Volume 9 Issue 4 | April 2015
Table of Contents
9(4) 2015
9(4) 2015
Southern Cross Publishing Group©2015
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
Australian Journal of Crop Science | April 2015
Volume 9 Number 4 Year 2015
Volume 9 Number 4 Year 2015
Combining ability between tropical and temperate popcorn lines for seed quality and agronomic traits
Pablo Diego Silva Cabral, Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior*, Alexandre Pio Viana, Henrique Duarte Vieira, Ismael Lourenço de Jesus Freitas, Cássio Vittorazzi, Marcelo Vivas
Laboratory of Plant Breeding, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos of Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
Laboratory of Plant Science, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
Abstract
In popcorn, the involvement of tropical and temperate genotypes is critical for genetic gains in the key traits of grain yield and popping expansion. The present work is the first reported study of combining ability involving reciprocals and seed quality traits in popcorn. The results showed that there is a strong reciprocal effect for EH, GY and seed quality, showing the need for prior indication of the male and female parents in crosses.
Pages 256-263 | Full Text PDF
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Assessment of tolerance to Aluminum toxicity in olive (Olea europaea) based on root growth and organic acid Al3+ exclusion mechanism
Tesfahun Alemu Setotaw*, Claudinéia Ferreira Nunes, Cristina Soares de Souza, Ana Paula Ribeiro, Gustavo de Faria Freitas, Daniel Angelucci de Amorim, Dalilhia Nazaré dos Santos, Moacir Pasqual, Juliano Lino Ferreira, Geraldo Magela de Almeida Cançado
Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Agency of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Av. Santa Cruz, 37780-000, Caldas, Brazil
Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) - Department of Agriculture, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory - Post Office Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Organization, Embrapa Pecuária Sul - CPPSUL, Bagé, RS - Brazil
Embrapa GenClima, Center of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology, AC Unicamp University City, 13083970, Campinas, SP - Brazil
Agricultural Research Agency of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Rua Afonso Rato, 1301, Mercês, 38060040 - Uberaba, MG - Brazil
Abstract
This work was done with the objective of evaluating the Al tolerance of six principal olive genotypes: ‘MGSASC 315’; ‘Barnea’; ‘Leccine’; ‘CLO0025’; ‘Coratina’ and ‘Mission’ based on relative root growth, organic acid exudation, and root apex hematoxylin staining analysis. For root growth and hematoxylin staining, the experiment was laid on 4 x 6 factorial (4 doses of AlCl3 (0, 250, 500 and 1000 µM), 6 genotypes of olive) in hydroponic solution under greenhouse condition. The analysis of organic acid exudation after 24 and 48h exposure to Al3+ showed citric acid involved on Al tolerance mechanism in olive, whereas malate and oxalic acid did not. Among the olive genotypes MGS ASC 315, Barnea and Leccine recorded high relative root growth and high citric acid exudation under Al stress that showed these genotypes are tolerant for Aluminum stress.
Pages 264-270 | Full Text PDF
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Maize initial growth with the inoculation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) under different soil acidity levels
Adriano Mitio Inagaki*, Vandeir Francisco Guimarães, Maria do Carmo Lana, Jeferson Klein, Andréia Cristina Peres Rodrigues da Costa, Luan Fernando Ormond Sobreira Rodrigues, Leandro Rampim
Western Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, CCA/PPGA, Pernambuco Street No. 1777, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil
Pontifical Catholic University, PUC, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
Maringá Sate University, UEM, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
São Paulo State University - UNESP, College of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Researcher on Productivity at CNPq, level 2, Brazil
Abstract
The effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on the initial growth and leaf gas exchange parameters of maize plants (Zea mays L.), and bacterial population of the root and non-rhizosphere soil were investigated under different soil acidity levels. Seeds inoculation with two PGPB strains (AbV5 and SMR1) improved the leaf area (14%), stem diameter (7%), relative chlorophyll content (14%), but had no effect on dry matter yield of maize plants, even with the changes of soil acidity levels. At 15 days after sowing, the inoculation of A. brasilense resulted in increased of diazotrophic bacteria density in the soil (15%). At 41 days after sowing, the inoculation of PGPB strains (AbV5 and SMR1) resulted in increased of diazotrophic bacteria density in the maize roots (13%). Seed inoculation with H. seropedicae enhances the nitrogen concentration in the leaf tissue of maize (12%) under soil acidity conditions and without the nitrogen supply, indicating increase in the biological nitrogen fixation.
