Volume 9 Issue 8 | August 2015
Table of Contents
9(8) 2015
9(8) 2015
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2015
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | August 2015
Volume 9 Number 8 Year 2015
Volume 9 Number 8 Year 2015
Crambe (Crambe abyssinica H.) development and productivity under different sowing densities
Octavio Henrique Viana, Reginaldo Ferreira Santos*, Renato Cassol de Oliveira, Deonir Secco, Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza, Luciene Kazue Tokura*, Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva, Flαvio Gurgacz
College of Agriculture Engineering, Post-Graduation Program of Energy in Agriculture, Western Paranα State University, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
Department of Agriculture Sciences, Assis Gurgacz College, FAG, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Maringα State University, UEM, Maringα, PR, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to assess crambe growth and production under different sowing densities. The experiment was conducted on an experimental farm in the city of Cascavel - PR. The spatial arrangement proposed in this study varied according with sowing densities of 8, 12, 17.5 and 24 kg ha-1 crambe seeds with spacing of 0.45 m between rows and 5 replications in an experimental design with randomized blocks. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to regression test in ASSISTAT software. Results showed that plant height, fresh mass, dry mass, plants per linear meter and grain yield were influenced by variations in plant sowing density.
Pages 690-695 | Full Text PDF
Assessment of genetic relationship of promising potato genotypes grown in Rwanda using SSR markers
Jean Baptiste Muhinyuza*, Hussein Shimelis, Rob Melis, Julia Sibiya, Daphrose Gahakwa and Magnifique Ndambe Nzaramba
University of KwaZulu-Natal, African Centre for Crop Improvement, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Rwanda Agriculture Board, Southern Zone, P.O. Box 138 Huye, Rwanda
National Agricultural Export Development Board, P.O. Box 104 Kigali, Rwanda
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine genetic relationship among Rwandan potato genotypes using thirteen selected polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify suitable parents for breeding. The thirteen SSR primers identified 84 alleles across all genotypes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 10 with an average was 6.5. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of loci ranged from 0.51 to 0.85 with an average of 0.71. Heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.59 to 0.86 with an average of 0.75. Significant positive correlations were detected between PIC and He (r= 0.99), PIC and number of alleles (r=0.76) and, He and number of alleles (r=0.80). The genetic distance between cultivars ranged from 0.44 to 0.93 and the average was 0.68. Overall the SSR analysis provided five different genetic clusters of the potato cultivars useful for breeding.
Pages 696-700 | Full Text PDF
Estimation of contents of iron oxides using geostatistics in two hillslope curvatures of an Alfisol under sugarcane cultivation
Joγo Fernandes da Silva Jϊnior*, Josι Marques Jϊnior, Livia Arantes Camargo, Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira, Alan Rodrigo Panosso, Gener Tadeu Pereira
State University of Sγo Paulo (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brazil, P.O.Box: 4111, Jaboticabal 31587-77871, Brazil
State University of Sγo Paulo (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, Sγo Paulo, Brazil, 56, Centro15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
Abstract
The spatial characterization of Fe oxides (hematite and goethite content) has usually been made by ordinary kriging (OK) considering the variogram parameters. However, OK softens local details of the spatial variation, overestimating small values and under-estimating high ones. Thus, Trans-Gaussian Kriging (TGK) becomes an alternative to have a robust estimation of the variogram, reducing outlier effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate OK and TGK algorithm performances in estimating and mapping goethite and hematite iron oxides in two hillslope curvatures on an Alfisol. The TGK estimates presented improved accuracy mapping from 0.84 to 11.1% for the Gt and from 8.23 to 0.76% for the Hm content in concave and convex hillslope curvature, respectively. In general, the TGK estimates reproduced the best results.
Pages 701-708 | Full Text PDF
Cauliflower and broccoli productivity as influenced by phosphorus fertilizer doses in a P-rich soil
Arthur Bernardes Cecνlio Filho*, Andrι Luiz Pereira da Silva, Juan Waldir Mendoza-Cortez, Josι Carlos Barbosa
Department of Plant Production, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brazil
Department of Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brazil
Research Productivity, CNPq, Brazil
Abstract
The information in the literature concerning doses of P demanded by those species is scarce and conflicting. Therefore, two experiments were conducted in the field, in 2010, in Jaboticabal, Brazil, aiming to evaluate five P doses (0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 kg ha-1 P2O5) on cauliflower and broccoli. For each experiment, brassica, the experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. At the beginning inflorescence stage, the P level in the leaves was verified to be significantly influenced by P dose only in cauliflower plants. Cauliflower (35 970 kg ha-1) and broccoli (11 425 kg ha-1) maxima productivities resulted from the respective doses of 245 and 320 kg ha-1 P2O5. In both experiments, after harvest of cauliflower and broccoli, significant effects of P doses were observed in soil P content, mass and diameter of the inflorescence, and productivity. The broccoli and cauliflower crops respond positively to P doses even in P-rich soils and that they demand different amounts of phosphorus to reach maximum productivity and inflorescence diameter and mass.
