectively, were conducted in two greenhouses, in a randomized complete block design, to evaluate four times of lettuce transplantation (0, 10, 20 and 30 days after the cucumber transplantation). The intercropping system with the highest bio-agroeconomic superiority obtained was when the lettuce ‘Verônica’ was intercropped with cucumber at 11 100 pl ha-1, with both species transplanted on the same day.
Pages 1154-1164 | Full Text PDF
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Impact of above-ground dry matter residue from cover crops on fall-winter corn and spring-summer soybean yield under no-tillage system
Simone Cândido Ensinas, Ademar Pereira Serra*, Marlene Estevão Marchetti, Eulene Francisco da Silva, Eber Augusto Ferreira do Prado, Pedro Henrique Altomar, Elaine Reis Pinheiro Lourente, Matheus Andrade Martinez, Douglas Costa Potrich, Vanessa do Amaral Conrad, Cedrick Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa, Flávia Araújo Matos, Renata de Azambuja Silva Miranda
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Post Graduation Program in Agronomy - Crop Science, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias/Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), City of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Summary
The aim of this research was to assess the above-ground dry matter production from cover crops and its effects on soybean and corn yield in Brazilian “Cerrado”. The above-ground dry matter productions were influenced by the treatments assessed through two growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). There was interaction between the cover crops and growing seasons for above-ground dry matter of the cover crops. In relation to fall-winter corn yield, the cover crops and growing seasons showed significant effect on corn yield.
Pages 1165-1172 | Full Text PDF
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The influence of drip or furrow irrigation on yield and quality of Burley tobacco under saline conditions
Maria Isabella Sifola*, Youssef Rouphael
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
Summary
Two irrigation methods (drip and furrow) and six irrigation treatments [rainfed control (RC), and fully-irrigated with water having an electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.5 (normal water, NW), 2.5 (saline water, SW1), 5 (SW2), 10 (SW3), and 15 dS m-1 (SW4)] were factorially combined. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE, kg ha-1 mm-1), soil salt accumulation and soil moisture were measured for each treatment combination. Over the growing season the electrical conductivity of soil (ECe) across the 0.6 m soil’s top profile increased with increasing salinity of the irrigation water but more in drip- than furrow-irrigated plots [0.177 and 0.105 dS m-1 ECe (dS m-1 ECw)-1, respectively, averaged over years]. Salinity of the irrigation water did not affect yield of cured leaves in the SW2 - SW4 range.
Pages 1173-1181 | Full Text PDF
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Correlations among industrial traits in oat cultivars grown in different locations of Brazil
Maraisa Crestani Hawerroth, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, Leomar Guilherme Woyann, Cristiano Mathias Zimmer, Eder Licieri Groli, Antonio Costa de Oliveira*, Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho
Company of Agricultural Research and Rural Extension of Santa Catarina State (EPAGRI), Abílio Franco Street 1500, Bom Sucesso, 89500-000, SC, Caçador, Brazil
School of Agronomy, Department of Agrarian Studies, Regional University of Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Comércio Street, 300, 98700-000, RS, Ijuí, Brazil
Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Gomes Carneiro Street 01, 96010-900, RS, Pelotas, Brazil
Summary
This study aimed to estimate the correlations between traits related to industrial performance of oat cultivars grown in different environments. Also, the genetic correlation coefficients were partitioned by path analysis in in direct and indirect effects on industrial yield of grains, in order to identify traits that could be adopted in indirect selection strategies. The performance and the relationships between traits were modified in response to environmental effects, which can compromise the effectiveness of indirect selection. Hectoliter mass did not show a causal association with industrial yield. Grain yield, index of grains larger than 2 mm and number of grains per panicle presented positive direct effects on industrial yield of grains, however just the grain yield showed a strong and stable association. Thus, grain yield seems to be the most successful process of indirect selection for the genetic improvement of industrial yield of grains.