Pages 271-280 | Full Text PDF
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Genetic background of three commercial oil palm breeding populations in Thailand revealed by SSR markers
Puntaree Taeprayoon, Patcharin Tanya*, Suk-Ha Lee, Peerasak Srinives
Program in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea,
Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
Abstract
A total of 121 oil palm (Eleais guineensis Jacq.) breeding plants from three populations designated as P1, P2 and P3 were obtained from three breeding companies located in three provinces of Thailand, viz. Prachuap Khiri Khan, Kanchanaburi and Krabi, respectively. Although, these populations came from different sources, they share some common genetic backgrounds of Deli Dura and AVROS Pisifera which are the main germplasm sources of commercial oil palm breeding programs in Thailand. All plants were assessed by 96 SSR markers from which 20 of them were polymorphic giving 109 alleles with polymorphic information contents ranged from 0.45 to 0.87 for mEgCIR580 and mEgCIR787 markers, respectively. A dendrogram constructed from Jaccard’s similarity coefficients of marker variation separated the oil palm trees into 4 clusters following their respective breeding companies.
Pages 281-288 | Full Text PDF
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Potential of Híbrido de Timor germplasm and its derived progenies for coffee quality improvement
Fabrício Moreira Sobreira*, Antonio Carlos Baião de Oliveira, Antonio Alves Pereira, Ney Sussumu Sakyiama
Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER), BR 262 km 94, 29375-000, Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES, Brazil
Embrapa Café/ Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Vila Gianeti 46, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Abstract
This work evaluated the Híbrido de Timor germplasm and the potential of its derived progenies as genetic resources to improve coffee quality, with focus on the specialty coffee market. Thirty eight Coffea arabica genotypes, comprising Híbrido de Timor genotypes, their progenies and traditional cultivars were studied. The study was conducted in a non-replicated design with intercalated checks where coffee cherry fruits were selectively handpicked and washed. Bean quality (shape and size) was assessed by a set of coffee test screens, while the sensory quality was measured using the attributes of the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) Cupping Protocols. Simple correlations and principal component analyses (PCA) were applied to analyze the data. There was high correlation for most of the sensory attributes, mainly between flavor and the final score (0.96).
Pages 289-295 | Full Text PDF
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Activity of oxidative enzymes involved in the browning of minimally processed sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Clarissa Soares Freire, Adriano do Nascimento Simões, Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior, Marcos Ribeiro da Silva Vieira*, Sérgio Luiz Ferreira da Silva, Edson Fábio da Silva
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, CEP: 59909-460, Serra Talhada, PE - Brazil
Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Departamento de Ciências Vegetais. CEP 59625000, Mossoró, RN - Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the minimally processed sweet cassava shape on postharvest physiological deterioration with emphasis on the activity of oxidative enzymes involved in the darkening of tissues. Sweet cassava roots, cv. Mossoró, were produced in the experimental field of the Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, in Serra Talhada - PE, Brazil. After 14 months, they were harvested and minimally processed in Minitolete and Rubiene shapes. The product consisting of a package containing approximately 200 g was stored at 5 ± 2 °C and 90 ± 5% RH for 11 days. Visual analysis of the processed product, total soluble phenols, polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalases and ascorbate peroxidases were evaluated. The reserve parenchyma cells, remaining on the Rubiene shape, were less responsive to postharvest physiological deterioration, in contrast to the sensitivity observed in surface tissues of the 'Minitolete shape'. This indicates that changes in the phenolic and oxidative metabolism of sweet cassava roots are tissue-dependent. The Rubiene shape maintained its quality during the 11 days of storage at 5 ± 2 °C, 4 days more if compared to the 'Minitolete shape'.