Pages 709-712 | Full Text PDF
Short-term changes in soil properties due to sanitary wastewater irrigation used as a potassium source
Silvβnio Rodrigues dos Santos, Marcos Koiti Kondo*, Polyanna Mara de Oliveira, Ildeu de Oliveira Andrade Jϊnior, Antonio Teixeira de Matos
Department of Agricultural Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Janaϊba, MG, Brazil
Northern Minas Gerais Regional Unit, Agriculture and Livestock Research Enterprise of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Nova Porteirinha, MG, Brazil
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viηosa, Viηosa, MG, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate short-term changes in soil physical and chemical properties after irrigation of cotton with preliminary treated wastewater (PTW) and tertiary treated wastewater (TTW) as potassium sources in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. After the first soil sampling, the liming, NPK fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride treatments increased the base saturation and electrical conductivity up to 0.4 m soil depth. Wastewater potassium sources did not promote chemical excesses in the four soil depths evaluated, although the sodium content increased up to 0.6 m depth with 60 kg K2O ha-1 via TTW. The same dose (60 kg K2O ha-1) via PTW decreased the soil pH in the top 0.2 m and the water-dispersible clay (WDC) level up to 0.6 m depth due to the better chemical balance of this wastewater. In general, it is recommended to use PTW when providing 60 kg K2O ha-1 in topdressing.
Pages 713-720 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
QTL mapping of soybean cyst nematode race 9: a generalized linear modeling approach
Osvin Arriagada, Marcia F. S. Ferreira, Gerardo D. L. Cervigni, Ivan Schuster, Carlos A. Scapim, Freddy Mora*
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitario, S/N, 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Center for Biochemical and Photosynthetic Studies (CEFOBI), National University of Rosario - CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
Central Cooperative for Agricultural Research (COODETEC), BR 467, km 98, C.P. 301, 85813-450, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
Department of Agronomy, University of Maringα, Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900, Maringα, Paranα, Brazil
Abstract
The Female Index (FI) is a relative measure of host suitability of a soybean line for a particular nematode population and often shows a non-normal distribution. Moreover, most quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping methods assume that the phenotype follows a normal distribution such as composite interval mapping (CIM). Therefore, a generalized linear modeling (GLM) approach was employed to map QTL for resistance to race 9 of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) using a total of 83 simple sequence repeat markers (SSR). Two GLM models were tested: model 1, where the FI was treated as a continuous variable, assuming a Gamma distribution with a logarithmic link function; and model 2, where the FI was treated as a categorical trait in a five-item hierarchy, assuming a multinomial distribution with a cumulative logit link function. The FI data of 108 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) confirmed the non-normal distribution for race 9 of the SCN (Shapiro-Wilks w=0.86, P<0.0001, skewness=1.52 and kurtosis=2.93). Eight RIL were confirmed to be resistant (FI=10), and 23 to be highly susceptible (FI=100). Both GLM models identified one QTL for SCN on the molecular linkage group G, between the markers Satt275 and Satt038 at 48.4 centiMorgans (P=0.017 and 0.033, for models 1 and 2, respectively).
Pages 721-727 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
Effect of sulphur dose on the productivity and quality of onions
Luiz Felipe Gevenez de Souza, Arthur Bernardes Cecνlio Filho*, Fred Alberto de Tϊlio, Rodrigo Hiyoshi Dalmazzo Nowaki
Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brazil - CEP 14884-900
Fellow of Productivity in Research, CNPq, Brazil
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of S dose (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 kg ha-1) on the soil and the development, productivity, and quality of the 'Perfecta' onion cultivar. The experiment was conducted in Jaboticabal, Brazil, from 30 May to 10 October 2011. Maximum height (0.76 m), number of leaves per plant (7.2), dry weight of leaves (201.6 g), and productivity (79 t ha-1) of the 'Perfecta' onions were obtained with doses of 57, 41, 47, and 45 kg S ha-1, respectively. Onion productivity was 16% lower, when S was not applied. About 47% of total production of bulbs was ranked in classes 3 and 4, with higher commercial value. The highest percentage of bulbs (63%) in classes 3 and 4 was obtained with 47 kg S ha-1.
Pages 728-733 | Full Text PDF
Physical properties of Rhodic Hapludox (Oxisol) soil under different oat managements of integrated crop-livestock system
Deise Dalazen Castagnara*, Paulo Sιrgio Rabello de Oliveira, Lucas Guilherme Bulegon, Marcela Abbado Neres, Jeferson Tiago Piano, Tiago Zoz, Ismael Fernando Schegoscheski Gerhardt
Crop Production Department, Pampas Federal University-UNIPAMPA. BR 472 - Km 592, Zip Code: 97501-970, Box: 118. Uruguaiana - RS - Brazil
Agricultural Sciences Center, Parana Western State University - UNIOESTE. Pernambuco street, 1777, Box 91, Zip Code: 85960-000, Marechal Cβndido Rondon - PR, Brazil
Mato Grosso do Sul State University - UEMS. MS 306 - Km 06, Zip Code: 79540-000, Cassilandia, MS, Brazil.