Pages 1182-1189 | Full Text PDF
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Resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis in Coffea arabica L. progenies
Elder Andreazi*, Gustavo Hiroshi Sera, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, Tumoru Sera, Luciana Harumi Shigueoka, Filipe Gimenez Carvalho, Fernando César Carducci
Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86.057-970, Londrina-PR-Brazil
Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 375, Três Marcos, CEP 86047-902, Londrina-PR-Brazil
Summary
The aggressiveness and rapid spread of Meloidogyne paranaensis in several coffee-producing regions of Brazil has drawn considerable attention. Some coffee cultivars are resistant to root-knot nematode. Especially a limited number of ungrafted Arabica cultivars have shown resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to identify resistance to M. paranaensis in C. arabica progenies.
Pages 1190-1196 | Full Text PDF
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Physiological maturity of pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus) seeds and its correlation with fruit equatorial diameter
Thiago Alberto Ortiz*, Aline Moritz, Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi
Post Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Londrina (Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL), 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil. CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education])
Post Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Londrina (Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL), 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil. CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education])
Agronomy Department, UEL, 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Brazil
Summary
The goal of the present study was to determine the physiological maturity point for pitahaya seeds (Hylocereus undatus) on the basis of seed maturation indices and to correlate this timing with the fruit equatorial diameter. The physiological maturity of pitahaya seeds reached between 28 and 31 DAA. Their highest DW and lowest MC were observed at 28 DAA. At 29 DAA, the reorganization of the membrane system was favored, as indicated by the EC. The highest RL was observed at 30 DAA, with the highest PG and SL occurring at 31 DAA.
Pages 1197-1204 | Full Text PDF
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Modeling of nutrients demands in garlic crop
Mário Lúcio Pereira Cunha*, Thaísa Fernanda Oliveira, Junia Maria Clemente, Talita Gabriela Gentil, Leonardo Angelo de Aquino
Crop Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil
Summary
The aim of this study was to find out models on nutrient demands of the garlic crop to produce the bulb yield. The linear models explained the behavior of nutrients in the deficiency range, whereas the second type explained the behavior of those found in the transition between the deficiency range and the sufficiency range.
Pages 1205-1213 | Full Text PDF
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Nutritional components of growth of Arabica coffee genotypes cultivated under different levels of phosphorus fertilization studied by path analysis
Wagner Nunes Rodrigues, Tafarel Victor Colodetti, Lima Deleon Martins, Sebastião Vinicius Batista Brinate, Marcelo Antonio Tomaz, José Francisco Teixeira do Amaral
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alto Universitário, s/nº, Cx Postal 16, Bairro Guararema, CEP: 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Brazil
Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Brazil
Summary
The high nutritional exigency of new cultivars of coffee led this study to estimate correlations between nutrient contents and to estimate their direct and indirect effects, by path analysis, over the early growth of eight genotypes of Coffea arabica L, cultivated in environments with different levels of phosphorus supply. Significant correlations were observed between nutritional components, and these correlations are modulated by environmental factors, such as soil type and water supply. Different levels of phosphorus fertilization promotes interactions between P×Mg, K×Ca, Ca×Mg, Ca×Mn, Ca×Zn; Mg×Mn, Cu×Fe, Cu×Mn, and Mg×Zn.
Pages 1214-1220 | Full Text PDF
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The influence of gibberellic acid on the chlorophyll fluorescence, protein content and PAL activity of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu) fruits
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker*, Ali Majrashi, Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce
School of Agriculture Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Summary
A study was carried out to investigate the effects of gibberellic acid on chlorophyll fluorescence, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Syzygium samarangense var. jambu madu fruits. Results revealed that 50 mg L-1 GA3 treatment increased chlorophyll content, soluble protein and produced the highest chlorophyll fluorescence and quantum yield. It was observed that 50 mg L-1 GA3 treatments increased the PAL activity and anthocyanin content of fruits significantly. Furthermore, a positive correlation (R2 = 0.69) between the PAL activity and anthocyanin biosynthesis was observed in treated fruit.