Pages 296-302 | Full Text PDF
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Research Note
Influence of organic and conventional farming on seed yield, fatty acid composition and tocopherols of Perilla
Youssef Rouphael*, Giampaolo Raimondi, Antonello Paduano, Raffaele Sacchi, Giancarlo Barbieri and Stefania De Pascale
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
Abstract
During 2005 growing season, perilla plants were grown under conventional and organic farming in a typical Mediterranean area such as Southern Italy, aiming to evaluate the biomass production and partitioning, seed yield, tocopherol content and fatty acid composition. The results of evaluations showed no difference among treatments to influence quantity of leaves, stems, flowers, and total dry weight. Organic farming caused a 27% seed yield reduction when compared to conventional farming. The seeds of perilla produced 37% oil on average. Irrespective of the farming systems, the C 18 family, in particular in a-linolenic acid (C 18:3), had the predominant fatty acid in seeds, representing 62% of the total fatty acids in the lipid fraction. No differences were recorded among treatments for the content of plamitic C16:0 (avg. 6.0%), stearic C18:0 (avg. 1.0%), and oleic C18:1 (avg. 14.0%), and linoleic acid (avg. 15.0%). No significant differences were observed between conventional and organic farming on a-tocopherol (avg. 9.2 mg kg-1), and d-tocopherol (avg. 565.9 mg kg-1), whereas the d-tocopherol was not detected. In summary, it has been possible to produce high quality seeds of perilla under both conventional and organic farming. Improvement in management techniques and cultivation factors are highly needed to fill the gap between organic and conventional yields and also to enhance and standardize the quality of organic products.
Pages 303-308 | Full Text PDF
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Eggplant production in a protected environment with plant vibration
Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso*, Ariane da Cunha Salata, Felipe Oliveira Magro
UNESP - São Paulo State University, Department of Horticulture, Caixa Postal 237, 18603-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of eggplant fruit according to plant vibration in two types of protected environments, with and without an aphid-proof screen, preventing or permitting the entry of pollinators. Two eggplant hybrids (Roxelle, clear purple color and round shape fruits, and Kokushi, purple color and elongated fruits), two vibration treatments (with or without plant vibration), and two environments (with or without screen) were assessed. It was concluded that the presence of insects in the open environment increases marketable fruit yield only in hybrid Roxelle (2120 and 1172 g plant-1, with and without insects, respectivelly), the number of seeds per fruit in both hybrids in treatment without plant vibration (average of 584 and 110 seeds, with and without insects, respectivelly), and that plant vibration may partially replace the absence of pollinator insects in a closed environment protected with a screen, with an increase in fruit yield.
Pages 309-312 | Full Text PDF
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Polyamine, peroxidase activity and total protein content during storage of bird-of-paradise
Marcos Ribeiro da Silva Vieira*, Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima, Fabio Vianello, Angela Vacaro de Souza, Adriano do Nascimento Simões, Fabiana Bezerra de Moura
Department of Production Vegetable, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE - Brazil
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Italy
Abstract
The present study was aimed to the determination of the effect of storage on some biochemical characteristics (PAs content, POX activity and total protein content) of flower tissue of bird-of-paradise. Flowers were selected and labeled, avoiding any mechanical damage, and randomly distributed in recipients for two postharvest trials. In the first experiment, flowers were placed in recipients containing tap water and stored in a cold room, at 7.5 ºC and 90 % RH, for a period of 12 days. In experiment 2, flowers were stored in room temperature for a period of 6 days. For biochemical characteristics, samples (sepals, petals, stems and bracts) from experiment 1 were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 days, and at 0, 2, 4 and 6 days for experiment 2. Results showed that flower bracts, stored at 7.5 °C, presented a lower content of PAs (Put and Spd), when compared to samples stored at room temperature. In both experiments, a high content of PAs (Spm) was observed in flower tissues in relation to Put and Spd. An increase of POX activity was observed in sepals stored in the cold, and was related to PAs degradation during senescence. No differences in total protein content were observed between the two treatments. The present study provides numeric results on changes in level of PAs, POX activity and total protein during postharvest of bird-of-paradise.