North Fluminense State University - UENF. Alberto Lamego Avenue, 2000. Zip Code: 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ, Brazil
Abstract
The current study aimed at the effects of residual straw deposition from cultivation of white oat (Avena sativa) on physical properties of a Rhodic Hapludox (Oxisol) soil during fall-winter (2009 and 2011) under an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS). The experiment was implemented at field condition in a factorial scheme on a randomized blocks design with three replications. Six white oat managements were evaluated. After the white oat management, soybean and corn were grown in the summers of 2009 and 2010, respectively. The residual straw of white oat was quantified before the summer crop sowing. The macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and soil bulk density were evaluated in layers of 0-10 and 11-20 cm deep after each growth. The results showed an increase in macroporosity. A decrease was also observed in microporosity and the soil bulk density in white oat management under conventional tillage. However, there was no difference in total porosity. There was an increase in macroporosity and soil total porosity in the white oat management under no tillage during the successive crops (white oat in the winter/summer growth) (2.5 years).
Pages 734-743 | Full Text PDF
Molecular and biochemical characterization of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in upland rice under drought
Karinne Evaristo de Deus, Anna Cristina Lanna, Fernanda Raquel Martins Abreu, Ricardo Diσgenes Dias Silveira, Wendell Jacinto Pereira, Claudio Brondani, Rosana Pereira Vianello*
Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Goiαs (Federal University of Goias), Goiβnia, GO, 74001-970, Brazil
Agrofisiologia Laboratory, Embrapa Arroz e Feijγo (Embrapa Rice and Beans), Santo Antτnio de Goiαs, GO, 75375-000, Brazil
School of Agronomy and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, GO, 74001-970, Brazil
Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Arroz e Feijγo, Santo Antonio de Goias, GO, 75375-000, Brazil
Abstract
In this study, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity and the gene expression levels of eight isoforms of SOD were evaluated in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive varieties of upland rice, Oryza sativa japonica (the Primavera and Douradγo cultivars), including shoot and root tissues in two stages of plant development, grown under normal and restricted irrigation. The SOD activity was determined by Bradford method and the gene expression by qPCR experiments. In the tolerant cultivar, SOD enzymatic activity increased significantly (p = 0.05) only in the root tissue in the reproductive stage (268.00 Un Mg-1), whereas in the sensitive cultivar, SOD increased in the leaf (112.17 Un Mg-1) and root (172.56 Un Mg-1) tissues in the reproductive stage. The genes CuZnSOD4 and MnSOD showed significant increases in expression (p = 0.05) in both tissues and developmental stages in the tolerant cultivar under drought, whereas FeSOD1 showed increased expression (p = 0.05) only in the tolerant genotype (vegetative stage/leaf and root) under water restriction.
Pages 744-753 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
Potential of the endophytic bacteria (Herbaspirillim spp. and Bacillus spp.) to promote sugarcane growth
Joγo Manoel da Silva*, Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos, Ludmilla Santos de Albuquerque, Yamina Coentro Montaldo, Josι Ubaldo Lima de Oliveira, Sybelle Geσrgia Mesquita da Silva, Maisa Silva Nascimento, Raiza da Rocha Oliveira Teixeira
Federal University of Sergipe, Sγo Cristσvγo, Brazil
Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo, Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the endophytic bacteria Herbaspirillus spp. and the Bacillus spp. in sugarcane growth promotion. The isolates were obtained from sugarcane and subjected to qualitative production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), gibberellins, cytokinins, antagonism, phosphate solubilization and rout and budding of sugarcane gems. Four isolates (ISO1, ISO3, ISO4 and ISO5) were able to produce auxins in vitro. To detect the presence of gibberellins and cytokinins, isolate 4 (ISO4) showed the greatest proportional weight of cotyledons differing significantly than the other treatments and the control.
Pages 754-760 | Full Text PDF
Evaluation of macronutrient demand in calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)
Daniella N.M. Carneiro, Lνvia L. Coelho, Patrνcia D.O. Paiva*, Elka F.A. Almeida, Leandro F. Carneiro
Federal University of Goiαs, Jataν, GO, Brazil
Federal University of Lavras, Department of Agriculture, University Campus. CEP: 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Crop Sciences. Hψjbakkegεrd Allι 13, DK-2630, Tεstrup, Denmark
Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, EPAMIG-CTSM-FERN, BR 494, Km 2, Colτnia do Bengo, CTAN, Sγo Joγo Del Rei, MG, Brazil
Abstract
Zantedeschia species are important plants in the flower market, but there is insufficient information available on nutrient absorption and accumulation for the various developmental stages of these plants. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate macronutrient accumulation in Zantedeschia aethiopica. Following acclimatization, micropropagated shoots were cultivated in pots with coconut fiber as a substrate and were fertilized with a modified version of Malavolta solution, as described. The aerial parts of the plants showed macronutrient content and accumulation in the sequences K+>N>Ca2+>S>P>Mg and K>N>P>Ca>S>Mg, respectively, with the highest values being observed between 265 and 328 days after planting.