Pages 1221-1227 | Full Text PDF
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Effect of lime, steel mill slag and phosphorus (P) in absorption of silicon and production of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum)
Leandro Rosatto Moda*, Renato de Mello Prado, Reinaldo José Alvarez Puente, Rilner Alves Flores, Carlos Leandro Rodrigues dos Santos and Marcus André Ribeiro Correia
Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Caixa Postal 54, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
Universidad de Sancti Spiritus, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Escola de Agronomia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brasil
Instituto Federal de Tocantins, Araguatins, Tocantins, Brasil
Summary
Many pasture areas have Al toxicity, P deficiency and low pH as limiting factors; thus, slag from steel mill can improve Tanzania grass phosphate nutrition by the beneficial effects of the interaction of Si and P. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the “availability” of P and Si in the soil, growth, P and Si accumulation and dry matter production in Tanzania grass plants. There were increases in the variables plant growth and forage production with increases in available P, suggesting the use of slag as a soil amendment.
Pages 1228-1235 | Full Text PDF
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Anatomical and structural changes in response to application of silicon (Si) in vitro during the acclimatization of banana cv. ‘Grand Naine’
Simone Abreu Asmar, Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares*, Renata Alves Lara Silva, Moacir Pasqual, Leila Aparecida Salles Pio, Evaristo Mauro de Castro
Federal University of Uberlandia, Agriculture Department, Campus Santa Mônica, CX 593, 37200-000 Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
Agriculture Department, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
Summary
This study aimed at evaluating possible effects of silicon application during in vitro culture of banana plants (cv. ‘Grand Naine’) on structural and anatomical characteristics of leaves of acclimatized plants. The presence of silicate in the culture medium favored increased stomatal density on both sides of the leaves and increased the polar diameter/equatorial diameter ratio on the abaxial side. The thicknesses of mesophyll and chlorophyll content were also enhanced in the presence of silicon, mainly when the source used was the calcium silicate.
Pages 1236-1241 | Full Text PDF
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Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) ratios for propagation of Eucalyptus hybrid in two different in vitro cultivation systems
Wesley Pires Flausino Máximo, Paulo Augusto Almeida Santos, Evânia Galvão Mendonça, Breno Régis Santos, Luciano Vilela Paiva*
Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Department of Chemistry, Campus, Post Office Box 3037, 37200000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Department of Biology, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jardim Rosa Elze, 49100000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Department of Forestry, Rod. BR-465, Km 7, 23895000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Nature Science Institute, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, n 700, Centro, 37130000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
Summary
Eucalyptus has been cultivated around the world for timber and pulp. Production of seedlings for cropping is one of the key stages for their cultivation which requires strict control of material nutrition. In vitro studies of specific nutrients such as Nitrogen have been particularly important for identifying productivity gains since this element may affect plant growth. This study was aimed at identifying which are the most effective ratios between nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) as a nitrogen supply for a commercial hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla under two in vitro cultivation systems (a temporary immersion bioreactor and a semisolid medium).
Pages 1242-1248 | Full Text PDF
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Effect of drought stress on periods prior of weed interference in bean crop using arbitrary and tolerance estimation
Mariana C. Parreira, Arthur A.M. Barroso, João M. Portugal, Pedro L.da C.A. Alves*
College of Agronomy, Pará Federal University, Cametá, PA, CEP 68400-400, Brazil
Department of Applied Biology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14844-900, Brazil
Department of Biosciences, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Beja, Portugal
Summary
The present study was designed to determine the periods prior of weed interference on bean crops subjected to conditions of hydric comfort and drought, using two distinct approaches: arbitrary level of 5% productivity loss and tolerance level. Beta maritima was the major weed interfering in bean. Drought stress reduced the bean productivity up to 63%, where weeds reduced it by 65%. The tolerance level was more sensitive to abiotic stress influence in weed-crop interference.