Pages 313-320 | Full Text PDF
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Review Article
Molecular mechanisms of plant salinity tolerance: a review
Kaivan Bahmani*, Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori, Ali Izadi Darbandi, Azam Akbari
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Accompanied with increasing world's population, we need more food. In the other hands, most important crops and vegetables are susceptible to salinity. Unfortunately the salinization process in agricultural fields will decrease the suitable land for cultivation by 30% within the next 25 years, and up to 50% by the year 2050. Therefore, developments of salt tolerant crops can be the best and most practical way to produce enough food. In the course of evolution, plants have developed several protecting mechanisms (avoidance and tolerance) so as to adapt to salt stress. Understanding the cellular basis of salt stress tolerance mechanisms is necessary for breeding and genetic engineering of salt tolerance in crops. Tolerance mechanisms mainly are applicable to practical manipulations. Tolerance mechanisms in plant can be categorized as: a)-antioxidative defense, b)-ion homeostasis, c)-compatible solute and d)-transcription factors. In this review we tried to make a comprehensive review on these 4 tolerance mechanisms from the molecular aspects.
Pages 321-336 | Full Text PDF
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A quick test using seeds for detecting dicamba resistance in fathen (Chenopodium album)
Hossein Ghanizadeh, Kerry C. Harrington*, Trevor K. James, David J. Woolley
Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, PB 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, PB 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
Abstract
A quick test was developed using seeds in petri dishes to detect resistance to dicamba in fathen (Chenopodium album L.) which has developed in some maize fields in Waikato, New Zealand. Seeds were collected from four Waikato maize fields (populations A, B, L and M) where dicamba has been applied for many years, and also three sites (populations C, P and Y) where dicamba was unlikely to have been used. Following a dormancy-breaking procedure, seeds of each population were germinated in petri dishes containing a range of dicamba concentrations from 0.02 to 0.32 mg L-1. The length of seedling hypocotyls and radicles was measured 14 days later, and these were found to be significantly shorter at most dicamba concentrations for five of the populations (A, B, C, P and Y) compared with the seedlings from populations L and M at the same concentrations. Dose response curves estimated populations L and M were 22 and 48 times more resistant, respectively, than the other five populations. The seven populations were also grown in pots in two separate greenhouse experiments, sprayed with a range of dicamba rates after 1 month then shoot weight was measured 7 weeks later. The greenhouse experiments confirmed that populations L and M were the only two dicamba resistant populations. The petri dish test was much quicker and has seldom been used previously for auxinic herbicides but over-estimated the levels of resistance which were approximately 7-fold and 19-fold for populations L and M respectively in the greenhouse experiments.
Pages 337-343 | Full Text PDF
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Physiological responses of rice cultivars exposed to different temperatures and flood depths in a water seeded system
Gerson Meneghetti Sarzi Sartori*, Enio Marchesan, Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso, Júlia Gomes Farias, Cristian Fernandes Azevedo, Lucas Lopes Coelho, Maurício Limberger de Oliveira
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria - RS, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
Abstract
Temperature and flood depths influence the growth and development of irrigated rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial response of two rice genotypes on oxidative stress, growth and nitrogen accumulation of rice seedlings under different temperatures and flood depths in a water seeded system. The study was conducted in 2012 using a phytotron chamber. Treatments were a combination of two air temperatures regimes (17 and 20°C), two rice genotypes (IRGA 425 and Epagri114) and three flood dephs (1, 5 and 9 cm). The results showed that temperature affected seedling performance, with greater dry mass for roots and shoots, as well as greater nitrogen accumulation at 20°C at a flood depth of 1 cm for both genotypes. The H2O2 concentration in the root increased with increasing flood depth, with a significantly greater increase for the 114 Epagri genotype. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) varied depending on the genotype, with SOD being the most expressive, increasing its activity with increasing flood depth.