Pages 761-766 | Full Text PDF
Release of potassium, calcium and magnesium from sugarcane straw residue under different irrigation regimes
Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior*, Rilner Alves Flores, Renato Mello Prado, Leandro Rosatto Moda
Universidade Estadual Paulista Jϊlio Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciκncias Agrαrias e Veterinαrias - Cβmpus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Solos e Adubos, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP. Brazil
Universidade Federal de Goiαs, Escola de Agronomia - Cβmpus Samambaia, CEP 74690-900 Goiβnia, GO, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this research was to estimate the nutrient release from sugarcane straw, under different irrigation regimes and duration of decomposition. The experiment was conducted in a glasshouse using 57 g of sugarcane straw, which represented a total of 10t ha-1 of straw. The straw was placed in bags made of plastic screen (mesh size 1.8mm). These bags were arranged inside the trays (total area of 567 cm²) filled with 2 dm³ of Oxisol. Sugarcane total dry mass decreased by 46% during the experiment. The nutrient release rate of potassium was 88.8%, 90.45 and 93.6% at irrigation regimes 450 mm, 900 mm and 1340 mm respectively, of calcium: 70.1%, 70.7% and 74.8% at 450 mm, 900 mm and 1340 mm respectively, of magnesium: 49.6%, 60.4% and 61.4% at 450 mm, 900 mm and 1340 mm respectively. Therefore, in regions with large amount of rainfall K application to sugarcane crop can be reduced because this nutrient can be partially supplied from the decomposed straw.
Pages 767-771 | Full Text PDF
Genetic diversity revealed dissimilarity among Mozambican cassava cultivars
Matoso Francisco Avijala, Leonardo Lopes Bhering, Leonardo de Azevedo Peixoto*, Cosme Damiγo Cruz, Pedro Crescκncio Souza Carneiro, Constantino Estevγo Cuambe, Anabela Zacarias
Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique - IIAM, Avenida das FPLM nr. 1698, Caixa Postal nr. 3598-Maputo- Moηambique
Genetics and Breeding, CNPq, Federal University of Viηosa (UFV), Minas Gerais-36570-000, Brazil
Departament of General Biology, Federal University of Viηosa, Viηosa Campus, Minas Gerais-36570-900, Brazil
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity among 21 cassava genotypes from Mozambique. We also suggested the genotypes with potential to be used as cultivars or in breeding programs based on Mahalanobis distance and agronomic performance. Estimation of relative contribution of each phenotypic trait to genetic diversity was also carried out. Genotypes were evaluated using eight phenotypic traits in an experiment at Mogincual district, Mozambique. The results showed that Tocher and UPGMA formed 4 groups and genotypes were allocated in each group for both methods. The relative contribution of the traits for diversity was based on the method of Singh. There are genetic differences among the studied genotypes. The genotypes MzMg10/096, MzMg10/630, MzMg10/240, MzMg10/314 and MzMg10/162 are potentially useful to participate in breeding programs because they are divergent with high mean for the evaluated traits. Shoot biomass weight (48.10%) and number of roots per plant (18.40%) were the most important traits for genotypes discrimination.
Pages 772-780 | Full Text PDF
Sugarcane residue incubated in soil at different temperatures and nitrogen fertilization
Risely Ferraz de Almeida*, Camila Haddad Silveira, Raquel Pinheiro da Mota, Everton Martins Arruda, Emmanuel Rezende Naves, Luma Castro de Souza, Eduardo de Sα Mendonηa, Beno Wendling
Agrarian and Veterinarian Faculty, Sγo Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICIAG, University Federal of Uberlandia - UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, University Federal of Espνrito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the influence of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 120 kg ha-1 of N) and the management of sugarcane residue (surface and incorporated) on the availability of nutrients in soils incubated at three temperatures (20, 25 and 30° C). It was concluded that there is an increase of 6.89 % N in the soil with the sugarcane residue incorporation, compared to the surface management. Total soil N increases were obtained with sugarcane residue, especially when incorporated and associated with nitrogen fertilization. There was no effect of the treatments on soil microbial biomass carbon content (S-MBC), labile carbon (Labile-C), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2) and phosphorus (P). Potassium is the nutrient that presents rapid mineralization from the residue into the soil. With the addition of the incorporated and soil surface residue caused increases in the final K+ mineralization of 42.05 % and 11.98 %, respectively.