Pages 1249-1256 | Full Text PDF
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Assessment of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and rhizobia as multi-strain biofertilizer on growth and N2 fixation of rice plant
K.Z. Tan, O. Radziah, MS. Halimi, AR. Khairuddin, Z.H. Shamsuddin*
Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Division of Agrotechnology and Biosciences, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
Summary
Recently, there has been much interest on the application of PGPR-rhizobia multi-strain biofertilizer to enhance growth and yield of agricultural crops. A glasshouse experiment on rice plants was conducted to quantify the uptake of N derived from N2 fixation by multi-strain inocula consisting of a locally isolated PGPR, UPMB19 (Lysinibacillus xylantilyticus), and an indigenous rhizobia, UPMR30 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum). 15N isotope dilution technique was used to elucidate the N2-fixing and plant growth-promoting efficiency of the inocula through single and mixed applications.
Pages 1257-1264 | Full Text PDF
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Differential responses produced by silicon (Si) on photosynthetic pigments in two pepper cultivars exposed to water deficiency
Talitha Soares Pereira, Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato*, Milton Hélio Lima da Silva, Elaine Maria Silva Guedes Lobato, Daniele Viana da Costa, Eldenira Barbosa Uchôa, Railan do Nascimento Ferreira, Emilly dos Santos Pereira, Benedito Gomes dos Santos Filho, Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa, Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura
Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Brazil
Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Summary
This study aims to (i) investigate the silicon action on photosynthetic pigments, as well as (ii) to determine the optimal Si level for each cultivar, and (iii) establish a possible interference on carbon compounds in two Capsicum annuum cultivars exposed to water deficiency. The Si application caused reduction in total soluble carbohydrates of two cultivars, with the values of 1.26 and 0.96 mM Si for Ikeda and Vermelho Gigante, respectively. The cultivars presented differential behavior linked to photosynthetic pigments, in which only Vermelho Gigante cultivar showed increase, after 0.99 mM Si treatment.
Pages 1265-1270 | Full Text PDF
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Frequency of the RAD51 (radiation sensitive 51) recombinase in species and hybrids of Brachiaria and relationship with genetic variability
Cristina Maria Pinto de Paula, Dayane Cristina Lima, Fausto Souza Sobrinho, Vânia Helena Techio*
Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Department of Biology/DBI, P.O. Box 3037, Lavras - Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite (CNPGL), Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Summary
This study identified and compared the frequency of homology and recombination hotspots in sexual diploid and tetraploid species, apomictic tetraploids and hybrids of Brachiaria, by immunolocalization of the radiation sensitive 51 (RAD51). Roots were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. We applied primary antibody (Rat anti-Arabidopsis thaliana RAD51) and detected with a secondary antibody (Goat anti-rat IgG FITC). The analysis of this protein showed diffuse signals at leptotene. In zygotene, signals of RAD51 were identified in unpaired chromosomes or partially paired and adjacent signals of RAD51 in paired chromosomes, confirming its close involvement with the search for chromosomal homology.
Pages 1271-1277 | Full Text PDF
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Nitrogen metabolism in the roots of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plants supplied with nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen source during hypoxia
Pollyanna Aparecida de Carvalho*, Luiz Edson Mota de Oliveira, Ladaslav Sodek, Jullyanna Nair de Carvalho
Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brasil
Colegiado de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Campus de Ciências Agrárias, CP 252, 56300-990Petrolina, PE, Brasil
Summary
The plants may be exposed to excessive soil moisture condition, in which oxygen supply (O2) to the root system becomes difficult due to the low diffusion rate gas in water. Given the fundamental importance of O2 in plants aerobic metabolism, the flooding can to affect the plants development in ecosystems. O2 lack in the cultivation substrates negatively influences the productivity of many economically important species such as rubber tree (Hevea Brasiliensis Müll.Arg.). Amazonian species undergoes flooding periods at different lifecycle stages. The application of nitrate (NO3-) has been observed to increase the plant tolerance subjected O2 deficiency.
Pages 1278-1285 | Full Text PDF