Pages 344-354 | Full Text PDF
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Pablo Diego Silva Cabral, Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior*, Alexandre Pio Viana, Henrique Duarte Vieira, Ismael Lourenço de Jesus Freitas, Cássio Vittorazzi, Marcelo Vivas
Laboratory of Plant Breeding, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos of Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
Laboratory of Plant Science, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
Abstract
In popcorn, the involvement of tropical and temperate genotypes is critical for genetic gains in the key traits of grain yield and popping expansion. The present work is the first reported study of combining ability involving reciprocals and seed quality traits in popcorn. The results showed that there is a strong reciprocal effect for EH, GY and seed quality, showing the need for prior indication of the male and female parents in crosses.
Pages 256-263 | Full Text PDF
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Assessment of tolerance to Aluminum toxicity in olive (Olea europaea) based on root growth and organic acid Al3+ exclusion mechanism
Tesfahun Alemu Setotaw*, Claudinéia Ferreira Nunes, Cristina Soares de Souza, Ana Paula Ribeiro, Gustavo de Faria Freitas, Daniel Angelucci de Amorim, Dalilhia Nazaré dos Santos, Moacir Pasqual, Juliano Lino Ferreira, Geraldo Magela de Almeida Cançado
Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Agency of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Av. Santa Cruz, 37780-000, Caldas, Brazil
Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) - Department of Agriculture, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory - Post Office Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
Brazilian Agricultural Research Organization, Embrapa Pecuária Sul - CPPSUL, Bagé, RS - Brazil
Embrapa GenClima, Center of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology, AC Unicamp University City, 13083970, Campinas, SP - Brazil
Agricultural Research Agency of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Rua Afonso Rato, 1301, Mercês, 38060040 - Uberaba, MG - Brazil
Abstract
This work was done with the objective of evaluating the Al tolerance of six principal olive genotypes: ‘MGSASC 315’; ‘Barnea’; ‘Leccine’; ‘CLO0025’; ‘Coratina’ and ‘Mission’ based on relative root growth, organic acid exudation, and root apex hematoxylin staining analysis. For root growth and hematoxylin staining, the experiment was laid on 4 x 6 factorial (4 doses of AlCl3 (0, 250, 500 and 1000 µM), 6 genotypes of olive) in hydroponic solution under greenhouse condition. The analysis of organic acid exudation after 24 and 48h exposure to Al3+ showed citric acid involved on Al tolerance mechanism in olive, whereas malate and oxalic acid did not. Among the olive genotypes MGS ASC 315, Barnea and Leccine recorded high relative root growth and high citric acid exudation under Al stress that showed these genotypes are tolerant for Aluminum stress.
Pages 264-270 | Full Text PDF
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Maize initial growth with the inoculation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) under different soil acidity levels
Adriano Mitio Inagaki*, Vandeir Francisco Guimarães, Maria do Carmo Lana, Jeferson Klein, Andréia Cristina Peres Rodrigues da Costa, Luan Fernando Ormond Sobreira Rodrigues, Leandro Rampim
Western Paraná State University - UNIOESTE, CCA/PPGA, Pernambuco Street No. 1777, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil
Pontifical Catholic University, PUC, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
Maringá Sate University, UEM, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
São Paulo State University - UNESP, College of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Researcher on Productivity at CNPq, level 2, Brazil
Abstract
The effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on the initial growth and leaf gas exchange parameters of maize plants (Zea mays L.), and bacterial population of the root and non-rhizosphere soil were investigated under different soil acidity levels. Seeds inoculation with two PGPB strains (AbV5 and SMR1) improved the leaf area (14%), stem diameter (7%), relative chlorophyll content (14%), but had no effect on dry matter yield of maize plants, even with the changes of soil acidity levels. At 15 days after sowing, the inoculation of A. brasilense resulted in increased of diazotrophic bacteria density in the soil (15%). At 41 days after sowing, the inoculation of PGPB strains (AbV5 and SMR1) resulted in increased of diazotrophic bacteria density in the maize roots (13%). Seed inoculation with H. seropedicae enhances the nitrogen concentration in the leaf tissue of maize (12%) under soil acidity conditions and without the nitrogen supply, indicating increase in the biological nitrogen fixation.