Pages 781-789 | Full Text PDF
Octavio Henrique Viana, Reginaldo Ferreira Santos*, Renato Cassol de Oliveira, Deonir Secco, Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza, Luciene Kazue Tokura*, Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva, Flαvio Gurgacz
College of Agriculture Engineering, Post-Graduation Program of Energy in Agriculture, Western Paranα State University, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
Department of Agriculture Sciences, Assis Gurgacz College, FAG, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Maringα State University, UEM, Maringα, PR, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to assess crambe growth and production under different sowing densities. The experiment was conducted on an experimental farm in the city of Cascavel - PR. The spatial arrangement proposed in this study varied according with sowing densities of 8, 12, 17.5 and 24 kg ha-1 crambe seeds with spacing of 0.45 m between rows and 5 replications in an experimental design with randomized blocks. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to regression test in ASSISTAT software. Results showed that plant height, fresh mass, dry mass, plants per linear meter and grain yield were influenced by variations in plant sowing density.
Pages 690-695 | Full Text PDF
Assessment of genetic relationship of promising potato genotypes grown in Rwanda using SSR markers
Jean Baptiste Muhinyuza*, Hussein Shimelis, Rob Melis, Julia Sibiya, Daphrose Gahakwa and Magnifique Ndambe Nzaramba
University of KwaZulu-Natal, African Centre for Crop Improvement, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Rwanda Agriculture Board, Southern Zone, P.O. Box 138 Huye, Rwanda
National Agricultural Export Development Board, P.O. Box 104 Kigali, Rwanda
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine genetic relationship among Rwandan potato genotypes using thirteen selected polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify suitable parents for breeding. The thirteen SSR primers identified 84 alleles across all genotypes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 10 with an average was 6.5. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of loci ranged from 0.51 to 0.85 with an average of 0.71. Heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.59 to 0.86 with an average of 0.75. Significant positive correlations were detected between PIC and He (r= 0.99), PIC and number of alleles (r=0.76) and, He and number of alleles (r=0.80). The genetic distance between cultivars ranged from 0.44 to 0.93 and the average was 0.68. Overall the SSR analysis provided five different genetic clusters of the potato cultivars useful for breeding.
Pages 696-700 | Full Text PDF
Estimation of contents of iron oxides using geostatistics in two hillslope curvatures of an Alfisol under sugarcane cultivation
Joγo Fernandes da Silva Jϊnior*, Josι Marques Jϊnior, Livia Arantes Camargo, Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira, Alan Rodrigo Panosso, Gener Tadeu Pereira
State University of Sγo Paulo (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brazil, P.O.Box: 4111, Jaboticabal 31587-77871, Brazil
State University of Sγo Paulo (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, Sγo Paulo, Brazil, 56, Centro15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
Abstract
The spatial characterization of Fe oxides (hematite and goethite content) has usually been made by ordinary kriging (OK) considering the variogram parameters. However, OK softens local details of the spatial variation, overestimating small values and under-estimating high ones. Thus, Trans-Gaussian Kriging (TGK) becomes an alternative to have a robust estimation of the variogram, reducing outlier effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate OK and TGK algorithm performances in estimating and mapping goethite and hematite iron oxides in two hillslope curvatures on an Alfisol. The TGK estimates presented improved accuracy mapping from 0.84 to 11.1% for the Gt and from 8.23 to 0.76% for the Hm content in concave and convex hillslope curvature, respectively. In general, the TGK estimates reproduced the best results.
Pages 701-708 | Full Text PDF
Cauliflower and broccoli productivity as influenced by phosphorus fertilizer doses in a P-rich soil
Arthur Bernardes Cecνlio Filho*, Andrι Luiz Pereira da Silva, Juan Waldir Mendoza-Cortez, Josι Carlos Barbosa
Department of Plant Production, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brazil
Department of Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brazil
Research Productivity, CNPq, Brazil
Abstract
The information in the literature concerning doses of P demanded by those species is scarce and conflicting. Therefore, two experiments were conducted in the field, in 2010, in Jaboticabal, Brazil, aiming to evaluate five P doses (0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 kg ha-1 P2O5) on cauliflower and broccoli. For each experiment, brassica, the experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. At the beginning inflorescence stage, the P level in the leaves was verified to be significantly influenced by P dose only in cauliflower plants. Cauliflower (35 970 kg ha-1) and broccoli (11 425 kg ha-1) maxima productivities resulted from the respective doses of 245 and 320 kg ha-1 P2O5. In both experiments, after harvest of cauliflower and broccoli, significant effects of P doses were observed in soil P content, mass and diameter of the inflorescence, and productivity. The broccoli and cauliflower crops respond positively to P doses even in P-rich soils and that they demand different amounts of phosphorus to reach maximum productivity and inflorescence diameter and mass.
Pages 709-712 | Full Text PDF
Short-term changes in soil properties due to sanitary wastewater irrigation used as a potassium source
Silvβnio Rodrigues dos Santos, Marcos Koiti Kondo*, Polyanna Mara de Oliveira, Ildeu de Oliveira Andrade Jϊnior, Antonio Teixeira de Matos
Department of Agricultural Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Janaϊba, MG, Brazil
Northern Minas Gerais Regional Unit, Agriculture and Livestock Research Enterprise of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Nova Porteirinha, MG, Brazil
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viηosa, Viηosa, MG, Brazil
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate short-term changes in soil physical and chemical properties after irrigation of cotton with preliminary treated wastewater (PTW) and tertiary treated wastewater (TTW) as potassium sources in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. After the first soil sampling, the liming, NPK fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride treatments increased the base saturation and electrical conductivity up to 0.4 m soil depth. Wastewater potassium sources did not promote chemical excesses in the four soil depths evaluated, although the sodium content increased up to 0.6 m depth with 60 kg K2O ha-1 via TTW. The same dose (60 kg K2O ha-1) via PTW decreased the soil pH in the top 0.2 m and the water-dispersible clay (WDC) level up to 0.6 m depth due to the better chemical balance of this wastewater. In general, it is recommended to use PTW when providing 60 kg K2O ha-1 in topdressing.
Pages 713-720 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
QTL mapping of soybean cyst nematode race 9: a generalized linear modeling approach
Osvin Arriagada, Marcia F. S. Ferreira, Gerardo D. L. Cervigni, Ivan Schuster, Carlos A. Scapim, Freddy Mora*
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitario, S/N, 29.500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Center for Biochemical and Photosynthetic Studies (CEFOBI), National University of Rosario - CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
Central Cooperative for Agricultural Research (COODETEC), BR 467, km 98, C.P. 301, 85813-450, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
Department of Agronomy, University of Maringα, Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900, Maringα, Paranα, Brazil
Abstract
The Female Index (FI) is a relative measure of host suitability of a soybean line for a particular nematode population and often shows a non-normal distribution. Moreover, most quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping methods assume that the phenotype follows a normal distribution such as composite interval mapping (CIM). Therefore, a generalized linear modeling (GLM) approach was employed to map QTL for resistance to race 9 of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) using a total of 83 simple sequence repeat markers (SSR). Two GLM models were tested: model 1, where the FI was treated as a continuous variable, assuming a Gamma distribution with a logarithmic link function; and model 2, where the FI was treated as a categorical trait in a five-item hierarchy, assuming a multinomial distribution with a cumulative logit link function. The FI data of 108 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) confirmed the non-normal distribution for race 9 of the SCN (Shapiro-Wilks w=0.86, P<0.0001, skewness=1.52 and kurtosis=2.93). Eight RIL were confirmed to be resistant (FI=10), and 23 to be highly susceptible (FI=100). Both GLM models identified one QTL for SCN on the molecular linkage group G, between the markers Satt275 and Satt038 at 48.4 centiMorgans (P=0.017 and 0.033, for models 1 and 2, respectively).
Pages 721-727 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
Effect of sulphur dose on the productivity and quality of onions
Luiz Felipe Gevenez de Souza, Arthur Bernardes Cecνlio Filho*, Fred Alberto de Tϊlio, Rodrigo Hiyoshi Dalmazzo Nowaki
Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Sγo Paulo, Brazil - CEP 14884-900
Fellow of Productivity in Research, CNPq, Brazil
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of S dose (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 kg ha-1) on the soil and the development, productivity, and quality of the 'Perfecta' onion cultivar. The experiment was conducted in Jaboticabal, Brazil, from 30 May to 10 October 2011. Maximum height (0.76 m), number of leaves per plant (7.2), dry weight of leaves (201.6 g), and productivity (79 t ha-1) of the 'Perfecta' onions were obtained with doses of 57, 41, 47, and 45 kg S ha-1, respectively. Onion productivity was 16% lower, when S was not applied. About 47% of total production of bulbs was ranked in classes 3 and 4, with higher commercial value. The highest percentage of bulbs (63%) in classes 3 and 4 was obtained with 47 kg S ha-1.
Pages 728-733 | Full Text PDF
Physical properties of Rhodic Hapludox (Oxisol) soil under different oat managements of integrated crop-livestock system
Deise Dalazen Castagnara*, Paulo Sιrgio Rabello de Oliveira, Lucas Guilherme Bulegon, Marcela Abbado Neres, Jeferson Tiago Piano, Tiago Zoz, Ismael Fernando Schegoscheski Gerhardt
Crop Production Department, Pampas Federal University-UNIPAMPA. BR 472 - Km 592, Zip Code: 97501-970, Box: 118. Uruguaiana - RS - Brazil
Agricultural Sciences Center, Parana Western State University - UNIOESTE. Pernambuco street, 1777, Box 91, Zip Code: 85960-000, Marechal Cβndido Rondon - PR, Brazil
Mato Grosso do Sul State University - UEMS. MS 306 - Km 06, Zip Code: 79540-000, Cassilandia, MS, Brazil.