Pages 271-280 | Full Text PDF
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Genetic background of three commercial oil palm breeding populations in Thailand revealed by SSR markers
Puntaree Taeprayoon, Patcharin Tanya*, Suk-Ha Lee, Peerasak Srinives
Program in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea,
Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
Abstract
A total of 121 oil palm (Eleais guineensis Jacq.) breeding plants from three populations designated as P1, P2 and P3 were obtained from three breeding companies located in three provinces of Thailand, viz. Prachuap Khiri Khan, Kanchanaburi and Krabi, respectively. Although, these populations came from different sources, they share some common genetic backgrounds of Deli Dura and AVROS Pisifera which are the main germplasm sources of commercial oil palm breeding programs in Thailand. All plants were assessed by 96 SSR markers from which 20 of them were polymorphic giving 109 alleles with polymorphic information contents ranged from 0.45 to 0.87 for mEgCIR580 and mEgCIR787 markers, respectively. A dendrogram constructed from Jaccard’s similarity coefficients of marker variation separated the oil palm trees into 4 clusters following their respective breeding companies.
Pages 281-288 | Full Text PDF
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Potential of Híbrido de Timor germplasm and its derived progenies for coffee quality improvement
Fabrício Moreira Sobreira*, Antonio Carlos Baião de Oliveira, Antonio Alves Pereira, Ney Sussumu Sakyiama
Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER), BR 262 km 94, 29375-000, Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES, Brazil
Embrapa Café/ Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Vila Gianeti 46, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
Abstract
This work evaluated the Híbrido de Timor germplasm and the potential of its derived progenies as genetic resources to improve coffee quality, with focus on the specialty coffee market. Thirty eight Coffea arabica genotypes, comprising Híbrido de Timor genotypes, their progenies and traditional cultivars were studied. The study was conducted in a non-replicated design with intercalated checks where coffee cherry fruits were selectively handpicked and washed. Bean quality (shape and size) was assessed by a set of coffee test screens, while the sensory quality was measured using the attributes of the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) Cupping Protocols. Simple correlations and principal component analyses (PCA) were applied to analyze the data. There was high correlation for most of the sensory attributes, mainly between flavor and the final score (0.96).
Pages 289-295 | Full Text PDF
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Activity of oxidative enzymes involved in the browning of minimally processed sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Clarissa Soares Freire, Adriano do Nascimento Simões, Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior, Marcos Ribeiro da Silva Vieira*, Sérgio Luiz Ferreira da Silva, Edson Fábio da Silva
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, CEP: 59909-460, Serra Talhada, PE - Brazil
Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Departamento de Ciências Vegetais. CEP 59625000, Mossoró, RN - Brazil
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the minimally processed sweet cassava shape on postharvest physiological deterioration with emphasis on the activity of oxidative enzymes involved in the darkening of tissues. Sweet cassava roots, cv. Mossoró, were produced in the experimental field of the Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, in Serra Talhada - PE, Brazil. After 14 months, they were harvested and minimally processed in Minitolete and Rubiene shapes. The product consisting of a package containing approximately 200 g was stored at 5 ± 2 °C and 90 ± 5% RH for 11 days. Visual analysis of the processed product, total soluble phenols, polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalases and ascorbate peroxidases were evaluated. The reserve parenchyma cells, remaining on the Rubiene shape, were less responsive to postharvest physiological deterioration, in contrast to the sensitivity observed in surface tissues of the 'Minitolete shape'. This indicates that changes in the phenolic and oxidative metabolism of sweet cassava roots are tissue-dependent. The Rubiene shape maintained its quality during the 11 days of storage at 5 ± 2 °C, 4 days more if compared to the 'Minitolete shape'.