North Fluminense State University - UENF. Alberto Lamego Avenue, 2000. Zip Code: 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ, Brazil
Abstract
The current study aimed at the effects of residual straw deposition from cultivation of white oat (Avena sativa) on physical properties of a Rhodic Hapludox (Oxisol) soil during fall-winter (2009 and 2011) under an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS). The experiment was implemented at field condition in a factorial scheme on a randomized blocks design with three replications. Six white oat managements were evaluated. After the white oat management, soybean and corn were grown in the summers of 2009 and 2010, respectively. The residual straw of white oat was quantified before the summer crop sowing. The macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and soil bulk density were evaluated in layers of 0-10 and 11-20 cm deep after each growth. The results showed an increase in macroporosity. A decrease was also observed in microporosity and the soil bulk density in white oat management under conventional tillage. However, there was no difference in total porosity. There was an increase in macroporosity and soil total porosity in the white oat management under no tillage during the successive crops (white oat in the winter/summer growth) (2.5 years).
Pages 734-743 | Full Text PDF
Molecular and biochemical characterization of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in upland rice under drought
Karinne Evaristo de Deus, Anna Cristina Lanna, Fernanda Raquel Martins Abreu, Ricardo Diσgenes Dias Silveira, Wendell Jacinto Pereira, Claudio Brondani, Rosana Pereira Vianello*
Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Goiαs (Federal University of Goias), Goiβnia, GO, 74001-970, Brazil
Agrofisiologia Laboratory, Embrapa Arroz e Feijγo (Embrapa Rice and Beans), Santo Antτnio de Goiαs, GO, 75375-000, Brazil
School of Agronomy and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, GO, 74001-970, Brazil
Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Arroz e Feijγo, Santo Antonio de Goias, GO, 75375-000, Brazil
Abstract
In this study, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity and the gene expression levels of eight isoforms of SOD were evaluated in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive varieties of upland rice, Oryza sativa japonica (the Primavera and Douradγo cultivars), including shoot and root tissues in two stages of plant development, grown under normal and restricted irrigation. The SOD activity was determined by Bradford method and the gene expression by qPCR experiments. In the tolerant cultivar, SOD enzymatic activity increased significantly (p = 0.05) only in the root tissue in the reproductive stage (268.00 Un Mg-1), whereas in the sensitive cultivar, SOD increased in the leaf (112.17 Un Mg-1) and root (172.56 Un Mg-1) tissues in the reproductive stage. The genes CuZnSOD4 and MnSOD showed significant increases in expression (p = 0.05) in both tissues and developmental stages in the tolerant cultivar under drought, whereas FeSOD1 showed increased expression (p = 0.05) only in the tolerant genotype (vegetative stage/leaf and root) under water restriction.
Pages 744-753 | Full Text PDF | Supplementary Data PDF
Potential of the endophytic bacteria (Herbaspirillim spp. and Bacillus spp.) to promote sugarcane growth
Joγo Manoel da Silva*, Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos, Ludmilla Santos de Albuquerque, Yamina Coentro Montaldo, Josι Ubaldo Lima de Oliveira, Sybelle Geσrgia Mesquita da Silva, Maisa Silva Nascimento, Raiza da Rocha Oliveira Teixeira
Federal University of Sergipe, Sγo Cristσvγo, Brazil
Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo, Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the endophytic bacteria Herbaspirillus spp. and the Bacillus spp. in sugarcane growth promotion. The isolates were obtained from sugarcane and subjected to qualitative production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), gibberellins, cytokinins, antagonism, phosphate solubilization and rout and budding of sugarcane gems. Four isolates (ISO1, ISO3, ISO4 and ISO5) were able to produce auxins in vitro. To detect the presence of gibberellins and cytokinins, isolate 4 (ISO4) showed the greatest proportional weight of cotyledons differing significantly than the other treatments and the control.
Pages 754-760 | Full Text PDF
Evaluation of macronutrient demand in calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)
Daniella N.M. Carneiro, Lνvia L. Coelho, Patrνcia D.O. Paiva*, Elka F.A. Almeida, Leandro F. Carneiro
Federal University of Goiαs, Jataν, GO, Brazil
Federal University of Lavras, Department of Agriculture, University Campus. CEP: 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Crop Sciences. Hψjbakkegεrd Allι 13, DK-2630, Tεstrup, Denmark
Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, EPAMIG-CTSM-FERN, BR 494, Km 2, Colτnia do Bengo, CTAN, Sγo Joγo Del Rei, MG, Brazil
Abstract
Zantedeschia species are important plants in the flower market, but there is insufficient information available on nutrient absorption and accumulation for the various developmental stages of these plants. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate macronutrient accumulation in Zantedeschia aethiopica. Following acclimatization, micropropagated shoots were cultivated in pots with coconut fiber as a substrate and were fertilized with a modified version of Malavolta solution, as described. The aerial parts of the plants showed macronutrient content and accumulation in the sequences K+>N>Ca2+>S>P>Mg and K>N>P>Ca>S>Mg, respectively, with the highest values being observed between 265 and 328 days after planting.