Pages 296-302 | Full Text PDF
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Research Note
Influence of organic and conventional farming on seed yield, fatty acid composition and tocopherols of Perilla
Youssef Rouphael*, Giampaolo Raimondi, Antonello Paduano, Raffaele Sacchi, Giancarlo Barbieri and Stefania De Pascale
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
Abstract
During 2005 growing season, perilla plants were grown under conventional and organic farming in a typical Mediterranean area such as Southern Italy, aiming to evaluate the biomass production and partitioning, seed yield, tocopherol content and fatty acid composition. The results of evaluations showed no difference among treatments to influence quantity of leaves, stems, flowers, and total dry weight. Organic farming caused a 27% seed yield reduction when compared to conventional farming. The seeds of perilla produced 37% oil on average. Irrespective of the farming systems, the C 18 family, in particular in a-linolenic acid (C 18:3), had the predominant fatty acid in seeds, representing 62% of the total fatty acids in the lipid fraction. No differences were recorded among treatments for the content of plamitic C16:0 (avg. 6.0%), stearic C18:0 (avg. 1.0%), and oleic C18:1 (avg. 14.0%), and linoleic acid (avg. 15.0%). No significant differences were observed between conventional and organic farming on a-tocopherol (avg. 9.2 mg kg-1), and d-tocopherol (avg. 565.9 mg kg-1), whereas the d-tocopherol was not detected. In summary, it has been possible to produce high quality seeds of perilla under both conventional and organic farming. Improvement in management techniques and cultivation factors are highly needed to fill the gap between organic and conventional yields and also to enhance and standardize the quality of organic products.
Pages 303-308 | Full Text PDF
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Eggplant production in a protected environment with plant vibration
Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso*, Ariane da Cunha Salata, Felipe Oliveira Magro
UNESP - São Paulo State University, Department of Horticulture, Caixa Postal 237, 18603-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of eggplant fruit according to plant vibration in two types of protected environments, with and without an aphid-proof screen, preventing or permitting the entry of pollinators. Two eggplant hybrids (Roxelle, clear purple color and round shape fruits, and Kokushi, purple color and elongated fruits), two vibration treatments (with or without plant vibration), and two environments (with or without screen) were assessed. It was concluded that the presence of insects in the open environment increases marketable fruit yield only in hybrid Roxelle (2120 and 1172 g plant-1, with and without insects, respectivelly), the number of seeds per fruit in both hybrids in treatment without plant vibration (average of 584 and 110 seeds, with and without insects, respectivelly), and that plant vibration may partially replace the absence of pollinator insects in a closed environment protected with a screen, with an increase in fruit yield.
Pages 309-312 | Full Text PDF
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Polyamine, peroxidase activity and total protein content during storage of bird-of-paradise
Marcos Ribeiro da Silva Vieira*, Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima, Fabio Vianello, Angela Vacaro de Souza, Adriano do Nascimento Simões, Fabiana Bezerra de Moura
Department of Production Vegetable, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE - Brazil
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Italy
Abstract
The present study was aimed to the determination of the effect of storage on some biochemical characteristics (PAs content, POX activity and total protein content) of flower tissue of bird-of-paradise. Flowers were selected and labeled, avoiding any mechanical damage, and randomly distributed in recipients for two postharvest trials. In the first experiment, flowers were placed in recipients containing tap water and stored in a cold room, at 7.5 ºC and 90 % RH, for a period of 12 days. In experiment 2, flowers were stored in room temperature for a period of 6 days. For biochemical characteristics, samples (sepals, petals, stems and bracts) from experiment 1 were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 days, and at 0, 2, 4 and 6 days for experiment 2. Results showed that flower bracts, stored at 7.5 °C, presented a lower content of PAs (Put and Spd), when compared to samples stored at room temperature. In both experiments, a high content of PAs (Spm) was observed in flower tissues in relation to Put and Spd. An increase of POX activity was observed in sepals stored in the cold, and was related to PAs degradation during senescence. No differences in total protein content were observed between the two treatments. The present study provides numeric results on changes in level of PAs, POX activity and total protein during postharvest of bird-of-paradise.
Pages 313-320 | Full Text PDF
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Review Article
Molecular mechanisms of plant salinity tolerance: a review
Kaivan Bahmani*, Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori, Ali Izadi Darbandi, Azam Akbari
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Accompanied with increasing world's population, we need more food. In the other hands, most important crops and vegetables are susceptible to salinity. Unfortunately the salinization process in agricultural fields will decrease the suitable land for cultivation by 30% within the next 25 years, and up to 50% by the year 2050. Therefore, developments of salt tolerant crops can be the best and most practical way to produce enough food. In the course of evolution, plants have developed several protecting mechanisms (avoidance and tolerance) so as to adapt to salt stress. Understanding the cellular basis of salt stress tolerance mechanisms is necessary for breeding and genetic engineering of salt tolerance in crops. Tolerance mechanisms mainly are applicable to practical manipulations. Tolerance mechanisms in plant can be categorized as: a)-antioxidative defense, b)-ion homeostasis, c)-compatible solute and d)-transcription factors. In this review we tried to make a comprehensive review on these 4 tolerance mechanisms from the molecular aspects.
Pages 321-336 | Full Text PDF
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A quick test using seeds for detecting dicamba resistance in fathen (Chenopodium album)
Hossein Ghanizadeh, Kerry C. Harrington*, Trevor K. James, David J. Woolley
Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, PB 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, PB 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
Abstract
A quick test was developed using seeds in petri dishes to detect resistance to dicamba in fathen (Chenopodium album L.) which has developed in some maize fields in Waikato, New Zealand. Seeds were collected from four Waikato maize fields (populations A, B, L and M) where dicamba has been applied for many years, and also three sites (populations C, P and Y) where dicamba was unlikely to have been used. Following a dormancy-breaking procedure, seeds of each population were germinated in petri dishes containing a range of dicamba concentrations from 0.02 to 0.32 mg L-1. The length of seedling hypocotyls and radicles was measured 14 days later, and these were found to be significantly shorter at most dicamba concentrations for five of the populations (A, B, C, P and Y) compared with the seedlings from populations L and M at the same concentrations. Dose response curves estimated populations L and M were 22 and 48 times more resistant, respectively, than the other five populations. The seven populations were also grown in pots in two separate greenhouse experiments, sprayed with a range of dicamba rates after 1 month then shoot weight was measured 7 weeks later. The greenhouse experiments confirmed that populations L and M were the only two dicamba resistant populations. The petri dish test was much quicker and has seldom been used previously for auxinic herbicides but over-estimated the levels of resistance which were approximately 7-fold and 19-fold for populations L and M respectively in the greenhouse experiments.
Pages 337-343 | Full Text PDF
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Physiological responses of rice cultivars exposed to different temperatures and flood depths in a water seeded system
Gerson Meneghetti Sarzi Sartori*, Enio Marchesan, Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso, Júlia Gomes Farias, Cristian Fernandes Azevedo, Lucas Lopes Coelho, Maurício Limberger de Oliveira
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria - RS, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
Abstract
Temperature and flood depths influence the growth and development of irrigated rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial response of two rice genotypes on oxidative stress, growth and nitrogen accumulation of rice seedlings under different temperatures and flood depths in a water seeded system. The study was conducted in 2012 using a phytotron chamber. Treatments were a combination of two air temperatures regimes (17 and 20°C), two rice genotypes (IRGA 425 and Epagri114) and three flood dephs (1, 5 and 9 cm). The results showed that temperature affected seedling performance, with greater dry mass for roots and shoots, as well as greater nitrogen accumulation at 20°C at a flood depth of 1 cm for both genotypes. The H2O2 concentration in the root increased with increasing flood depth, with a significantly greater increase for the 114 Epagri genotype. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) varied depending on the genotype, with SOD being the most expressive, increasing its activity with increasing flood depth.
Pages 344-354 | Full Text PDF
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