Pages 761-766 | Full Text PDF
Release of potassium, calcium and magnesium from sugarcane straw residue under different irrigation regimes
Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior*, Rilner Alves Flores, Renato Mello Prado, Leandro Rosatto Moda
Universidade Estadual Paulista Jϊlio Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciκncias Agrαrias e Veterinαrias - Cβmpus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Solos e Adubos, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP. Brazil
Universidade Federal de Goiαs, Escola de Agronomia - Cβmpus Samambaia, CEP 74690-900 Goiβnia, GO, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this research was to estimate the nutrient release from sugarcane straw, under different irrigation regimes and duration of decomposition. The experiment was conducted in a glasshouse using 57 g of sugarcane straw, which represented a total of 10t ha-1 of straw. The straw was placed in bags made of plastic screen (mesh size 1.8mm). These bags were arranged inside the trays (total area of 567 cm²) filled with 2 dm³ of Oxisol. Sugarcane total dry mass decreased by 46% during the experiment. The nutrient release rate of potassium was 88.8%, 90.45 and 93.6% at irrigation regimes 450 mm, 900 mm and 1340 mm respectively, of calcium: 70.1%, 70.7% and 74.8% at 450 mm, 900 mm and 1340 mm respectively, of magnesium: 49.6%, 60.4% and 61.4% at 450 mm, 900 mm and 1340 mm respectively. Therefore, in regions with large amount of rainfall K application to sugarcane crop can be reduced because this nutrient can be partially supplied from the decomposed straw.
Pages 767-771 | Full Text PDF
Genetic diversity revealed dissimilarity among Mozambican cassava cultivars
Matoso Francisco Avijala, Leonardo Lopes Bhering, Leonardo de Azevedo Peixoto*, Cosme Damiγo Cruz, Pedro Crescκncio Souza Carneiro, Constantino Estevγo Cuambe, Anabela Zacarias
Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique - IIAM, Avenida das FPLM nr. 1698, Caixa Postal nr. 3598-Maputo- Moηambique
Genetics and Breeding, CNPq, Federal University of Viηosa (UFV), Minas Gerais-36570-000, Brazil
Departament of General Biology, Federal University of Viηosa, Viηosa Campus, Minas Gerais-36570-900, Brazil
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity among 21 cassava genotypes from Mozambique. We also suggested the genotypes with potential to be used as cultivars or in breeding programs based on Mahalanobis distance and agronomic performance. Estimation of relative contribution of each phenotypic trait to genetic diversity was also carried out. Genotypes were evaluated using eight phenotypic traits in an experiment at Mogincual district, Mozambique. The results showed that Tocher and UPGMA formed 4 groups and genotypes were allocated in each group for both methods. The relative contribution of the traits for diversity was based on the method of Singh. There are genetic differences among the studied genotypes. The genotypes MzMg10/096, MzMg10/630, MzMg10/240, MzMg10/314 and MzMg10/162 are potentially useful to participate in breeding programs because they are divergent with high mean for the evaluated traits. Shoot biomass weight (48.10%) and number of roots per plant (18.40%) were the most important traits for genotypes discrimination.
Pages 772-780 | Full Text PDF
Sugarcane residue incubated in soil at different temperatures and nitrogen fertilization
Risely Ferraz de Almeida*, Camila Haddad Silveira, Raquel Pinheiro da Mota, Everton Martins Arruda, Emmanuel Rezende Naves, Luma Castro de Souza, Eduardo de Sα Mendonηa, Beno Wendling
Agrarian and Veterinarian Faculty, Sγo Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICIAG, University Federal of Uberlandia - UFU, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
Department of Plant Production, University Federal of Espνrito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the influence of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 120 kg ha-1 of N) and the management of sugarcane residue (surface and incorporated) on the availability of nutrients in soils incubated at three temperatures (20, 25 and 30° C). It was concluded that there is an increase of 6.89 % N in the soil with the sugarcane residue incorporation, compared to the surface management. Total soil N increases were obtained with sugarcane residue, especially when incorporated and associated with nitrogen fertilization. There was no effect of the treatments on soil microbial biomass carbon content (S-MBC), labile carbon (Labile-C), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2) and phosphorus (P). Potassium is the nutrient that presents rapid mineralization from the residue into the soil. With the addition of the incorporated and soil surface residue caused increases in the final K+ mineralization of 42.05 % and 11.98 %, respectively.
Pages 781-789 | Full Text PDF
